Key Indicator 2008

Cenlre lor Data and lalomation
on Energy and Minerai BlI8IIIUc.

KEY INDICATOR 01
INDONESIA ENERGY Ind MINERAl RESOURCES
Ministry Energ, and Milleral Bnourc.
32
DIRECTORY OF
THE MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES
The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
JI. Medan Merdeka Selatan No.18 Jakarta Pusat 10110
Phone: (021) 3804242
www.esdm.go.id
menteri.esdm.go.id
Secretary General
JI. Medan Merdeka Selatan No.18 Jakarta Pusat 10110
Phone: (021) 3804242
setjen.esdm.go.id
Inspectorate General
JI. Patra Kuningan Raya No.1 BJakarta Selatan 12950
Phone: (021) 5202441
itjen.esdm.go. id
Directorate General of Oil and Gas
JI. H.R. Rasuna Said Kav. B-5 Jakarta Selatan 12910
Phone: (021) 5269027
www.migas.esdm.go.id
Directorate General of Electricity and Energy Utilization
JI. H.R. Rasuna Said Block X-2 Kav. 7&.8 Jakarta Selatan 12950
Phone: (021) 5256064
www.djlpe.esdm.go.id
Directorate General of Mineral, Coal and Geothermal
JI. Prof. Dr. Supomo. SH No.10 Jakarta Selatan 12870
Phone: (021) 8292115
www.djmbp.esdm.go.id
Agency for Research and Development of Energy and Mineral Resources
JI. Ciledug Raya. Kebayoran Lama Jakarta Selatan 12950
Phone: (021) 5228374
www.litbang.esdm.go.id
Agency for Education and Training in Energy and Mineral Resources
JI. Jend. Gatot Subroto Kav. 49 Jakarta Selatan 12950
Phone: (021) 5255863
www.diklat.esdm.go.id
Agency of Geology
Jalan Diponegoro No. 57 Bandung, Jawa Barat
Phone: (022) 7215297
www.bgl.esdm.go.id
KEY INDICATOR of INDONESIA ENERGY and MINERAL RESOURCES
KEY INDICATOR OF
INDONESIA ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES
DATAAND INFORMATION CENTRE
FOR ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES
MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES
2008
Table L.9.
World Major Coal Consuming Countries, 2006
27.8
59.7
94.5
97.7
57.1
86.0
208.0
573.7
125.3
614.33
280.36
585.71
514.53
857.60
1,311.4
6,017.69
5902.75
1,704.36
1,293.17
1,246.76
Million Ton
Million TOE BOE
Source: BP Statistical Review 2008
Country
Country
Table L.10.
World Major C02 Emission, 2006 (Energy Sector)
South Africa
China
China
USA
USA
South Korea
Canada
South Korea
Poland
Germany
Indonesia
Russia
Russia
India
United Kingdom
India
Indonesia
Japan
Germany
Source: www.eta.doe.goy, 2008

KEY INDICATOR of INDONESIA ENERGY and MINERAL RESOURCES 31
Table L.8.
World Major Coal Producing Countries, 2006
ii
1
1
4
7
7
8
10
11
12
12
14
15
16
16
17
18
20
20
22
22
23
24
26
27
CONTENT .
FOREWORD .
A. Resources Status .
A.1. Energy Resources Status .
A.2. Coal and Mineral Resources Status .
B. Production .
B.1. Primary Energy Production .
B.2. Final Energy Production .
B.3. Mineral Production .
C. Primary Energy Supply .
D. Export .
0.1. Primary Energy .
0.2. Final Energy .
0.3. Mineral Export .
E. Primary Energy Import .
E.1. Primary Energy Import .
E2. Final Energy Import .
F. Energy Consumption .
G. Energy Intensity .
H. Energy Price .
I. Investment and State Income .
1.1. Investment Development .
1.2. State Income .
1.3. Energy Subsidy .
J. Carbon Dioxide Emission .
K. Indonesia in Figures .
CONTENT
258.6
738.0
399.4
553.1
479.0
860.8
2847.2
6,949.9
1,079.2
1,310.1
DOOlan/Day
-
Source: BP StatIstIcal Review 2008
-
Country
Australia
USA
Kazakhstan
China
Indonesia
South Africa
Russia
Poland
India
Germany
Country
Table L.7.
World Major Coal Reserves
Australia
Other European Countries &Eurasia
Kazakhstan
Ukraine
India
Russia
South Africa
USA
China
Indonesia
4
8
4
10
16
30 KEY INDICATOR of INDONESIA ENERGY and MINERAL RESOURCES KEY INDICATOR of INDONESIA ENERGY and MINERAL RESOURCES
Table L.6.
World Major Natural Gas Consuming Countries, 2006
Table L.S.
World Major Natural Gas Producing Countries, 2006
7.0
7.3
6.8
6.5
8.7
8.0
52.8
58.8
10.8
17.8
Bill. Cu Ft/ Day
Bill. Cu Ft I Day
2,447.7
2,680.4
2 56.5
6,488.1
3,167.1
21,451.8
Bill. Cubic Feet
BiII.Cubic Feet
Country
Country
Algeria
USA 23,058.0 63.2
Russia 15,496.3 42.5
Iran 3,949.6 10.8
Canada 3,318.0 9.1
England 3,228.9 8.8
Japan 3,186.6 8.7
Germany 2,922.2 8.0
Italy 2,748.6 7.5
Saudi Arabia 2,680.4 7.3
Indonesia 1,193.8 3,3
USA
England
Norwegia
China
Iran
Saudi Arabia
Canada
Russia
Indonesia
24
4
4
11
FOREWORD
Jakarta, January 2008
Center for Data and Information on Energy and Mineral Resources
(Pusdatin ESDM)
We hope that this publication will be beneficial to all readers
and we would highly appreciate any comments and suggestions
to further improve the next edition of Energy and Mineral
Resources Indicator.
The objective of publishing the Energy and Mineral Resources
Indicator is to provide information on some major data and
information including production, consumption, export and
import of energy and mineral resources. It also provides
information on investment development in the energy and mineral
resource sectors, energy subsidy, energy pricing and the
development of national income. This second edition of the
Energy and Mineral Resources Indicator also elaborates the
position of Indonesian energy and mineral resources in relation
to several other countries. The Energy and Mineral Resources
Indicator is presented in the form of tables and graphs with short
description of annual data and information.
The Data and Information Centre for Energy and Mineral Resources
(Pusdatin ESDM) of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
(DESDM) was previously established in 2001 under the name of
the Centre for Energy Information (PIE). With the Minister
regulation Number 003012005 on Organization and Procedures
of DESDM, PIE was renamed to Pusdatin. Since 2002, the centre
has published the Indonesian Energy Economy Statistic Handbook.
Since 2007, Pusdatin published the Energy and Mineral Resources
Indicator as one of the key reference to meet the public demand
for a summary of data and information on energy and natural
resources.
ii KEY INDICATOR of INDONESIA ENERGY and MINERAL RESOURCES KEY INDICATOR of INDONESIA ENERGY and MINERAL RESOURCES 29
Proven Potential
Crude Oil Resources
(BillionSTB)
10
3
A. Resources Status
A.1. Energy Resources Status
Indonesian crude oil reserves (proven and potential) declined
about 14.47% from 9.61 billion barrel in 2000 to 8.22 billion
barrel in 2008. The proven reserves itself was 3.75 billion
barrel in 2008, declining 26.81% from 2000.
Natural gas reserves (proven and potential) was 170.1 TSCF
in 2008, decreased of about 0.12% from 2000, whereas
proven reserves increased about 18.73% from 94.75 TSCF
in 2000 to 112.5 TSCF in 2008
There are still some possibilities to increase the reserve
value because only 16 out of 60 hydrocarbon basins have
been producing oil while 7 basins have been explored but
not yet in production state. Out of the remaining 36 basins,
15 have been explored but economic reserves are yet to be
found, while the remaining 22 basins have not been explored.
These basins are highly attractive to be further developed
due to current global crude oil prices.
o
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
5
8
2,699
2,393
2,192
2,371
2,748
2,303
5,051
7,855
1,157
215,07
253.03
211.08
20,698
981.75
904,06
186,99
181.87
159.45
105.94
1,576.75
000 Barrell Day
Source: BP Statistical Review2008
Trillion Cubic Feet (TeFl Country
USA
Table L.3.
World Major Crude Oil Consuming Countries, 2007
Russia
Venezuella
Nigeria
Saudi Arabia
Table L.4.
World Major Natural Gas Reserve, 2006
Algeria
United Arab Emirates
Qatar
Iran
Indonesia
Country
Canada
Germany
China
Brazil
USA
Russia Federation
South Korea
India
Japan
Indonesia
4
7
6
8
20
28 KEY INDICATOR of INDONESIA ENERGY and MINERAL RESOURCES KEY INDICATOR of INDONESIA ENERGY and MINERAL RESOURCES
K. Indonesia in Figures
4.4
79.4
97.8
39.8
41.5
87.0
264.2
115.0
138.4
101.5
969.0
2,915.0
2,626.0
3,743.0
3,309.0
9,978.0
6,879.0
3,477.0
4,401.0
10,413.0
Billion Barrel
Source: BP StatIstIcal Review 2008
353.n
958.42
2,510.94
3,800.64
3,641.98
1,269.18
1,606.39
1,063.93
1,207.66
1,366.33
..-
Country
Countries
Table L.2.
World Largest Crude Oil Producing Countries, 2007
Table L.1.
World Largest Oil Reserves Countries, 2007
5audi Arabia
Kazakhstan
United Arab Emirates
Venezuela
Kuwait
Russia
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Russia
Kuwait
Canada
U5A
U n ~ e d Arab Emirates
China
5audi Arabia
Mexico
Iran
Indonesia
4
9
8
21
Potential Proven
200
150
100
50
o
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Natural Gas Resources
(TSCF)
Most of the unexplored oil basins are located in deep sea,
mainly in the eastern part of Indonesia. In order to increase
exploration activities in these potential areas, the
government enhanced seismic survey activities and
encouraged private sectors to conduct not only 2D but also
3D seismic survey. The data from the surveys are then
analyzed to be an important factor in offering new oil and
gas exploration areas to the contractors.
Indonesia also has a huge potential of coal bed methane
(CBM) resources, of which 453,3 TCF (92% of which classified
as highly prospective) are mostly located in South Sumatra
(183 TCF), Barito (101.6 TCF), Kutai (8004 TCF), Central
Sumatra (52.5 TCF) and other areas such as Tarakan, Berau,
Ombilin, PasirlAsem, Bengkulu, Sulawesi and North West
Java
2 KEY INDICATOR of INDONESIA ENERGY and MINERAL RESOURCES KEY INDICATOR of INDONESIA ENERGY and MINERAL RESOURCES 27
J. Carbon Dioxide Emission
Carbon Dioxide (C02) emission from the energy sector
increased by 5% in average over the last couple of years in
line with an increase of energy use. C02 emission in 2000
reached 244.31 millions tons and increased to 323.04 millions
tons in 2007.
Carbon dioxide emission from the industry and electricity
generation sectors in 2000 reached 81.44 millions tons and
59.8 millions tons respectively and increased to 117.06
millions tons and 93.63 millions tons. The same trend is
also shown in the household and commercial sectors as well
as transportation sectors.
C02 Emission from Energy Sector
(Million Toni
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
Geothermal Resources and
Reserves/ 2007 (MWe)
Possible
40%
Probable
4%
Pr ove n
8%
Around 40% of the world's geothermal resources are located
in Indonesia. The active volcanic belt in Indonesia, measuring
7,000 km in length and 50-200 km in width distributes
geothermal energy resources along the volcanic lines of
Sumatra, Java, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), Northern
Sulawesi and Maluku.
Most of the geothermal energy resources are located at the
base or old caldera area of volcanoes.
2000 2001 2002 2003
Power Plant
& Commercial and I-busehok:l
iii Other
2004 2005
Indu stry
Transportation
2006 2007
Indonesia's total geothermal energy potential is equivalent
to 27,601 MW of electricity. Of this total, 11,135 MW is
confirmed as probable reserve, 1,050 MW as possible reserve
and 2,288 MW as proven reserve. The remaining 13,128 MW
are still speculative and hypothetical resources.
2008
Realization
2006 2007
Target
2004 2005
Target and Realization of Electricity Subsidy
(Trillion Rp)
r-
f-
r-- - r-- r-- r-- r-
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Target _ Realization
Target and Realization of Fuel Subsidy
(Trillions Rp)
40
80
25+----------.,
50 f----------
120
Potential metallic mineral resources are mostly found in
volcanic rock and intrusive rock, and several found in
sedimentary rock. Potential metallic mineral resources and
reserves are found in 437 locations in western and eastern
parts of Indonesia. However, detailed exploration and
production have not been carried out in all locations.
Non metallic mineral resources potential can be found in
volcanic rock, intrusive rock, sedimentary rock and
metamorphic rock of all ages. Non metal minerals are
commodities having important roles as raw materials in
manufacturing, construction and agricultural industries.
Beside geothermal energy, Indonesia has also hydro power
potential of about 75 GW, mini/micro hydro potential of
459 MW, wind energy potential of 9 GW, solar energy
potential of 4.8 kWh/m2lday and biomass potential of 49
GW electricity equivalent.
Indonesia's 2008 total coal resources are estimated at 104.76
billion tons, located in 12 coal seams over 6 provinces.
Major coal deposits in Indonesia are located in Sumatra
(50,1 %) and Kalimantan (49,6 %). The remaining are
distributed in Java, Sulawesi, Maluku and Papua.
A.2. Coal and Mineral Resources Status
Several metallic minerals that are already in production in
Indonesia are bauxite, primary gold, alluvial gold, nickel,
iron sand, silver, copper, manganese (Mn) and tin.
Note:
2009 : according to 2009 state budget
Fuel subsidy consists of premium, kerosene, diesel,
LP dan carry over.
State Income from mining Sector
(Trillion Rp)
Millions Tons
2008
..
104,756.83
Resources
2006 2007
Reserves. Resources
Indonesian Coal Resources
(Status 2008)
Island
Coal Resources & Reserves
(Billion Ton)
2005
a
50
150
100
Java 14.21 na
Sumatra
52,436.56
Kalimantan
51,917.41
7,230.56
Sulawesi
233.10
Maluku
2.13
Na
Papua
153.42
TOTAL
na = not available or still under detailed exploration stage
2008 2007 2006 2005 2004
10
45
40
35
30
20
15
25
1.3. Energy Subsidy
Fuel and electricity subsidy, is still needed due to the relatively
low purchasing power of the people and to accelerate economic
development. Subsidy will be continuously decreased and
diverted from price subsidy to direct subsidy in order to provide
subsidy to the right target.
Subsidy allocation is determined by the volume of subsidized
fuel and world crude oil prices; the higher the crude oil price,
the bigger the subsidy. The government will continue to decrease
subsidized fuel which is then substituted with other sources
of energy, such as LPG and coal briquettes.
In 2005, petroleum fuel subsidy was recorded at 95.6 billion
Rupiah, decreasing to 60.5 billion Rupiah in 2006 and 43.4
billion Rupiah in 2007, following decreasing use of subsidized
fuel. Electricity subsidy in 2005 amounted to 10.5 billion
Rupiah, increasing to 27.5 billion Rupiah in 2006, which then
decreased to 25.8 billion Rupiah in 2007.
Mineral Resources of Indonesia
(Status 2007)
Type of Mineral
Nickel
B a u x ~ e
Cooper
Iron Sand
Manganese
TIn
Primary Gold
Placer Gold
Silver
Mercury
lead
link
Millions Tons
Value
1,415,058,000.00
597,536,760.00
68,960,881.20
165,108,793.97
9,091,105,05
653,890.80
4,208.79
123
508,189.02
75.91
1,426,352,82
5,960,022,66
In the electridty sub-sector, investment increased by 23.33%
from US$2,637 million in 2005 to US$3,253 million in 2006
and by 2.06% to US$3,320 million in 2007.
1.2. State Income
State income from the energy sector mainly comes from oil
and gas sub-sector. Since 2004, the energy sector has been
contributing about 30-42% of the total state income.
The foreign exchange earning is determined, among others,
by the crude oil and condensate production volumes, export
volume, oil price and the exchange rate.
State Income from Oil and Gas
(Trillion Rp)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
a
Primary Iron 368,493,173.95
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
lateritic Iron
Cobalt
Primary Chromite
Placer Chromite
Platinum
Molibdenum
1,565,195,899.30
1,354,829,00
1,642,925,00
5,767,099,00
13,031.00
211,500,00
In 2005, the state income from the upstream and downstream
oil and gas sub-sector amounted to 138 trillion Rupiah, increasing
38.9% in 2006 to 192 trillions Rupiah. In 2007, the state income
decreased by around 2.7% to 187 trillion Rupiah from previous
year. The contribution of mining sub-sector (mineral and coal)
also increased by 68.6% from 17.69 trillions Rupiah in 2005 to
29.82 trillions Rupiah in 2006 and increased by 12.8% to 37.34
trillions Rupiah in 2007.
I. Investment and State Income
1.1. Investment Development
Investment in energy and mineral sector shows a significant
increase during the last 3 years as a result of a more
conducive investment climate in Indonesia. In 2005,
investment in both upstream and downstream oil and gas
sub-sector amounted to US$8,516 million, increasing by
13.46% in 2006 to US$ 9,663 million and increased by 4.37%
in 2007 to US$ 10,085 million.
Investment
(Million USD)
20,000
15,000
10,000 1----,=- _
5,000
a
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
... Coal, Mineral and Geothermal
II Electricity
iii Oil and Gas
The mineral, coal and geothermal sub-sector investment
have been very volatile between 2006 - 2008, 1,456 millions
US$ in 2006 (increase of 35%); 1,252 millions US$ (decrease
of 16%) an 1,654 millions US$ (increase of 32%).
B. Production
B.1. Primary Energy Production
The 2007 oil and condensate production was 954.4 millions
barrel!day, 5% lower than the 2006 production level. This
decrease is a result of decreasing oil production from the
old main oil wells. However, the average depletion rate has
been minimized from more than 10% to about 5% in the last
several years. This achievement is due to additional
production capadties from new oil fields and the application
of technologies, such as Enhanced Oil Recovery, pressure
maintenance and efficiency on the operhating oil wells.
Gas production decreased to 2.81 MMSCF from 2.95 MMSCF
last year due to the same reason as oil.
Coal production increased by 16% per year in average during
the last 5 years in line with increasing domestic and export
demands. At 2007coal production increase to 217 million
ton.
Geothermal steam utilization remains stable in the last
couple or years and is used to generate electricity.
Primary Energy Production
(Million BOE)
2,100
1,800
1,500
1,200
900
600
300
o
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
iii Coal iii Crude Oil iii Natural gas
iii Hydro Power iii Geothermal iii Biomass
Final Energy Production
(Million BOE)
Electricity Price
(Rp/KWh)
500+- ,.
800 -r-------------
Price of Subsidized and Non-Subsidized
Petroleum Product (Rupiah)
'ea, 1Oao ZOll1 zaoz 1003 ZOIM
-
21106 1007 Z.
SLbslil( 1,038 1,300 1,673 1,810 1,810 1,1!l4 4,soo 4,500 4,920
Non-SLbslllt 1,480" 2,006 2,100 2,210 S,513 5,982 7,735
SLbslil( 298 386 1,346 1,813 1,800 1,857 2,000 2,000 2,150
Non-SLbslllt 1,858 1,989 2,200 2,284 5,569 5,842 8,805
SLbslil( 563 814 1,319 1,668 1,650 1,714 4,llO 4,300 4,646
Non-SLbslllt 1,71J7 1,944 2,100 2,186 5,765 5,482 8,792
SLbslil( 513 875 1,283 1,666 1,650 1,743
Non-SLbslllt 1,758 1,904 2,050 2,137 5,139 5,665 8,434
SLbslil( 363 650 1,047 1,568 1,560 1,656
Non-SLbslllt 1,452 1,575 1,589 1,696 3,441 3,8n 5,810
Notes:
.. Year 2002 : Subsidized price was 50-75% market price. Non-subsidized
price was 100% market price
.. Year 2003 - 2007 : Subsidized price was the domestic retail price. Non-
Subsidized price was the price for industries
.. Non-subsidized premium price was only for January 2002.
From February - December, the price of subsidized and non-subsidized was
similar.
iii Briquet
iii Electricity
IiIlNG
iii 88M
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
iii LPG
IIiII Non Fuel
B.2. Final Energy Production
Final energy is produced largely from domestic refineries
and electricity generation.
Pangkalan Brandan have stopped operating since 2007.
Tuban refinery is operated to maintain supply at a capacity
of 100 MBPD. The 2008 Indonesian refinery capacity is 1,152
million barrels per day, located in Sumatra (Dumai, S.
Pakning, Musi), Java (Balongan, Cepu, Cilacap, Tuban),
Kalimantan (Balikpapan), and Irian Jaya (Kasim). These
refineries produce several oil products, such as avtur,
gasoline, industrial diesel oil, automotive diesel oil, kerosene
as well as non petroleum products such as LPG, naphtha,
HOMC, lube base oil and LSWR.
GOO
800
200
400
In addition to oil refineries, there are currently two gas
refineries, namelyArun in NAD and Badak in East Kalimantan,
which produce LNG and LPG. The installed capacity of LNG
Arun refinery is 12.85 million tons/year, while the installed
capacity of LNG Badak refinery is 21.64 million tons/year.
2000 2001
tI Household
.... .... ....... ...
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
_Industry 101 Commercial
Electricity Production
(GWh)
52.5% 53.0% 53. 0
Electrification Ratio
(PT.PLN)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Steam PP Diesel PP
Combined Cycle PP Hydro PP
Geothermal PP Oil Fired Gas Turbine PP
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
15
30
45
Energy pricing policy is gradually reaching economic prices.
At present, some of the oil or petroleum product prices
have reached its economic price and is following market
price developments, except for three types of oil fuel:
kerosene, premium gasoline, and diesel oil for public
transportation and household, which are still being subsidized.
This quota decreases every year as part of the diversification,
energy conservation policy and fuel-switching program to
other non oil fuel energy sources, such as natural gas and
coal for electricity generation, gas and bio fuel for
transportation, coal briquette for industry and LPG for
houesehold needs.
Final Energy intensity in 2007 was 0.294 BOE/Millions Rupiah
or slightly lower from 0.292 BOE/Millions Rupiah in 2006.
The final energy use intensity in 2007 was 2.56 BOE/capita
or slightly decrease from the 2006 figure of 2.43 BOE/capita.
Energy intensity shows the amount of primary energy supply
or final energy use to produce economic variable such as
GDP. The smaller the energy intensity, the more efficient
energy is used to produce certain GDP. The energy intensity
tends to fluctuate with minor changes.
H. Energy Price
G. Energy Intensity
Electricity production in 2007 was 142.4 thousand GWh, an
increase of 57% from the 2000 production level. Electricity
is generated from fossil fuel and non fossil fuel fired power
plants with a total installed capacity of 31.4 thousand MW,
consisting of PLN as well as non-PLN power plants.
The electrification ratio supplied from PLN power plants in
2007 was 64.3 %and which increased to 66% in 2008.
B.3. Mineral Production
Production of 10 main mineral commodities generally show
fluctuating numbers and is determined by demand and price
of mineral commodity in international market.
Production of several minerals; such as nickel ore, Ni+Co
in matte, gold and silver increased in 2007; while production
of copper, bauxite, ferro nickel, tin metal are still stable.
Gold and silver production increased from 85.4 thousand
tons and 261.4 thousand tons, respectively in 2006 to 117.9
thousand tons and 269 thousand tons in 2007.
The 2007 production of tin concentrate and bauxite decreased
by 18% from 81 thousands tons and 1.5 millions tons in 2006
to 66 thousands tons and 1.3 millions tons respectively.
Copper production also decreased by 2% from 818 thousand
tons in 2006 to 797 thousands tons in 2007.
Consumption of Final Energy by Sector
(Million BOE)
600
400
200
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Industry Household iii Tra nsportation
Other Non Energy II Commercial
The high oil fuel consumption was mostly due to limited
non oil fuel energy supplies and the fact that some petroleum
fuel types is still being subsidized, especially the gasoline
(premium type), kerosene and diesel oil for public
(transportation and household sectors) and small scale
enterprises. For those subsidized petroleum fuels, the
government determines aquota based on thorough estimation
of petroleum fuel demands.
Energy Intensity
Q 34 Q 34 0..32-0.30-0..31.-0..309-0.2.92-0,-294-

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
-+-BOE! Million Rp
400 ,-------------------
350 1---------.----=------
_ Silver
_Gold
Mineral Production
(Thousand Ton)
o
_Copper _Bauxite _Nikelore
-Ferro Nikel -Ni+Co in Matte -Tin
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
8,000 ,------------------------,
6,000 4,000 I
100
2,000 1-.-.-.-.-.-...._
so
lVIineral Production
(Thousand Kg)
Note:
Bar Chart: Left Axis
Line Chart: Right Axis
0.59 1.17
. .
0.95 0.28

Import of Final Energy
(Million BOE)
Consumption of Final Energy
(Million BOE)
153 ---..
r Sv-
---- L7 _

F. Energy Consumption
Final energy consumption is considered equal to domestic
energy sales. Energy consumption was dominated by
petroleum fuel and coal. The petroleum fuel share in the
final energy mix amounts to 52.2%, followed by coal (including
briquette) 20.3%, gas (13.3%), electricity (12.4%) and LPG
(1.8%).
C. Primary Energy Supply
During the 1980s, oil share in the national energy mix was
about 70% and continuously decreased to about 49.7% in
2007. In contrast, the share of coal increased continuously
to 27% in 2007. Natural gas share remains at a steady level
of 20%. The share of geothermal and hydro power in the
primary energy mix were still limited at less than 5% each.
_LPG
2006 2007 2003 2004 2005
_Gas _Electricily
2000 2001 2002
Fuel _Coal
200 c.--._---It----e--+-+-._---II--
250 fl--il--I- - -
150 c.--._---It----e--+-+-._---II--
100 fI-::,-----t--1I--t--t---I--I::--1._-
Primary Energy Supply
(Million BOE)
The high domestic use of oil is due our high oil dependence
in the existing energy infrastructure which affects our
lifestyle, especially in the industrial and transportation
sectors.
~ C o a l _Crude Oil
-,II--lI!!-!!I-... --lI!!-lI!!-lI!!-lI!!-
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
o . ~ ~ 0.13 0.08 0.16 0.41 0.41 0.46 0.2:8
Crude oil import in 2007 was about 115.8 million barrels,
or a decrease of 0.4% compared to 2006. This decrease was
caused by, among others, the increase use of non oil fuel
consumption in electricity generation.
Coal import was carried out in very limited amounts,
especially the high calorie coal (cokes) which are used in
steel factories.
1m port of Prim ary Energy
(MiliionBOE)
'64
-------'-37--,Ir414B,- ~ ~ - - - - -
117 12;"---'!'---'!'16 116
---.......'t .-
79/ ... ...
+---------------
E2. Final Energy Import
2007 final energy import, especially petroleum fuel, was
recorded at about 149.9 million barrels, or an increase of
19% compared to 2006. Meanwhile the 2007 LPG import was
137.8 thousands tons, an increase of 99.7% from 2006. This
increase is due to the kerosene to LPG conversion program.
Petroleum fuel import consists of HSD (High Speed Diesel),
ADO (Automotive Diesel Oil), kerosene (for household and
aviation turbo oil / Avtur), High Octane Mogas Component
(HOMC), premium and others in small amounts. These are
imported from the Middle East, Singapore, Malaysia and
other countries.
2007 2005 21lO6
II Hydro Power
gCoal
2003 2004
g Geothermal
gCrude Oil
2001 2002
iii Biomass
IiiI Natural Gas
201lO
200
800
1,000
1,200
400
600
1,400
Limited natural gas infrastructure to transport gas from
production fields which are mainly found in Sumatra and
Kalimantan to the demand centers mainly located in Java
has hindered the optimum use of gas. Meanwhile, biomass
energy is used in the form of fire wood in rural areas.
D. Export
0.1. Primary Energy
Export of energy, especially fossil energy (oil, gas and coal),
is intended to earn foreign exchange to finance the national
development.
o-J--.....- ....-__.--.....- ...- ....- ....
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
25
35
15
800 ,---------------------,- 45
400 +----------:;",....=-- ,-----_.-_.--a-I
_ Crude Oil _ Coal '-A-'Natural Gas (Pipeline)
Export of Primary Energy
(Million BOE)
200
600 +----------.,...,;:---.,<-.-1
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Note:
Bar Chart : Left Axis
_Nickelore
Matte
IiiiIIGoid II Silver
Mine.-al Export
(Thousand Ton)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

tp 50
.,----------------.- 100
+---.....--.---...r-......-.,..---.....--.----r -25
_Coope r _ Bauxite
Ferro nickel metal
6,000
4,500
3,000
400
100
200
300
7,500
Mine.-al Expo.-t
(Ton)
1,500
Note:
E. Import
E. 1. Primary Energy Import
Oil import is needed due to limited domestic production
and the fact that some refineries were designed to process
crude oil imported from abroad especiaLLy from the Middle
East, as well as to secure long term energy supply.
Crude oil export is currently about 38% of the total oil
production, increase from 2006.
Export of natural gas by pipeline is currently about 8% of
the total natural gas production, carried out in the framework
of Trans ASEAN Gas Pipeline with market destinations in
Singapore and Malaysia.
Export of coal is about 74% of the total coal production,
generally to traditional markets, mainly Japan, Taiwan,
South Korea and Europe.
0.2. Final Energy
Export of final energy, especially petroleum fuel, continues
to decrease due to the domestic increase use of oil fuel.
Export of LNG during the last five years from 2002 to 2007
experienced fluctuating levels. Export of LNG in 2002 was
196 million BOE (equivalent to 27.3 million tons). In 2003
the export of LNG decreased by 11% to 210,871 thousands
BOE.
The export of LNG then increased by 8% to 203,246 thousand
BOE in 2004. The export of LNG fell by an average of 5%
for the following three years to 190 million BOE in 2005, to
180 million BOE in 2006 and 167 million BOE in 2007. Export
of LNG during the last five years decreased from 26.01 tons
in 2002 to 20.85 tons in 2007. The decrease of LNG export
was due to the decreasing production of LNG from existing
gas fields, while new gas fields were still in preparation.
Export of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is carried out largely
through long term contracts with Japan, China, Taiwan,
and South Korea as the main market.
Export of LPG during the last three years generally indicate
a decrease. LPG export in 2005 was 1,015,366 tons, falling
drastically to 289,698 tons in 2006 and 268,511 tons in 2007.
LPG export is only a small percentage of the total final
energy export, resulting from increasing domestic use of
LPG.
Export of non petroleum fuel products such as HOMC, wax,
lube base oil and other products are also limited. Export
of non petroleum fuel products showed fluctuating numbers,
however during 2003 to 2007 period tended to decrease.
Export of Final Energy
(Million BOE)
250 -,-------------------, 15
13
200
11
150
100
50
o ~
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
_LNG _Non Fuel -a-LPG _Fuel
Note:
0.3. Mineral Export
Export of some major mineral commodities such as nickel
ore, tin, gold and silver showed an increase in 2007,
meanwhile export of copper and bauxite declined.
Export of nickel ore in 2007 was 4.3 million tons, or an
increase of 60% from the 2006 level. Export of gold increased
by 40% in 2007 to 119.6 thousand tons from 2006. Likewise,
the export of silver in 2007 was recorded at 244 thousand
tons, increased by 10% from the export in 2006.

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Key Indicator 2008

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Cenlre lor Data and lalomation

on Energy and Minerai BlI8IIIUc.

Source: www.eta.doe.goy, 2008

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