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Africa

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December 1990

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Mq} Paal i(/GADIE: WF tlitiury Comnutdcr
Etluic Tutsi Pavl Kagann's sclolarly and rcticcnt

PhG'L

an attenpl to hstabilizc

ttu

Hutu.domirutcd Rwando

Kaganu

wa born in

1957. Hc earned a B,A, from Kampala College in 1978. Uke , lu joined Mweveni's gwrrillalorcg pl@

-lo
Relugce hoblcm Rclnging. . . The invasion hss hcightened tension over thc longstending Tlrtsi rcfugcc issue, a kcy initant in Rwandab rclations with is ncighbors and a security and eonomic concern for $c region. Some 5m,m0 mos0y Tirsi refugccs in the region cornpcto with host

ansune command

ol the Rwondan

rebel

forccs

counlry citizcns for scarcc rpsourccs and arc oftcn a channol for unrcst across bordcrs. Thc invasion haltcd implcmcntation by ttrc IJN High Commisioner on Refugoos (uN}lCR) of a reseulcmcnt plan in Uganda that imluded rcgisradon of refugecs for either rcpariuion b Rwurda or absorption into Uguda. Morcover, the conflict lus addcd to refugec popthtions in tho rugion, prompting rcighboring heads of garc n thruatcn orpulsion to pre$urie Habyarimana to negothtc. For example, Uganda said in Octobcr that it can no longcr act as a "rofugce prisott" and that Rwanda

hsve entcrri Uganda as a rosult of the conflict. Kenyan President Moi spoke out against illegal alicns as a thrcat to Kcnyan sccurity and reluions with neighboring counuies and threotened n expel thcrn all. Bunndi, dready host o some 250,000 Rwurdans, is struggling to aopc with an influx of ncw rcfugees $at, whilc nurnbering only slightly over l,m0 so far, is morc tlran iu limired facilities and supplies can

hurdle.l-l

: . . And Rcgional Summitry Bogged Dorvn Rcgionat ud intcrnational sfforts to resolve the refugec question have gaincd impctus as a result of thc fighting. Bclgium---sd latcr France-speuheadcd initid attcmpts to anange and rnonitor a ccaso-firc, mediatc

hu igmred 0re problem of exilod Rwandans wanting to

rctum homc for 30 ygars. Some

l0,m

new refugecs

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PIGE

MqJ, Paul

I(AGA}iE: RPF Miliury Comnuttder

Etluic Tutsi Paul Kaganu's scholarly ard rcticcnt monner belies his role as tlu key opc?albral corunander of tlu RPF gurrillaforce. Rumored to be an architect of thc Tutsi-lcd invasion launched by former colleagws lrom thc Ugandan Army, Kagame hars efectivcly adoptcd snull-scalc hit-and-run tactics in an attc,npl to dcstabilizc thc Hutu.dominatcd Rwanda rcghne and gain political concessbns for

lhc in soourity ad cconomb conccrn for rhc rcgion, Somc 50,00 tnoctly Tiltsi tEfugccs in thc rcgion canpch with ho$ comtry citizcns lor scatcc rqioutccrs Itd ut oflon o
channcl for unra* rcross bordcrs. invasion lmplcmcnlation by thc tJN High Canmisioncr on Rcfugcs ([INHCR) of a rrrulcrncnt plrn in that imluM roglsradon of rcfugccs for rcparladot o Rwrnda or abcorprion ino Morowr, thc conflict lue addcd to rcfugca populrtions in 0u rcglon, pompting rnighboring hads of ilele thrr.tcn oxpulsion to prasurc Hrbyuimura ncgotiaf. For cxamplc, Uganda Eaidi Ocroicfhsr cur no longcr act as a "refugce prison" ild lhat Rwoda hu igmrcd 0rc poblcm of exilcd Rwandrnc wanting lo rcturfl hornc for 30 ycars. Somc 10,ffi rrcw refugccs

Relugcc Problcn Rcmrim . . Thc invrsion hss hoighloncd tcnsion ovcr longstandlng T[tsi rcfugcc issue, a tcy ininnt Rwandab rpladons with its ncighbon urd a

'

llc

halrcd

havo cntcrcd Ugudr as a rcsult of rhc eonflict, Kcnyan Prcsidcnt Moi spoke out agrinsr illcgql .licns.s a hrcat lo Kcnyan rcuriry anrl rclarions with ncighboring counuics Ed Urelrcncd n expel rhun suru1oi, alresdy ho$ to sornc 250,000 Rwandurs, is sruggling to copc wi0r an influx of ncw rcfugcs rhat, whfi numbcring only slightly over l,O0 so far, is morc d|8n is limircd facilitics and supptics csn

Ai

hrndb.F--l

ugrnda cither Uganda. to !o i!

. . . And Rcglonrl summltry Bogged l]orvn Rcgional ard inomationrl cfforts o resolvo lhe rufugec qucstion hrvc grincd impdus as a rceult of 1rc fighti-ng. Bctglun-{d latcr Francc-spcuhcadcd initial

atrcmpc to arangc and monioi a ccase-tirq mcdiao ul*s bawcen Kigrti urd thc RpE an dornnizrc

rcsioml confcrcngc on
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refugecs,

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