Dr.I.Cucu C.

Ioan

Dr.Cucu Toma

PSYCHIATRY UNDER
DICTATORSHIP

A WHITE BOOK OF COMMUNIST

ROMANIAN PSYCHIATRY

Piatra Neamţ – 2005

ROMANIA
 2

In the expensive our memory

grandfathers and father:CASANDRA,
ANA AND CONSTANTIN CUCU.
 3

The profession of the doctor has several

holy than sinful.
Erich Segal.
 4

Foreword
I am conscious I am as the guest here to
take the floor qua dilettante. Likely, the
specialists held to find out and of a
diletante view, as concern totalitarian
result in the country from the east
Europe about the psychiatry of the
guinea-pigs.
They well, in this modest quality, allow to
shall propose a paradox. The specialists
know exact - fancy - the psychiatric
horrible crimes commited in the asylums
from Est. Suspect, only that, as their
reigns know any the less well the
psychiatric crimes, don’t as brutal, but
disastrous through consecinte, commited
outwards asylums. For, I practise, fishy
weather 40 of years were all on one stick,
here, patients. True some particular
patients , that is leave in plus freedom,
the crime sows this time with a perfidious
depravity. Just as shall me apply to you
demonstrate, she has which effects and
today.
Otherwise, made sure me recently, to last
politic event from Romania, that is at
option, as in which he threw us the end of
second world war don’t he finished. We
are some naives when imagined us, to
 5

revolution, as I went out of the

nightmare. Now is seen nice and as the,
after he swallowed us hello a part from
the in a life anormality what become for
us the only possible “ normality” , the
communism mutilates us farther the in a
destiny freedom on which don’t us still
live it, because missed us the of a reflet
the natural behaviors.
As a matter of fact, even freedom
concept of meant for many years - and in
hello measure the maul means - just
come out from the cage. Meaning and,
likely, don’t understood nor today too well
as the the freedom has its own order.
Especially, meaning as the, just as the
animals holded longtime in captivity its
carry out their cage when let oneself go,
readapt itself with difficult to freedom, to
us the passed he don’t holds in forerank
of archives, don’t “stop to were” It is still
active. The ghosts tread on in the street,
they speak, sometimes are seen it to
television.
We ouryself, sometimes, we are
wibareback realize us our own ghosts.
thout
But,I am affread, to forgive me our
guests, as an westwrn people, he has no
how grasp this situation of tragedy , for
the simple reason as the try to judge, to
 6

analyse - with a logic normality – an

anormality.
The hasty his occident greet the end of
the communism, thereto he relaxed
became else indifferent, without bareback
I notice as on the scene of Estern Europe
one changed the show, but old “ actors”
bustle about through backstage because
they no forgot their roles.They
prepare,may be, just the new shows,
carry to one harvester-threshers two
misadventures of the century, the
communism and the fascism.
Finally, the former terror are not our
problem, only. Burn can apprehend really
an western people why a man as me he
put the question,in a day, if by chance
certain a form of” wisdom”, haunted as
an epidemic through became, principalul
ally of terror?
To 18 years old I saw Bucharest fool of
Russian uniforms. Felt on my one skin
two grinders between were grasped this
centuries, grinded the feather to blood
ideologists. The revolution he grasped me
to 63 of years. I becam an old man in a
which anormality ends through seemed,
at one time,” normality”, in the sense as
the don’t the maul the station-rod on
nobody, the evil becoming a
commonplace. How to explain this of a
 7

man in the street,separates what he is

naturaly why he is abnormal?
Chiefly as it is missing, un fortunately, an
serios add right analysis to tragedy of the
peoples from Estern, and in our respects
circulated enough foolishness.
In Romania there was the first
anticommunist demonstration from
Estern Europe and the first army
resistance against soviet ocupation, which
lasted years, in mountains.
All these, he were us gave to hear the
superficial wonders, of the kind:” The
Romanians suffer any” or” the corn mush
don’t explod”.
A couple years ante his Ceausescu
brakdown, I work to a manuscript on
which I inteded to send it Western
Europe. Concern me ones what I
called”the second police”, that is the
paradox as the a tyranny tzrannize and
with the help of the people tzrannized.
Remembered me all what I read about
the forms of colaborationism from France,
in its temporally ocupation, and the
hypnosis on which exercise it Hitler about
germans. Wherewith were us else bad
than anotheri?
We just try to live, to we don’t drop
victims, exactly what they did and
another persons in weather of disgrace.
 8

Yet, can’t to see as our fear help it on he

who scare us in order to frighten us still
more many. The more than obvious that
we keep from the riskiness, Ceausescu
and the acolytes saddles îallow more and
more. His insanity was stimulated of our “
wisdom” . Without wish of them,
persecuted became accomplices with the
persecutors.
But badness don’t forbidden here. Don’t
the maul surprise on nobody the fib.there
becoming a” normal” practce”. We
acomodate oneself with thw badness.
And, with the time, near else knowed
what the age the normal normality. Don’t
the maul we saw than anormality
”normalizated”. We seemed as, in a world
as our, such the natural his age come the
thing, as his sincerity becomes a
„insanity” risk. Reality reminded at every
turn as the is due to take care what say,
whom say, if you wish don’t enter
Securitatatea attention.
Therefore if you don’t accepted
anormality as the a natural factor seem
don’t as much a papers of courage, how
much a sign of the detrition of the instinct
of preservation. That, don’t famos wash t
brains is can the crime most conclude the
communist regime, but most durabila. A
clean brain don’t the maul has passed.
 9

Conversely, an accustomed his brain

consider normaly the anormality it is
menased to disappear - even in freedom
- of on which he got them in a history of
the barrack, waves the true is as a flabby
paste, what he can take any form,
depending on the orders bad entered into
the idiom, the way of thinking.
Enable to you remind what said Euripide,
as the slave becomes truly slave hardly
when behaved as such.
All these left traces on which a foreigners
have a difficulty to realize. Even we don’t
else realize sometimes. As a matter of
fact, exists the risk,I believe, as in
continent he gave it on Descartes,to
work in this end of this century,with two
different logics: One else pragmatical and
egoistic, for western,the another,
resentimental and misleaded of Estern,
disposed to see in western” the third
Roma” carry abstracted from” new
barbarians”. This stand of thing can
accentuate still more many the danger,
not at all negligible in my opinion, as
between Est and Vest to created a break
still more deeper, because in the place
Iron Curtain burn be an which wound
burn does, practise, near imposible to a
communication.
 10

Me sincere his mixed son Peradventure of

a western ring it and what wonder or at
less picturesqueness urge of Marx, of
break apart form us past laughing.
I seemed as an enormity and there was
difficult to found, apprehend, an advice
firstly, how to ridicule a nightmare?
Burn be a stupid guffaw the without
undoubtedly, improperly.
They were taked too many crimes in
order to enables to us break out in a
hysteric guffaw so that exorcized after a
sort the which were in progress.
Then, we had another life than for which
dreaded.
It represented only the chances to love
either contemplated a full of skies
starlike.
Our hours tenderness one mixed with the
despair. In what concerning me, in this
nightmare I became the father, wrote the
books. To abhor me really because
sometimes were happy, while my
countrymans were maltrated of the
Securitatea or they decay in the prisons?
I ashamed for the egoism of be me
enjoied the days with clear skies, in what
weather so many romanians lied in the
dark cells, but were no the gods don’t the
maul can change the nought, and
afterwards, is a fault to live? The moral
 11

says me as any the cowardice, even if is

boiled down to the helplessness rejected
a sun day from the reason of the
uglyness of the history. But don’t else I
want to be a hypocritical and consider
me guilty.
Considers me guilty as the shut up many
years after my father died in a hospital,
abaft of a ordinary peritonites, because
he is refused the administration of the
antibiotics, and don’t wherethrough I
loved the actually in a life the criminal
regime.
Finaly, I want to say as the life lived isn’t
as Berlin wall, to be destroied with the
pickaxe. That is why so difficult to
apreciated what „were” .
here come, likely, and the pettishness
wherewith many among we refuse here
any chat about guilt, considering is as he
comes is equalize, uniformizated, with the
natural corollary, if all we are guilty, all
are inocenti, he is as we have another
works the imperative maul now. And he
feels like say , as a Roumanian poet from
the XIX century ,” what were what he is
and shall else be what is deserved”.
Dar what is deserved? Don’t somehow
what” is deserved” depends on hardness
envisaged what „were”?
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I,meself,I recognize, I am affraid that

must to pass throch purgatory in order to
find, last at last, the real normality .
Octavian Pofr.
Bucharest 1994.
 13

„And Coming back the wind”( fragments)

By Vladimir Bukovski.

Au fond, the special hospital from

Leningrad don’t the age than a prison
accustomed, with detention in rooms, the
limitation mail and food, with the bars,
the barbed wire, walls of enclosure and
the armed guard .
Theoretical, for the mintal alienated
escape, the guard needn’t to open the
fire. But try you to identify on a crazy of a
criminal of common law from personal of
harm. Of cours, the guard fired and like
cases were in progress.
Here was the age prisoner from 1956
Nikolai Samsonov, geofizician, laureate of
prize Stalin. Sent to asylum for a letter to
politburo,where he ask an exposure of
consistency of the a crimes of Stalin.
He categorically refused to exhibit”
criticize” and thus he was in the prison of
eight years.
The pacient are treatied after
administration goodwill: Injections,
maltreatments, plasing them in the room
of furious pacients. His health was
deteriorated definitively: The heart, the
 14

liver, the bread-basket all – breaking

down, by the side effect of the psihotrope
medicines.
Extremely insistent the age the treaty in
last year, one rumoured as coming some
indications in his respect.
As” treatment of the angries”, better
saied, of penalization, there was three
used middles. Former: Aminazina. Of
habit, after her administration, the man
drop in a drowsiness, plunged in a state
of brutify and don’t else know what
expense happened with he. Of the second
folows the sulfazina or the sulphur which
aroused a pain in the awful, a fever and
violence, the temperature come to 40-41
of degrees and last for- three days. Of
third the range” the enswathement”. For
a certain fault, the prisoner was swaddled
gathers, from feet to the armhole, with
this sheets ruled or bands of tent canvas,
diped afloat. Becaning dry, the cloth
contracted,arousing a harg ache and a
burn in all the body. Of habit, unlucky
very soon losed his knowledge and
nurses indebted his witout supervise. If
he losted the knowledge the weak
enlargement from the pressure of the
buttocks, leaved to come back thereto
the age swaddled again. The procedure
was used of some either.
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Abovestairs superior of first block of flats,

in fifthe section ,here there
were”cacciocavallos” - rooms with lining
with rubbers, wherethrough mad angries i
to don’t breaks head hit of walls. In these
rooms the peoples were prisoners in hole
isolation, empty the rifle and, is said,
were beated cruelly. Don’t just so yore.of
yore, were killed one of the crazy, braking
the column.
Certainly, nobody guilty, the murdered
were erased from evidence – the nads be
always of the fault.
The danger quarrel glide about our
heads. With minim opportunities, one
lissen to nurses and the guardians:” What
darling, he did the longings of pression?”.
A date prescribed, injectiond of amilazina
there werei administrated automatically,
many times forgeting else be suspended.
And therewere so much injections that no
the needle don’t the maul can be jabed at
buttocks.
Keep in mind, found oneself in a day in
the cabinet of physiotherapy, for they
warm the tonsils - the date be the
humidity from Leningrad, my tonsillitis
the chronicle he aggravated and had the
temperature. Straw, here, I entered into
the surgery and saw a fantastic view. On
tens of banquettes lied stretched some
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which peoples exposed the empty

bottoms to the lamps of heatings. Them
buttocks were as wood, so that don’t else
entered the needles and have to dips
them the brawn, were trated again.
The jokes and the terible jeer wherewith
they were trated as the invalids becoming
a kinds of must.
In another block of flats the elder room
among about 10 persons, found out a
young of 19 years, one named
Sapronovici. Have the butterflies saddles,
scilicet: He have to distroy the world from
Occident, in forerank America. He press
always imaginary buttons, be positive as
to lans rockets with nuclear fuse.
To blow up us The America aerially! To kill
on Kennedy!”, he kry, pressing the
buttons. I don’t know why have no eyes
to see on Kennedy.
Sapronovici, kry the one mentally whole,
come here! He forgets a true button,
press! And they indicated a button from
near door, wherewith were called the
nurses and the guardians.
Gradually, he was accustomed to this
button, so that he wached the day near
door and press always. The guardians
they bored to all gives the run to these
false signals and frecvently punished him,
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made him injections and other punitions -

all only that hadn’t no an effect.
The autumn, Kenedy was assassinated.
His tyrants of Sapronovici can’t drop the
occasion to joke of him. They brought it
the newspaper with the communication
about assassination of Kennedy.
What you say, Sapronovici, such did
lambskin? Now you are jealously. For the
time being the assass in found, he is so
don’t shall you find out you longtime to
shalter, have to catch you, wherethrough
all the world knows pressed on buttons.
Sapronovici was affrieded, he shaked. An
whole stood gavozdit abed, covered the
feather across head with blanket. Don’t
raised no to dine, do not rise his head
from under blanket. Result the surprising
age. Sapronovici near as he becoame
sane from the maul feel like to press on
some button.
A numerous group there were the
persons who tried to make ones way to
different embassies from Moscow. The
soviet plebeian peoples thinked, as some
naive, as it is suffice to age enter the
embassy therefrom shall you transport
you, secretly, across the frontier.
Therewith were much more complicated.
No a law don’t forbiden to enter in a
embassy. How to judge?
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The Latvian fled Letonia still from the

soviet invasion of their country. In all
this lived and worked, as charger and and
he upreared. But they arrived and in The
Australia the rumors about ”soviet un
frosin” the heart l he drew it home, to see
how a maul a duke a citizens from came.
With the family,they let smb in it SSSR
without any difficulty. But when and he
realized what he means” wanted to”,
leaves again in wanted. Consisted as just
backward don’t else he can. Don’t he
looked after to obtain australian
cytizenship and lived there as a citizen of
Latvian, with his old identity card from
Latvinia, chiefly as the Australian don’t
ware about of kind of pass they have. Or,
here,in SSSR it is another story: The
Union Sovietque don’t recognaised
Latvinia. And citizen Pintan,he brought to
knowledge as the in all this time were the
citizen of SSSR,without as the he to
suspect this thing. Pintan not at all
apprehend a thing so a simple,made
row, seek to makes ones way to the love
the Australian Embassy,for this therefor
he recived aminazina.
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Preface
Without some as us and he can and
without evidences like these kind on
which we present them in this book, in
the Roumanian pschiatry burn be the
silence for, just as underline an
apologist,” the communist teacher from
psychitry were so generoses and of an
apodictic professionalism”, and in our
psychiatry needn’t the changed nothin.
Although I seem a paradox, our work is a
true samizdat, for it appears in a
psyhyatric world conservative, but which
no don’t he detached of the communist
dogmata, and who guarded ideological
”purity” before guard thhis and today,
handling with big ability the communist
tactics of the forms without backgrounds
(using for instance DSM, but without did
advert to the ideological bases of of
american psychiatri.
Our work is as and samizdat and for
wherethrough a group of psychiatrists
recusants, find out as and before on
same pozitions( I no refer from just to
hierarchy) and in an atmosphere of
adversitaty and of the monopoly of can,
try to compose a „White book” of the
communis troumanian psychiatry and do
 20

this thing defying the management the

job of the „teacher”, quotient and of some
who carry requiring as belong to new
democrats, but which” they bit already
from power boun, thereto incite coveted
as a matter of fact, the Roumanian
retrogressive psychiatry, retrogressive
scientifically and institutional, and it need
still for many years carries gangrene of
old nomenclatures, causing to use else
that” ministry of the rue” and organizing
real institution of intellectuals coruption,
whereat ally don’t except” the teacher”,
but and all the profiteers, former
executioner from old psichiatric
organization.
But to expound firstly on colleges from
another medical specilitati, carry look as
on some bizarre the fight from the bosom
of the psychiatry, although they are
forgoten as decades in a row the
psychiatry deliver the communist leaders
and many communist propagandists , as
if this thing the age a reserved area just
for the psychiatry. Came really his
weather we ask ourself,why?
Very frecvently the doctors of another
specialties ask for what in psychiatry
arise t a such the dispute, while in
another medical specialties the problem is
 21

put were or a good specialist( although

the thing don’t stand throughout such).
In psychiatry, only that, practise the
profession presuppose don’t merely the
of a accumulation biologic or biochemical
knowledges, how he is as a rule the case
of somatic medicine, but here need and
a solid knowledges of psychology,
sociology, religion and just of philosophy,
carry added the biologic knowledges( the
psychiatry remaining all the some uptown
the medicine).
From these reason, in psychiatry, just as
we shall see on way of our work,
synonymies of masters from the medical
specialties here appeared political
activists whom zhe communist party he
traced the task to created a „socialist
psychiatry”, opposed to the western
psychiatry, which they nominate in
witticism ” the bourgeois psychiatry.
Fancy a such absurdity among medically
predicament, such as cardiology the
surgery?
From these reason, the communists
considered the psychiatry as the one a
battlefield logic, in which” the emanation”
of marxism philosophically had to
struggle and to gain the dispute with the
bourgeois concepts: the psychology and
the sociology unmarxist, which the
 22

psychiatry from Occident has been

adjudicate after a long road of
development of many humanist sciences,
don’t merely of logical essence or
biochemistry.
Today as the the psychiatry practicated in
communist Romania - maugre the
ideological abuses and the scientifical
return were a normal development , and
this just kept error”of internal peace” or
on behalf of of a falsehood true fellowship
to be as good as ... reason a monstrosity
on just the sleep of faculty of reasoning
can it tolerate.
The socialist psychiatry” be due to
disappears unite with the waste and the
which nomenclature have based this and
as much from reason of morality, quotient
and from must. Prompt therefore
tolerance of our mates of actually
impervious to light of not transparent
public health minister, can led to good
this exhausted work, with and
persuasively.
But to look little around our.
Theyoung and romantic people of
revolutionaries i died in December 1989
with the farm conviction as in the
Romania the communism shall be
throwed to the ash-can of the history.
The rejection became for those moments,
 23

the faculty of reasoning of national

sacrifices. Only that, if in 1945 Stalin
communists ,thei knew as they cann’t
change a politic regimes from to can
communize Romania keeping the old
structures of the democratic state of the
bourgeois, passing immediately to the
administrativ defecation , the army,
politce, magistrated and academical
institutions revolutionaries from 1989 had
the simplicity believing just in the power
of moral revolution, which sprinkled
fulsomely with blood, believing naive in
”to become converted” of old
nomenclatura. Don’t only that they
deceived, but they deceived bitterly. ,
reason for which of so many years
Romania is floped still in the vane of
criptocomunism as malignant as the
oneself communism.
If in 1945 in our country had beenjust
about 800 of communist members, in
1989 the number of the real don’t seem
to is much more, for how else can explain
the of a pulverization of the repressive
system and of a” party of 4 millions of
peoples” in just some days.
But, as and in 1945, the cohorts of
profiteers and of devotees of a vulgar
materialisms they have corupted without
moral his ideological creed „they
 24

adapted” speedster, taking over toward

their young advantage the frangible
Roumanian society job. Became, clearly
as its don’t you else exist a process of a
communism, the point 8 from Timisoara,
as and the spirit of Timisoarei were
refused and insultate just in actually new
Roumanian Parlament , and foster poitical
prisoners , as and foster bolters they
carry away their martyrdom, while
revolutionars from December 1989
appear always as the figures contested,
puting in all back the current weights of a
country.
The old nomenclature puingt on the topt
again in the former leding pozitions,
passing froml communist fanaticism
slogans, wherethrough they assured for
theirself before, stray capacitance. , to
the all of a promotion ” a wild capitalism”
and of the booth, in order to
compromised the ideal of romanian
revolution from 1989.
But what he does the people, what I do
the majority, they carry burn must to
înlature to do away with with these
profiteers?
The people, carrying rearwards that
”psychological cage” from which came out
as any table themes of change, and
below communists or politic which does it
 25

on his man is a being atrophied their

sens of liberty, who knows for termagants
weather.
As and before, the people is encountered
power in his existence( unemployment,
undernourishment, pittances,
permanences the inflations) and
therefore, as and before, to give way to
any cheaply paternalism, to the
nationaliste tirades, to propaganda of
foster and prezent nomenclature, without
no the uneasiness, launched.
successfully the slogans” rescue people of
squirearchy and capitalists” feather to
ridiculous diversions, such as
culpabilization of foster political prisoners
, like Ticu Dumitrescu or Corneliu Coposu.
Is now really the status of
psychiatrychanged?
Not at all.
Be due to recognize, and the
communists have confirmed with power,
as the medicine never had the
independence of the political power,
among medically specialities,the
psychiatry be most of all dependented.
Due to its particular nature, the
psychiatry has always of faced ethical
problems of human essence , if I burn be
just to think us it is only medical branch
 26

auhorizated to society nstitutionalize a

person sometimes just constrainedly.
But then, the psychiatry disposes of very
vague frontiers, and the psychiatrist,
involuntary or voluntary, may utilize his
power in favour of freedom and of a
autonomy of persons.
The psychiatry gambles therefore and a
political role” assets, if we take the term
of politic in acceptiunea of the life
polisului”. Thus, if in the democratic
countries the rightful of extremists
never may use the psychiatry, in
communist Romania , as in SSSR, the
practise involved psychiatric ideological
factors and a part political opozition may
be labeled as holding on the area of the
psychiatry.
Is known concerning diagnosis criterion
in psychiatry, and between simple
symptoms psychopatologique or the
nonconformist behaviors and a true
clinical diagnosis exist a big discrepancy.
Thus, many bolters, subdued
persecutions and miscarriage of justice ,
living in a permanent stress, can present
some real psychopatological symptoms,
but they don’t may become therethrough
real psychiatric pacients and just for
political ration, of the nature of the
politics potentiated this thing.
 27

As and in another strong communiste

regims, in Romania, three particular
structures of the dictatorship have
constrained the limites of the psychiatry:
1. The totalitarian character of standed;
2. The busy place of to ideology in all
areas;
3. The visceral fear of the regime of don’t
misses the power and the privileges.
Thus, on aside, the individual have no
laws, and the party is only conceivably to
to arbitrate , inclusively considered a man
as a mad, and but then science the age
subdued - but that say the maidservant -
of the ideology. From these reason,the
psychiatry was indebted to participate
through all specific middles to mentain of
the power of the regime. Violence
exercised against everyone who don’t
can” frame” in community, just as this
age had recognize. of to party, and
abnormal,” the invalid” therefore was
defined through his character” asocial”,
atypically, reason for which the socialism
condemn on all one” eccentric persons”,
on all who think individual, all the
minorities( even religious or rock
groups.
Against among these individuals is shall
exercised a violences” aseptizated”, a
violences in” white gowns”, reasons for
 28

which” the normals” you show all more

with a zoo, the individuals geting all more
that” psychology cage” for which the
natural his age vote 99% for party and
the chief.
But the psychiatrist who shut up a
political didident under cover of the
schizophrenia or the paranoia involved in
the conscious way in the politics of
totalitarian state whereof wait as a
matter of fact certain which his attitudes
brings advantages. The apologists” of
socialist psychiatry” explained these”
peculiarities” of their papers through the
existence of a discrepancies” esentiof”
against bourgeoispsychiatry” ,like
western psychiatry practised in western
Europe. This underlay the rejection
without discriminations scientific
substantiation. and the psychological or
sociologic concepts which out of practice
in romanian psychiatry.
To Honolulu( 1977), General Anssable of
Psychiatric World Association consigned
only that, in frank way, the utilization”of
socialist psychiatry” as the weapon the
politics, and adopting the ollowing
resolution:” ), General Anssable of
Psychiatric World Association takes the
note of the abusive utilization of the
psychiatry in the politic aims and
 29

condemn these practices in all countries

waves practised, inviting vocationally
psychiatric organisations to gave up to
these practices and of killed them. The
Association disposes of numerous
evidences concerning the systematic
utilizations of the psychiatry in politic
aims in SSRR. Our delegate to this were
the communist and ideologist of the
Roumanian psychiatry V. Predescu,
politruc formed to Leningrad(
studentship and the doctorate), beside
his mate of studies in SSR. - Milea which
received for him to lead the
departamentul of infantile psychiatry. For
this reason,Roumanian authorities
reactions were identical with those of
SSR. Thus, for the external pressures the
invariable answers as they represent
blends” in the internal problems, and
concerning internal opozition or. answers
as the the attitude of condemn the
socialist psychiatry ”don’t make up than”
anticommunist agitation ”. Abuse were
denied as much in SSR like in romania.
Quotient and in România, and from
unfortunately, just oficial Roumanian the
maul denies today the psychiatric abuses
from the time of communist regime.
What happened only that now, after so
many years from breaking down of the
 30

communism, with one across 1. 000 of

Roumanian psychiatrists? Nothing, or so
that we are onest, the psychiatrists are to
unison with the country of feather in
1996, voting 99% for the communist
nomenclature.
Living in the fear and the terror from
past, the Roumanian psychiatrists( an
outside community partly effeminate),one
live and today, in freedom, this the
syndrome of” cage” below the
management of foster communist ”
teacher”, seed of one what they were
favorized just as the” generous and of an
apodictic professionalism”, waiting as
usually to don’t is happened the nought
in psychiatry.
The western psychiatry disposes of the
thing wherewith a Roumanian psychiatrist
formed to the communist school are
absent, accomodated with this ( chiefly
by reason of lack of psychological and
sociological knowledges, as well as
pursuant to new conquer biochemical).
There are in Occident a new guy of
institutions of treatment, carry burn
perturb completely the asyilum system
in which were treated mental patient in
the coimmunist period,and which are
presented now as the reform,and which
in practice is rejected by western
 31

psychitry. How to adjudge the Roumanian

all psychiarists these?
Isn’t really better as, supporting on the
old communist teachers( ptacticly the old
nomenclature), to maintain the old
organization and old vision. wherewith
the Roumanian psychiatry,of wich they
were accomodated already fishy 45 of
years?

Is seen just what outrages does the

reform in any area in which is puted in
question. And what if the roumanien
psychiatry shall remain still decades in a
row decrial . As to youth, he be rather
asked emigratory in West, his implication
is as voidness.
Writing this book wherethrough I felt as
our demarche learnt this time” in the
sense of the history” from just as the five
decades, when struggled just with the
windmills. Do it and today even if still a
psychiatric establishmentul is the same
(communist and hostile). Paraphrasing a
biblical stich, the true must shouted from
house top. , and if we don’t do then shall
it shout it the stones in our place.
The author asserts as the whole theory
concerning competence of the old
nomenclature and the high level” of the
Roumanian psychiatry from the
 32

communist while is a fib, and the ethical

abuses from pasts became a tragedy of
which actuala psychiatry is due to
purified.
Doing from psychiatry the maidservant of
repressive system, oficials of the today
psychiatry did and do an hystorical error,
don’t merely against of a medical branch,
but also of a roumanien nation.
Participating as official to the psychiatric
repression , they were submissive
instruments of a ” criminal organization”
create of to the communist state,
phenomenon on which the history don’t l
the maul known

But what he does the people, what they

had did to carry burn must to brush away
on these profiteers?
The people, carrying rearwards that
”psychological cage” from which came out
as any table themes of change, and
below communists which does it on his
man is a being to atrophied their sens of
liberty, who knows for termagants
weather.
As and before, the people is encountered
power in his existence( unemployment,
undernourishment, pittances,
permanences the inflations) and
therefore, as and before, resigning of any
 33

paternalism cheaply, of the nationalist

tirades , of the simple maul shuntings
propagandist of foster and actual
nomenclatures , without no the
uneasiness, launching successfully the
slogans” rescue people of squirearchy and
capitalists” feather to ridiculous
diversions, such as culpabilization of
foster political prisoners as Ticu
Dumitrescu or Corneliu Coposu.
Is really some changement in psychiatry?
Not at all.
Be due to recognize, and the
communists have confirmed with power,
as the medicine never was independently
of the political power, among medical
specialities the psychiatry be most the
dependency. Due to his particular nature,
the psychiatry has always of faced ethical
problems of human essence, if I burn be
just to think us as she is only medical
branch auhtorized to the society to to go
to hospital a person sometimes just
constrainedly.

Thus, on aside, the individual have no

laws, and the party the are the only
which arbitrated, inclusively considered
who is a mad ,and but then science the
age subdued - but that say the
maidservant - of the ideology. From these
 34

reason the psychiatry the indebted age

to participate through all specific middles
to mentin of the power of the regime.
Violence exercised against every one who
individual don’t can” frame” in
community, just as this age as defined of
the party, and abnormal,” the invalid” the
age therefore defined through his
character” asocial”, atypically, reason for
which the socialism condemn on all one”
eccentric persons”, on all who think else,
all the minorities( even religious or rock
groups.
Against multi among these individuals is
shall exercised a violences” aseptizata”, a
violences in” white gowns”, reasons for
which” the normals” you sow all more
with a zoo, the individuals geting all more
that” psychology cage” for which the
natural his age vote 99 for party and the
chief.
But the which psychiatrist intern a politic
maverick under cover of his schizophrenia
the paranoia involved in the conscious
way in the politics of totalitarian state
whereof wait as a matter of fact certain
which his attitudes brings advantages.
The apologists” of socialist psychiatry”
explicau these” peculiarities” of their
papers through aceea existentei of a
discrepancies” esentiof” against
 35

psychiatric” burgheza”, that is which

aceea practised in Occident. This underlay
the rejection without indiscriminate his
arguments stiintifice the psychological
concepts of sociological si from the
psychiatry româna.
To Honolulu( 1977), Adunarea Generala
Asociatiei Mondiof of consigned only that,
in frank way, the utilization” of socialist
psychiatry” as the weapon the politics,
adopting urmatoarea resolution:”
Asociatia Mondiala of Psihiatrie takes the
note of the utilization abuziva the
psychiatry in politic aims the si condemn
these practices in all countries waves
practised, inviting organizatiile
vocationally psychiatric gave up to these
practices and of killed them. Asociatia
disposes of numerous marturii concerning
the utilization the systematics of the
psychiatry in politic aims in S.U.”. Our
delegate to this were the communist
ideologist of the Roumanian psychiatry V.
Predescu, politruc a format to Leningrad(
studentship and the doctorate), beside
his mate of studies in S.U. - Milea which
received and he to” haiduceasca”
Departamentul of infantile psychiatry. For
this reason, reactiile Roumanian
authorities were identical with those of
S.U. Thus, the external pressures li of
 36

invariable answers as the they represent

blends” in the internal problems, and
opozitiei interns i answers as the the
attitude of condemn the socialist
psychiatry” don’t constituie than”
agitation anticomunista”. Abuzul were
denied as much in S.U., Quotient and in
România, and from pacate, just oficialii
Roumanian the maul denies today the
psychiatric abuses from the time of
communist regime.
What happened only that now, after
atâtia years from caderea of the
communism, with one across 1. 000 of
Roumanian psychiatrists? Nothing, or so
that we are sincere, the psychiatrists are
to unison with the country of feather in
1996, voting 99 for the nomenclature
comunista.
Living in the fear and the terror from
past, the Roumanian psychiatrists( an
outside community part feminizata) I live
and today, in freedom, one the syndrome
of” cage” below the management fostilor”
teacher” communists, seed of one what
they were favorizati just as the” generosi
and of an apodictic professionalism”,
asteaptând as usually to don’t is
happened the nought in psychiatry.
The psychiatry westerna disposes of the
thing wherewith a Roumanian psychiatrist
 37

format to the school comunista

accomodated( chiefly by reason of lack of
psychological his sociological knowledges,
as well as pursuant to noilor conquer
biochemical). Exista in Occident a new
guy of institutii of treatment, carry burn
confused completely the system azilar in
which complicated assistances psychiatric
in the period comunista, he who presents
now of the reform”, which in practice
reject it. How to adjudge the Roumanian
all psychiatrist these? Isn’t really better
as the, supporting on vechii teacher(
vechea the nomenclature), to maintain
vechea organization and vechile conceptii
wherewith the Roumanian psychiatrist he
accomodated already fishy 45 of years?
Is seen just what outrages does the
reform in any area in which is puted in
question. And what if the psychiatry
româna shall remain still decades in a
row condamnata. As to youth, he be
rather asked emigratory in Vest, his
implication is as and the voidness.
Write this book wherethrough I felt as our
demarche learnt this time” in the sense of
the history” from just as the five decades,
when struggled just with the windmills.
Do it and today even if still a psychiatric
establishmentul is same( communist and
hostile). Parafrazând a biblical stich,
 38

adevarul must shouted from acoperisurile

of the houses, and if we don’t do then
shall it shout it the stones in our place.
The author declare as whole theory
concerning competence of the
nomenclature and the high level” of the
Roumanian psychiatry from the period
comunista is a fib, and the ethical abuses
from pasts became a tragedy of which
actuala psychiatry is due to purified.
Doing from psychiatry the maidservant of
repressive system, oficialii the psychiatry
of today did and do an error istorica,
don’t merely against of a medical branch,
but also of a natiuni, natiunii Romanian.
Participating as official to the repression
psychiatric, they were docile instruments
of a of” organizatii criminals” create of to
the communist state, phenomenon on
which the history don’t l the maul known
an in the fascist state. And in his place is
them disgrace and to is is penitent, fostii
executioners, attack, indict, as if the
history s the maul can turn to
communism.
Their competence? To are seriosi. In what
area else promoted the communism the
competence? The folders of frames, zecile
of functii on line of party, the studies
from S.U. Or to” Stefan Gheorghiu”, these
erau the sources competentei” teacher
 39

generosi and of an apodictic

professionalism.
Started to alcatuirea this several works in
the beginning just an whole organisation
–(Association of Free Psychiatrists from
Romania (A.F.P.R.), but, below the of a
former management politruci, organizatia
capotat lamentable. On goed through,
many saw as from this guy of activity
don’t can drawn on altii he caught it the
fear speriindu of the gesture on which the
age almost to do.
Can say all the some as the the work
reflect the viewpoint of adevarului and at
least of the spirit in which he formed
Asociatia Psihiatrilor Liberi from România.
Subdue the phenomenon of psychiatric
abuse from of a România theoretical
analyses the si in what priveste his
methods practice. Adversitati of all the
kind were his don’t solved, but most were
of passed over the fear, the fear the
permanence of persecutii, greaua the
burden treason of the leaders Asociatiei
Psihiatrilor Liberi. Hundreds of cases of
psychiatric abuses arrived at we, they
were hidden with the care, as and the
folders Securitatii. Gradually, the
enthusiasm disclosed cases of attenuate
abuses the si monstruoasa coalition”
format between fostii executioners the
 40

actually si drive Asociatiei Psihiatrilor

Liberi, an elite of now” realised”: with
functii professorial, visits abroad platite of
altii( vechea obsession of the Romanian
comparabila just with the obsession for
salami), in office access to,” esteem and
consideratia” of the elite comuniste etc.
Through these adversitati consideram the
work as the be completa, but and as the
a bonus bresa in cetatea of the fib and
incompetentei.
Tartorii the psychiatry comuniste am still
in force, holding and today all the trumps
can. So what one several conducatori
corrupted whereof spoke the by-path
today singurii interlocutors have the
ministry, have strainilor carry else come
on to we and in chief have but their,
singurii guests have the reunions
internationof, waves begone without no
penniless from propriul pockets and
where, the faces, burn represent the
Roumanian psychiatry.
Like before, Occidentul swallows
everything passive, from his laziness
dezinteres, becoming thus very easy the
victim of the offensive celor wagons took
his power ţin afterwards in psychiatry.
But, au fond, how he says and Pofr,
wherefore I burn be due to wonder us?
Really Ceausescu received from western
 41

most high titles from he walked to Londra

with the calash gală? Whence to know he
as these sincere(“ colleges” him, his big
scientists state sefi have Occidentului). et
al as the we shall be always the stone of
poticneala these old the new si “profitori”
have the psychiatry, have acelora carry
opposed oricarui progress of our branchi.
Pastraveni - Jud. Neamt, 20 the July
1993.
P. S. Through the shifting of for to
wording to publication, a succesion of
events are today depasite( for instance
the of a certain busyness finctii), and a
succesion of tartori communists
exemplificati left for” Câmpurile Elizee”.
Faptele them also situatiile described
remain for history, reason for which this
work don’t can them eclipse.
The Piatra Neamt, 2005.
 42

…………………………

Chapter I
IDEOLOGICAl ABUSE OF POLITICS IN
PSYHIATRY
The communist ideology, in the how
much dominated as state asserted,
permanently primordialit of politics in all
social areas of scientific life. This were
else striking in the psychological scientific
area , the psychiatry be one of these, the
diofctic materialism supporting as the
psyche is just epifenomenon of a matter,
of the brain, ideologists of the party
achieving this as though the psyche burn
represent just a simple” this secretion”.
In actually contrast with the general
concept of matter, elaborated of Marx,
ideologists” of real socialism” in fact they
practised a vulgar materialism wich to
become „ intelligibly”, in the sense as the
psychic considered a product of a
biologic structures, alike how, for
instance, the ball is excreted of to liver.
Importance on which the communist
system assigned to the psychology and
his psychiatry is as political object and
had to control it politiclly also. From these
 43

reason the blend peoples politics in these

touched hard to imaginary quotas, the
psychiatry be in activists atention of party
and just the organs of repression of the
communist party.
Suffering only that of true amnesia,
ideologists of the communism are
shocked just today of any notion of
reform of the Roumanian psychiatry
which they take possesion destroied this
boldness is with as much else
temerarious. with how much in this her
frame invoke no more, nor less than the
danger” of the blend of politics” in
psychiatry, supporting simply as the the
psychiatry were an psychiatry in which
politicul don’t the involved age.
Asserting the indifferentism of the
communist psychiatry, they commit in
fact a new mystification, challenging in
this frame a premeditativeconfusion.
Seting oneself against. just now to” the
interference” of politics in psychiatry, they
are refered in tendentious way to” big the
politics” - to the politics of party - on
which just the mixed communism in all
sectors of social and scientific.
But struggle which given today in
psychiatry don’t regard the politics of
parties problems., but the politics of the
psychiatry, the professional argue
 44

participation to debate, of the problems

of his profession , which were more
overdone of his age. Proposing” political
indifferentism”of psychiatrists and
asserting” the impurity” of politics, they
in fact shall to reserve, as and before,
the preservation ” of the elite” of
communist teachers.
As a matter of fact, the communists
originate here just a confusion of guy
orwelian( the fib is the truth and the truth
is the fib), a terminological confusion
between the politics of the psychiatry and
big politics of parties.
Maugre the fact as the the communist
ideology departs from philosophic
concepts appeared abaft with across 150
of years, ideologists marxts asserted
always as the on this base can formulate
all the social or scientific laws,and this
thing l does it for all the times. The area
of psychic phenomenon constituted for
the marxist ideology a true privileged
area, reason for which the psychology
and the psychiatry became branch with
deep ideological implications of their
politics”. Assertion of psiche materiality
represents one from the fundamental
dogma for communist ideology, this were
the reason for which were invaded of
ideological superintendence,
 45

surchargement with activists of

communist party,were closely oversee of
the Securitatea.
But just as I have else showed, defying
just the marxist concept of matter,
aparatciki from psychiatry and psychology
sufficed it to achieved” the materiality” of
the psyche in the likeness of to most
vulgarian. , and the complaint psychic law
like an epifenomenon, binded just of the
modifications of the physics, of the
chemistry and the anatomy of the brain,
without no connexion with his society or
human psychology. A such vision”
sufficed it to” achieved normality of the
psyciatric pathology except in the terms
positive stienceses(chemistry, physics,
biology) certainly and these just on the
strength of interpretations of the ideology
marxiste. The normality or patology
become now for the uneducated politrucs
subjects” on their understanding” on the
strength of a simple materialistic
interpretations, to the level of the
mechanic, this were as a matter of fact
dumped it engine of sovietic mystification
staged of Stalin as an artificial building
,logical and which in took the form”
pavlovian principle,” looking neurological
stiences, as materialist logical building
,view as materialist, became in fact
 46

compulsory conception oficial, enforced

to marxist”teachers”. Many like these
teachers one come from the studies from
S.U., and who automaticly they received
the management of the chair of
psychiatry adults or children, had as the
the task to underlie.” the materialistic
concept” named also the concept clinico-
biological, a simplistic building applied in
the somatic medicine fishy 100 of years,
realized to the level just biologic
knowledges, if you please, to the level of
classic German psychiatry from the years
1905 - 1920, but with a deep
materialistic remaking, accordance,in
accordance to the ideology of communist
party.
This kind of ideologization were entered
in our psychiatry don’t through scientific
arguments or pursuant to of a debate
among professionals, but just through
administrative made to order methods,
through the menace with vindicatory
middles, through the exploitation of
hierarchy, obtained from communist
party of to the studies from S.U.. In this
kind the frames sovietique became a
realadevarata” the five column” in the
psychiatry and in the Roumanian
psychology. Some, for them show their
atashement, even changeing even their
 47

name( Popescu-Neveanu from Neva).

These staff had the mission as
unconditionatly to adopt in psychiatry”
the mission revolutionary” which ask
them communist leaders of the party or
their row to KGB, wherethrough in the
sense” of the class struggle” to distoid old
Roumanian psychiatry, such burgeois
psychiatry, alike how proceeded in the
age communist with the literature, the
law, the economic and phylosophic
concepts of Romania.
Finaly. these shares had to buildinf” the
socialist Roumanian psychiatry”.
Passing to the such achievement
”hystorical ”missions, the psychiatric
departament of psychiatry from
Bucharest medical university, were,
decimated in 24 of hours, and an officers
from Red army, of romanian citizenship
(as a matter of fact a spy), Ipolit Derevici
took, in receptionand take the lead of
the big maul psychiatrc hospital from the
country, traveling defiantly monthes of
days in his grotescue uniform of Russian
officer.
Isn’t of wonder as in first years had a
”people democrasy” guided after the
sovietic psychiatry underdeveloped and
already comunized, the style”
scientifically” rudimentary stalinist
 48

become for the Roumanian psychiatry

compulsory norms. Here for illustrate, on
way just same pages, with its sovietic
bibliographic references of V. Predescu
(Psychiatric lessons, Bucharest 1967):
Molohov, Davidovski, Ganuskin,
Vvedenski, Fedorov, Orbeli, Anohin,
Baritasvili, Kupalov, Yubravili, Suhareva,
Krasnuskin, Lisetokovski, Popov,
Slucereski, Gurevici, Nicolaev.
Who else heared a little about these”
soviet celebrities? In the respective
chapters,that theachers instruct the
students like in S.U., shared the dowry”
scientificly” wherewith caming to from big
S.U.
Here a sample of academic affirmations”
to one of the chapters (psychogenies):
” in the area psychogenies endure still
current metapsihologique, they be
supported of the devotees freudismului,
neofreudismului, Adler and Jung”, but
which, manifestly, in Romania don’t can
be readed, it has been a penal delicts. Or
still more farther away:” The utility of
basic notion of pavlovist vision, in the
mechanism illnes apparitions, puts to the
base of understanding these, beside the
evolutionismului theory darwinist, the
complex evolutionist in the medicale
 49

pathology ,at large, and in psychiatry, in

chief”.
Eighteen years in S.U. and in the spirit of
his psychiatry, reward for his facts don’t
except with the job professorial, but and
with one of ministerial director ,
parleamentary deputy, Party secretary of
University of Medicine, pro-rector,
psychiatric departament boss from
ministry, boss of the committee of
psychiatric legal expertiza - stop us here
-, therefore, with so much motivation,
what i can prompted of a such man of to
party or KGB wherethrough he to the
style were quick enforced in psychiatry -
don’t with arguments, carry arguments?,
But through administrative middles,
whole psychiatry carrying the seal
”master” and then continued, yesterday
and today, of to his leals - Ionescu G.,
Romila,Milea St, Nica Udangiu etc.

PSYCHIATRIC ABUSE- theoretical

premiSe.

For understanding of the role played of to

psychiatry in the communist totalitarian
system is necessity elucidated two
essential problems scilicet: The structure”
of socialist morals” and relationship of law
in the communist system,second
 50

secondarily, the theoretical postulates

which he based the construction” of
socialist psychiatry,which became then a
psychiatry of the abuse and stood a
totalitarian.

The moral and socialist rightfull

relationship.

Peradventure nobody explained else clear

the role of the psychiatry in the
Roumanian society than he takes
possesion Ceausescu. Thus, in 1968, with
the occasion of the opening of the
universitar year, asserted in frank way:”
Exist really one which the maul can
believe as in Romania of today I burn else
beaforces able his menace the socialist
system? I think not else exist. No
colectivists peasant, nor the workpeople,
nor intellectuals, nobody don’t else can
enable to doubled of the solidity and
forces the socialism. Certainly, the maul
exist madman, and mad exist throughout
in world, but for these our society has at
command all necessary middles,
inclusively the shirt of force.
There was clear from the expression of
the dictator as in the socialism except
mad the maul can be the mavericks
 51

politics, but for they the socialism

prepared own - the shirt of force.
First the which problem he rebounded
and about constituted claim of the
communist ideology built us society” and
on this the base us the moral”.
Therethrough her autocredentials they
considered in his law all intermigle the
principles of the moral and the rightful
norms recognized of to the civilised
society and od history. Isn’t the word
here of what they nominated” burgeois
ethics”,the universality of the law and,
chiefly, of those concerning human right,
principles whereat he arrived after a long
and difficult road of the history( from the
civil law, feather to the principles of the
christian ethics and of conquest
humanists from last centuries.
Starting from the marxist concept, as per
whom” the property is a robbery”, the
ideology pounded at the sacred law of
man to dignity, feather to his in a
transformation insignificant truckle
collective, the massle, an abstract
concepts of cabinets, on behalf of a
utopian ideal of colectiv happiness.
If theologians acomplished the evil
outside of deathful, the communists
insisted as the this found out by all
means” in future”, and no from future
 52

nobody don’t he turned to confirmed the

bad utopia of the communism.
For communist the socialism had to
mean only a new moral, that is new
principles in which had to framed the
future these society principles follow,
after the communist ideology, on the
strength of the research of the marxist
phylosophy, whom concepts had across
150 of years.” The moral principles” don’t
acomplished owing to of a internal
transformations of individual in contact
with” most right society”, but inversely,
the individual, artificially, had to”
correspond” to principles of the
phylosopher of now 150 years feather to
the stage when he was becvame a hight
”new man”.
In order to passed in even the social this
practice of the mystification, the regime,
carry underwrite through Securitatea of
the power perpetuate, puting in operation
don’t just electioneering his middles
economic middles, but chiefly prisons,
torture, the domination society of to
Securitate and the party, activists and,
toward our unhappiness, of the
psychiatry assigned an important role.
That is why the utilization of the
psychiatry in politic aims in Romania have
not to are doingble just as the a simple
 53

particular supererogations of some

executioners which Roumanian they sold
the consciousness. This phenomenon
represents rather the Roumanian
metastasis of the communism, coming
from from S.U. Feather in the China,
Cuba or Vietnam the problems of the
psychiatry remained the same in socialist
cantries. Only that, as in any building of
cabinet,” us the moral” had to miscarry,
and she stranded lamentable when the
repressive system from which are doing
entered into colaps.
Thus, rejecting the private property and
builting on this the new base the
colectivist morality, the communist
ideology consider in utopian way the
socialism as the benefied of gradually
decrease don’t merely criminality, and
number of mental complaints, because all
these had the substratum in” the private
property”. As a matter of fact, the
phenomenon evolved not at all after
these theoretical gradually falacy,
although this thing don’t stop to assert as
the neuroses, for instance, I slenderize
the socialism, even if therefor tricking the
statistics.
Cult of the people”, as and promotion
matter individual drove to rightful
aberrant principles, just as I burn be:
 54

Principled adherences whole people to

socialism, the superiority of the socialism
and goed implacable of every societies
toward socialisms.
The socialist moral assert abnormally
voidness of antagonistic conflicts in
socialisms, reasons for which the
pluralism and just simple dissidence was
outsider of the socialism, they erau”
impossibly” as much in theory, quotient
and in the practice. From these reason in
socialism don’t the age the place for
opposition, thisabeen unable be entered
than is extrinsically - as the export of
counter-revolution -, is inland, case in
which can be accepted just as the
epifenomenon of the mental these
pathology named aberations with the
term of” we principles” of socialist society
put the right ahead of a science problems
on which the humanity don’t le the maul
known, and the ethics were due to
subordinated this new morals and to
considered as opposition his religion
politics as the doing the part from
psychopathology. The psychiatry, as a
matter of fact, a medical sciences, the
age fortata of his ideologists argue the
dogma inexistent political oposition to the
statement of the organs of repression and
to accredit the idea as the this
 55

phenomenon than the complaint

psychiatrical.
If this thing the age achieved from ethical
viewpoint the legal si, a psychiatrist don’t
a maul had to to camouflage a violations
of the ethics of the craft, for if this have”
consciousness the politics”, he the age, in
the vision of the party, party activist in
his area of activity( the psychiatry). This
indoctrination embeded hurries off in
consciousness prepared spiritual
psychiatrist became the collaborationist,
for here what declare an which
psychiatrist these corespond of criterion(
M. Piticaru, Dimineata, 1992):” but why
to isn’t the politic his religious an ill bolter
psyche”.. reason for which their lift from
in the street with the occasion diferent
events comuniste appear this”
psychiatrist” as the logic, the psychiatrist,
just as assert he, be in socialism” the of a
agent social orders date.
The psychology and the psychiatry be
dicipline with ideological implicatii, erau in
fact an expression particulara a diofctic
materialism. Now the clear age as the the
party and the security can behave as on
propriul them area, even without
bareback else I consult on specialist.
In this frame I taken down relations
among psychiatry and dissidence the
 56

politics, as well as the theories politizante

of which psychiatrists helped the security
and the communist these party concepts
in the totalitarian state became
compulsorily, be enforced on path
administrativa. Dumped thus the very
many psychiatry behaviors faceable as
the politic papers( socialist or religious
propaganda which in the years ‘50 - ‘60
censure them on the strength of the
penal code of the communist). Dar very
frecvently these controversial papers can
be and simple invention or interpretations
of Securitatii.

////////////////////////////
Theorizing a succesion of marxist
principle the si through their adhibition in
area, ideologists of the party arrived at
mistaken the compliant assertion which
except the capitalism and the private
property burn be bring about and
explanation of criminal behavior, as a
reaction against social injustices.
In the socialist society on the contrary,
the still more selected crime as opposition
the politics against communism don’t can
owe than influentelor externally or of a
mental unbalance. This thing shall explain
the permanence” attention” political
police against from this organization the
 57

si feather to the which problems tineau of

his diagnoses of treatments. From these
reason the psychiatry shall be overloaded
of party activists and of contributors have
Securitatii, thus appearing that the which
conducted yesterday, but and today, the
problems of Roumanian psychiatry.
Merely through the delinquent
reeducation, as part as collective of his
labor in the units of reeducation of the
guy prison from these Pitesti politic
deviatii can be solved. If no after
reeducation the bolter don’t linistea” and
chiefly if act again against the regime,
this be than from two reason: Either the
age agent of of a alien powers, either an
incurable madmans. From these reason,
the psychiatry the politics from framed a
lot of” recidivists” with activity the politics
in the hospitals psychiatric.
If in S.U., below his influence Snejnevski,
utilized a diagnosis a veiled maul - the
latent schizophrenia, in România, his
pupils Snejnevski
(Predescu, Milea) you utilize diagnoses
much more, such as the paranoid his
schizophrenia the paranoia. Is known as
the western psychiatrists recognized
never as the entity scientificly the
schizophrenia had. Ideation against
persisted in, these represent for
 58

executionersi of Roumanian psychiatry a

pathologic behavior of paranoid guy.
Result in practice as the in socialism
except the conformists can aspire after
the normality. If in many strong
comuniste Securitatea îsi assure only,
directly the control over of the stages of
the internment, in Romania the
cooperation among psychiatrist and
securist the such age of gathered, that
the repression psychiatric drop most
frecvently just in the task psychiatrist
from ambulatory his from hospital.
This” confidence” Securitatii from
Romania in” colleges” psychiatrists arise
from logically from legislative evolution
from Ordinance 12/1965, in which the
main role in the compulsory internment
detinea an organ of repression, to
Ordinance 313/1980, in which near whole
responsibility come back to psychiatrist,
this with or without becoming an
instrument of an organs of repression
from as the particular, but through
appointement to as part as standed the
communist.
Us the moral”, with the assertion of
infallible socialism of invincible caused to,
is put in the such practice repression
”aseptic”, that is a pure medical
repression, in order to certain to
 59

camuflage facet of of the regime of

repression, succeeding thus to târasca
the Roumanian psychiatry on the road
celei the big maul mystifications and
violations of the medical ethics.
Is put the question if justify just for the
psychiatrists subalterns of the
nomenclature, the constrained repressive
character of bear off the ethics psychiatric
and, au fond, from the medical ethics?
Really the which danger pândea on the
psychiatrist non-conformist the age so
destructive?
Personnel, after near 40 of years of
experiences, disbelieve this thing. The
absence loyalty among professionals,
desires of succeed or got a some a
sprockets in hierarchy, just the necessity
of silence and of have no the difficulties
represented rather motivations most
plausible. No reduction of answer - on
reason as the, au fond, boss of carry
conduct the action ask - constitute a solid
arguments. Experience of the nazy
process from Nürenberg believe as is
edifying in this area. Is can really ranking
the responsability asserted as guilty by-
pathes just Predescu, Milea, Ionescu,
Romila or Grecu and why, in the last
resort, don’t just Ceausescu?
 60

The attempt created a new the moral and

we rightful principles, often stranded
principled the si in the practice sociala
after half of century of were, realised as
ca and heartbreak, as social experiment.
To examinam therefore don’t artifices
propagandist concerning” us the socialist
moral, but adevaratele results of the
experiment of social communist
engineering. Three problems from this
area ni seemed else important, the
psychiatry be here deep implicate:
The social communist engineering;
B. The institutionalization of the fib and
double standard;
C. The transformation of in a psychiatry of
the maidservant of the regime and the
repressive system of the communist.
The social communist engineering.
Whole the age comunista, all the same
of his area represented, a permanent
social experiment, a permanence an
attempt of social engineering, but don’t
except in psychiatry. Through this
constrained process the psychological
limits the biologic si of man, he tried
his permanence modeled accordance.in
accordance to some ideological
antichristic principles specify the
communism: The class hatred, the
 61

atheism, the creation new man, the

exercise of the hatred permanernte.
Peradventure nothing he don’t appears
else striking for the social communist
engineering than such the experiment
from Pitesti, an experiment, carry in
degrees and different intensities is shall
applied to the whole scof this became
in a true facts fields concentrational
and, wherefore became, a true
universe of teror what applied to the
whole level of socialist camp.
The phenomenon of social engineering
applied in brutal way in the prison from
were extensive in different degrees to
the whole strong level, apelându to
coercive permanent methods,
generatrix tremulously - unsafety in
proportion of table, the disloyalty celor
approach, oricarui prop up or possibility
of appeal - through conducted shares”
scientifically”: the fear of
reorganization, of delation,
permanence runs after his another
good minimum which foods assure the
existences, the lack of sanse in
competition but that are the conformist
etc. Even if the Pitesti phenomenon
argumenteaza the fragility human
conditions in contact with bad( for all
 62

one submissive reeducation to Pitesti

gave in the feather to the trace),
ambition had the adhesion totala to the
deistic visaed au fond the identification
with the aggressor, the transformation
of the victim in executioner( at least
his delator a such time-serving act on
so a big the duration of led to the deep
modifications of personality man.
The poverty generalisation, the
famishment the chronicle appear us
today as the deliberate shares of of
communist system, as methods for
subjugation of human person, the
forcible so and in carceral conditions to
is preocupiedc merely of existence the
physics. The totalitarianism, through
economic dependency, educationala,
the check rezidentei and just of
nasterilor( with the image stood the
father”), have as the unique aim don’t
except monopartidismul, but and the
check spiritual life in the aim
infantilizarii individual and
therethrough his leverage.
Really a such mechanism to explain
multiplele ahead cessions of the
oppressor, among which the si the
cooperation psychiatrist with the power
the politics?
 63

To Pitesti, as and outside society, don’t

the continuation just an adhesion
formala, superficiala and the
opportunist against communism, but
adevarata a mutation psihica, change it
a personality, that is just what
currently numeste social engineering,
an act of” wash the brain”, an act a
murderess specify a regimes of the
existing dictatorship in the history of
the humanity. This the act the
continuation in fact transform it
forceslor adverse in sustinatori maked
sure have the communism, as a matter
of fact adevarata” mutation” logică.
From pacate, in this communism
phenomenon have the character of
table, and to all one submissive Pitesti”
reeducation” gave in the feather
became they took possesion
executioners.
Morally, result reeducation comuniste
echivofaza with a degradation totala,
and the deformations caracteriof they
maintained and appeared just outwards
the shuntings of repression and,
wherefore don’t, even alive familiala or
personala. This thing, liniază D. Bacu,
dovedeste as the modifications
temperamental suffered as part as the
 64

communist totalitarian system were

extravagantly deep the si, for this
reason, very durable.
The insanity colectiva appeared as the
result of the social engineering were
keeped in the years of the communism
systematically of to adevarati masters
in the art dezumanizarii, and the
victims, in the case of the psychiatry,
were as much the patients, quotients
and the psychiatrists.” The fright
indescriptibila”, how numeste M.
Popescu, the social cult of the fear and
unsafety caused frequently as the his
victims identified, for instance, with
politia the politics and with
executionersi of the regime. As and in
the case of the experiment Pitesti,
subalimentatia the chronicle populatiei,
the permanent stress erau the
background on which petreceau those
ideological which shuntings had tou to
lead to the creation” new man”. Victima
and the executioner erau to Pitesti all
through unite. In society unite with we
erau always the party activist, the
informer, the methods of obedience
and delatiunea, these caning appear of
anywhere and anytime. As much to
Pitesti, quotient and outside socialist
 65

society the individual can be anytime

delivered the appearance
executionerslor saddles - the case of
psychiatric abuse be just one particular,
the individual be in all the deprived of
cases the internal supports through
confusedrea moral values the religious
si, his spiritual state be due to is in a
permanence the panic.
Thatis why in prison, as and outside
society the faith in The God the one of
the age favorite tintele of of moral
destruction the which si for the
psychiatry abuziva decaming to reason
were etichetate as” the paranoia”. Daca
the individual have a faith religioasa or
a certain politic creed, this thing don’t
only that don’t the age accepts of to
the society comunista, but for the
psychiatry comunista they had tou to
become subjects of clinical diagnoses.
The cohesion umana, the friendship,
confide in figures protective, such as be
due to is for instance the doctor, had
tou to is systematic distruse. Don’t had
to to prop up you ahead the communist
system. For the aims of the party, the
friend had to denigrated, striked, the
psychiatrist had to to denunte or just
to torture the patient, through his his
 66

profession help the organs of

repression. The individual had to to
have thus the feeling” absolute
delivery”, characteristic phenomenon
just infantile his conditiei to animals(
Zamfirescu.
Can none else murderous in the
communist regime than the destruction
of the confidence and support
interpersonal, that is exact inversul of
the christian ethics. The individual
don’t had to to can trust in friends, in
doctors, not even in priest. He don’t
can fesă, don’t can associated nobody,
had to to appear alone ahead the
power, singura him reaction his trace is
just subdue. All these shares certify
fulsomely afirmatia as the below
communism have assisted in
permanence to an act of social
engineering, a brutal attack the
aggressive si of transform the in a man
the creation anticristica subdued the
laws of the materialism and which had
to to people this” empire of bad” which
the communism pregatea for whole
humanity.
The institutionalization of the fib and
life with double standard.
 67

The communist totalitarian inverted in

fact binds social evolutiei starting from
theoretical constructii from ideology, in
order to the manufactory on this the
base a society umana - a socialist
society the si comunista.
But achieved this thing burn be former
necessity of supernatural sacred
powers, while the communists
alungasera of multa weather on The
God from the frame of the world. The
artificiality actiunii and claim satanica
chiseled through social engineering,
alta an world - on the strength of the
of a previsions of which philosophers
traise with across 150 of years forward
led to the creation of the treacherous
maul totalitarian system, which system
have to the base the institutionalization
of of a fib realities with double
standards. From the socialist which
preoccupied utopia the humanity still
from his time Campanela, he arrived at
Stalin and Brejnev, he arrived at that
empire of bad the si suferintei
humanely, to a society of the a crime
and faradelegii.
This bad institutionalization is shall
done through coercive methods the si
shall contain all the spheres social life,
 68

all the phenomena of communication.

Like society, liniază existed, and we
lived in she and, from pacate, the maul
live.
Thus, the system of the fib
institutionalizate in communism,
through asiduitatea him urmareste the
defeat of natural repulsion of the si,
therefore, the dismission principalului
support of the self respect constiintei
freedom and dignity of the person.
Why don’t, this burn be former the si
situatia several celor which
psychiatrists they put in the service of
the dictatorship.
The institutionalization of the fib
începea only that as far back as tender
the childhood, when his father the
educators erau forciblei to say as the
labor cinstita can to create a life libera
and fericita, but in the same time the
obvious alive age the imminence, the
abyss among what spunea and the
reality sociala, which gradually the
child percepea. For this reason, the life
with double standard, the double life
apareau as the natural. Is learnt so he
is due to say adevarul, but as the be
due to accepts and the fib oficiala, that
is that unreality sociala on which
 69

oficialii of the regime had claim to

numesti a reality.
Continuum be in society comunista the
age subdued, therefore, of a double
standard, existing and be the
permanent his necessity accepts the
difference among perceperea reality
and what had to to is said. Sedintele,
the additions erau as a matter of fact
simple stage in which” actors” -
conducatori or drived - erau flawlessly
constienti of the mystification
adevarului.
He is logical as the a such system
institutionalizat to insensibilize the
individual feather to disparitia every
discrepancies among truthes and the
untruth. The psychiatrist
nomenclaturist,” programed” of to the
which party assure it an existences
privilegiata, don’t the maul have now
senzatia as mistaken, and permanence
duplicity constituia the fundamental
element of” noii socialist morals, print
elements the graces of permanent
system of education applied of a
enormous table of individuals on all
pathes, night and day. Bear off this the
conduct the age considerata as the a
misunderstanding a reality, as a
 70

misunderstanding of social a
phenomenon of the si, wherefore don’t,
the line” justly” the communist party.
From these reason, a lot of individuals
deveneau near involuntary bolters,
coming in conflicts with oficialitatile,
wherethrough ahead the official her fib
don’t can to deny an obvious truth. Big
majority individuals, in their fight the
permanence with the needs existentei
materials, deveneau gradually all more
fiinte duplicitare, achieving as without
duplicity don’t is can succeeded, at
least in the sphere relationship the
audience, because here express openly
and make sure mean exhibits you of a
destructive collisions with the
omnipresent authorities. But here,
liniază Flonta, most stricken they shall
be the persons înzestrate from the
nature with good abilities and with a
right character.
For big majority the attenuation
suferintei don’t are doing than through
resignation, through the acceptation
the indifference of public fib,
institutionalizate, I carry you envelop
gradually, completely the individual and
which of now he shall live in a world
whereof the propaganda shall say as he
 71

is singura carry allows the assertion

deplina the dignity individual and the
development libera the personality.
If on one sensitive atare a situation a
capable his age dishearten, for one
insensible - and how I burn can be
hight an which doctor îsi the torture
the patient this - thing devenea all less
sesizabil feather to totala insensibilize
against riverine, chiefly as the
therethrough they can obtains material
advantages, frequently in the damage
of their fellow creatures. This the age
decisive step in of a complet directia
integrations in systems from is
accidental as the, at least in psychiatry,
he who colaborau with the security
erau is secretaries of parties, is sefi of
sections, academic teacher, deputies M.
Rectors, director of his hospitals
policlinics.
In these cases, as a matter of fact, a
consciousness a lucid moral than to
uncomfortable, singura them
consolation be as burn exist altii and
else bad than so what as the as a
matter of fact else than to” live just as
deserve.
 72

Is conceivably as the the si the

psychiatrist tortionar ducea with he the
burden mistuitoare the fib
institutionalizate. How s be feeled the
which were did overnight academic
teacher, and in 1977, after the strike of
the miners from Vofa Jiului, shocked
the internment across 100 of miners in
the psychiatric hospital from the zone
in which activate?
Once entered into this games of
compromisurilor,” the teacher” don’t
you else denounce the psychiatric
abuse this si don’t except temporally
his age Ceausescu, but also today for,
recunoscându now the facts, risk the
whole crumbling careers. For this
reason, a such individual becomes the
champion întretinerii the fib, asserting
without the uneasiness today as the in
România existed repression psychiatric,
bazându on the fact as the in a big the
fib, his little the fib don’t the maul
exist.
But how many among the peoples
implicati alive the politics ultimului
opposite decade of the fib
institutionalizate? If these, spunea
Flonta, burn else I keep a little from
the feeling value and personal dignity,
 73

they burn be due to feels an intense

feelings of culpabilitate.
The communist erased only that
feather to disappearance the boundary
among the life personala and publish.
This thing he did through the
cultivation notiunii of” massage”, in
which the individual” were” in
substance dissolved as entity
individuala, boiled down to little an
insignificant. Don’t merely politic
optiunile, but and optiunile religious
morals, understanding the sense of the
life became the object check authority
overs” of the table.
Ideal the socialism the age the creation
new man, personalitatre a fool
delimitata, masificata, subdued and
dirijata in such kind that the regime life
cotidiene ajungea to don’t else
deosebeasca vitally of the regime life of
his barrack of acela of of a camp. Don’t
just the organs of repression
specializate shall subdue the individual,
but this he shall can be called and
ahead” judecatii” altor instante, such
as the masses, classify the workwoman
and, wherefore don’t, whole people.
Many psychiatrists, among which the
new si, were call for dizidente derizorii
 74

to answer ahead judecatii of the table

in amphitheatres arhipline with mates”
indignati”, wherethrough, just as
underline an opportunists( academic
teachers Sanda Magureanu),”
aruncasem sludgy in the Roumanian
psychiatry”, that is in their psychiatry,
abuziva and in a dezvoltată world thus
orânduita, the funds adaptative of
duplicity and the fib shall be
coplesitoare and shall become the coin
the usualness in relations audience,
vocationally and just personal.
This world disappeared as far back as
our psychiatry, and today same
actionând compulsions and fears, the
fib be afterwards tolerata, even if he is
the word just of a silence an
accomplice. Appears here the
incapacity peoples avantajati of fostul
regimes and adaptati to the life
alienanta fostei the societies comuniste
and which don’t the maul can look the
which world he created it and of which
don’t else can tear. Expressions as the”
the age of the pragmatism” or” cult
personality” appear us today just as
the islands of refuge for these persons
sociopate, like the notion of the which
competence atribuie fostei
 75

nomenclatures from psychiatry. This

can be just an idea menita to throw a
dust in the eyes society, as and
afirmatia entrance in party from
generous reason. But all these than the
funds adaptative of of public fib,
institutionalizate, without caror expose
don’t is shall can build a new
psychiatry. In psychiatry, as and in the
Roumanian society, lipseste a regime
institutionalizat his wagons avouch and
to support the development personality
and pozitiei social bazate on merit and
activity,

////////**
Întemeiata on professional merits the
moral si.
The psychiatry - the maidservant of the
ideology and the totalitarian system of
the communist.
Tried hereinbefore to present the which
principles underlie” noii morals” entered
of the communist system. In all
countries, and a fortiori in one comed
later on,” the socialist must” instaurata
hurried off. The Roumanian communism
ţine just the oneness through the rapidity
and atasamentul wherewith in 30 - 40 of
were due to ajunga rearward
 76

performantele whereat S.U. ajunsese in

70 of years. And the psychiatry
comunista from retrieved quick this
lagging behind.
Thus, as and in S.U., Standed the
Roumanian communist the age coupled to
a doctrine logică, reason for which the
structure can and the central busy place
of facilitated a connection intima among
the society comunista and psychiatry.
Suprematia the ideology in all the
spheres social life from the period”
remained” intacta in S.U. And in all
countries comuniste. Stalin cerea
dominatia constiintei politic in all lines,
inclusively in the area stiintei.
Were figured in the area of the ideology
from urmatoarele reason:
1. Don’t exist the area of stiintei in
which his don’t applied the diofctic
materialism. More, just the
materiality of the psyche represent
one of the the theses esentiof of of
the Marxism, and the psychiatry
had to to dovedeasca through her
this activity thing.
2. The unreadiness Logică are doing
from psychiatrist, in the vision of
the party, pseudo, the psychiatrist
be due to is an party activist with
the place of the labor in psychiatry.
 77

3. Anything professional had to to is

good prepared ideological can
became a politic fighter in the
frame of his profession.
4. Anything activity had to subdued
the social laws” objectives”, in
facts, of the lines of politic organs,
singurele able conducted the
activity sociala, the communist
party be detasamentul advanced
and conscious, the vanguard of
hard-working class.
5. The professional Had to to become
an active participant in fight for the
success of the socialism and of the
communism. For Stalin the
qualification the politics the age the
maul the relevance than one
profesionala, and this thing
expressed through the adherance
to the communist party.
6. The communist party have the
leading role in whole society,
inclusively in the area fiecarei
professions.
The party dorea in psychiatry activists”
revolutionari of profession.
This is how characterize this guy of
communist Belu Silber, an which believed
sincere in ideal the communism(
quotation after Ioan Grosan):” Cel carry
 78

alive his don’t avusese no a profession

get one he who avusese a profession
forget it on his the si qualified to the
place of the labor”. Cunostea a number of
ideological retete, the rules
conspirativitatii, stia how to organize a
cell, how controleaza the activity altora,
how I received and I given order, how
lichideaza his concurrent a maverick, the
behavior against inferior the superior si,
what be due to vorbeasca and what
don’t. Have the peoples in suborders,
dispunea of the life altora. Thus devenea
a professional of and degraded as
exercise it... The profession of activist îi
the atrophy simtul the mood, in course of
time, his fellow creatures deveneau
object... This is the identikit of eternului
activist.
The authors of the orders and the
performers appeared reciprocally today in
psychiatry. But, asks me, had to just to
do the medicine became a such monster
of the party in psychiatry?
In the period” revolutionara” the
communism, in first stages of the
repression, the psychiatry don’t gamble a
role too an important( the little age
developed into the period leninista, and
to we, in his period Gheorghiu-dej). Abia
after 1956, with the age hrusciovista - in
 79

România, after his arrival Ceausescu -,

with the beginning of the politics of
coexistence pasnica pushed the regimes
comuniste to the diversification of the
forms of were, the necessity of
psychiatric camouflage with the aim
presentation outside of a liberal these
fatete regimes comuniste.
In România the repression psychiatric is
shall intensified in the decade seventh
and shall touch the apogee in the years
‘80, with sfârsitul of the regimes
comuniste from The Europe and with the
crisis the permanence of communist
world system. In this context, Ceausescu
passes to the intensification tuturor the
forms of repression, culminating with one
from 1989. Importance of psychiatric
repression is can see and from aparitia in
1980 of a new repressive legislatii
concerning the compulsory internment in
the hospitals psychiatric( Ordinance
313/1980.
Following the example Uniunii Sovietice
and below stricta guide the frames of
drive Catedrei of psychiatry from
Bucharest( Predescu, Romila, Ionescu,
Milea, Gorgos, Grecu), in the beginning
just with soviet advisers, the psychiatry
shall become the maidservant of
communist regime, conformându strictly
 80

ideological frame the si formându propria

the nomenclature finded out directly
below the check Securitatii.” The teacher”
come from the studies from S.U. You
begins through the rejection in block of
flats tuturor the psychiatric concepts
comed Occident, which they replaced
them quick with materialistic substitutes
of essence sovietica, teared completely of
the reality psychiatric. This is how this
prezentau sprocket, which denominated”
înaintata”, some among the apologists of
the psychiatry comuniste( V. Predescu,
romila in the work Psihiatria, Ed.
Medicala, 1976, pag. 79):” Pozitia our in
psychiatry, as the branch aplicata the
materialistic anthropology, considered the
man as the on an unit psihobiologica...
Although quaintly conceptia
psihosomatica represent in their vision a
conception burgheza. And farther” in
psychiatry, can more than in another
areas of the medicine, must liniată
conceptia our about world and the life,
the materialism diofctic - the historic si,
base the scientific communism.
Result now explicitly which the age the
vision about these psychiatry ideologists
and, therewith, I carry erau the bases of
socialist psychiatry, the of a bases the
psychiatrists policy.
 81

If you please to ridicam these quota

dicteuri comuniste, have no than to listen
to another communist ideologist( C.
Gorgos, in Scânteia from 19 February
1985) I carry, in adulatia for the
secretaire, spunea:” Express me totala
adhesion against the proposal as the
tovarasul. Ceausescu, most beloved son
of our natiunii... To candid for become of
the deputies... Have make sure
nestramutata as this represents garantia
înfaptuirii neabatute the program of the
party... The name tovarasului
Ceausescu... Is today synonym with the
communist revolutionary spirit,
patriotically, with the personality burning
man of incandescence celor the noble
maul thing... Starting from this
headquarters... A preoccupation
deosebita constituie a protection a health
populatiei » etc., Etc.
This man don’t the naive age, he
cunostea flawlessly the state deplorabila
asistentei medical populatiei, but that
else we speak of the catastrophe
asistentei psychiatric in which the
involved age. But he the age in first rînd
an activist of a party, and the principle
double standard are doing to assert
without the uneasiness thing in contrast
 82

with the reality on which cunostea too

well.
With all this somber situations, like
practices don’t they can spent in România
without a some an oppositions, what burn
be former adevarata a catastrophe for the
intellectualss româna. From the
subsequent chapters shall us be at us the
resistances Roumanian psychiatrists, of
as opposition permanences against the
fib and for the big correction damages
bringed the Roumanian psychiatry of to
the psychiatrists aserviti the ideology.
Thus, just as the an example. If in 1976
V. Predescu assert pompously, violating
adevarul, as:” Evidence of Roumanian
psychiatry in the frame our socialist
society is convingatoare... Through
conditiile of assistance, învatamînt, which
research assure a look of the optimistic
view in totala harmony with the
realizations socialist multilateral society
developed”, i. Cucu, limb of aceleiasi
desk, assert the audience as the:” The
psychiatry has not to becomes
Cenusareasa, and this thing don’t
priveste except on psychiatrists, but on
new... Our fell behind from viewpoint
principled, she adopt and today the
physical model of the complaint...
Concept of sfârsitului of century of Xix-
 83

lea... The fact as the don’t exist a

psychological education datoreaza the
medical local which frames they saw
depasite( the allusion the age to
Predescu).. last În decades don’t he liked
we no congress psychiatric, the
psychiatry remained many abaft big
current of thought the world psychiatry,
which situation the maul lasts and
today”( Flacara, 10 the farther away maul
1979 underlined as:” Just in plina the
period of the pragmatism, to we, the
school psychiatric from Timisoara, led by
f. Bore, a fight titanica don’t lipsita of
riskiness for depasirea encystation.
Therefore, in contrast with festivismul of
the ideologist and sfidându on were,
posibila put the problem in which found
out our psychiatry, even in most black
years have the dictatorship. Gradually,
and alti psychiatrists, the spectacular his
less spectacular maul, fell to the criticism
and just to expose the abuses of politic
Roumanian psychiatry.
 84

Chapter II.
The models IDEOLOGICE OF ABUZULUI
POLITIC ÎN PSIHIATRIE.
As far back as the period comunista, I
tried to in a evidentiem succesion of
works the manner teoretica in which the
based age the psychiatric abuse to we(
Psihiatria sociala vol. I and II, Buc. 1982,
1983). 1983). Parallel therewith I tried to
enter the western concepts his si
fundamentam on this the base the
concept psychiatric sociala and
socializarea. In this sense the works
noasre have evidentiat a succesion of the
fashions puted in the practice of
 85

ideologists of abusive which psychiatry

have based the utilization of the
psychiatry as the the weapon the politics
and of repression of to the communist
regime of his Ceausescu.
Is the word about two the theoretical
fashions staged in chief of to
nomenclaturistii of the psychiatry from
Bucharest the which si represented, just
as I quoted hereinbefore, essence of
diofctic materialism of historic si applied
in the area of the psychiatry, two the
fashions on which shall them present
them afterwards.
A pure biologic model - the medical
model - mostenit from the psychiatry
clasica germana from begin.begin with
this the century, but which he shall be
remaked in the manner logică marxista.
B. A model carceral of institutiei of
psychiatric treatment with the rejection of
psychological concepts of sociological si in
the area of the therapy and instututiei of
treatment. Were take over, also, from the
history of classic psychiatry( the
psychiatric asylum be an institution
specify an average century), suffering
and this time an importance” remaking”
marxista.
The biologic his medical medical model.
 86

One among ambitiile of communist which

ideologists primisera from parties the
task conducted were aceea promoted in
this area a materialistic viewpoint the si
girdled ideological the reality branchi, in
the narrow prints of of the communist
ideology. Therefor had to created a
general concept of the complaint - a
model - his wagons explain the simplifier
conceptia the materialist from psychiatry.
In the same time, as ideological model,
he had to to is” intelligibly”, to the level of
agreement activist of unprofessional
party, carry as a matter of fact the age
singurul in his measure authenticate the
purity logică in all lines, just in most
sophisticated professions. For this reason,
the promotion of biologic model of the
complaint psihica îi corespundea best(
humbly, intelligibly and having to the
base just biologic explicatii, therefore,
pure” materialist”). Desi the medical
model of the complaint fusese transfered
to psychiatry of to take possesion
Kraepelin, in the beginning the century
constituted just a stage for the European
psychiatry to the development stiintelor
psychological the sociological si -, thereto
renuntat to he favour.in favour of noilor
the which fashions have based the
psychiatry the dynamics( psihologica),
 87

the psychiatry sociala. Although were

copied after the model kraepelinian, be
taked from the history of the psychiatry
and having a some an authority, yet, in
conditiile ideologizarii marxiste this drove
to aberationsle wagons have based the
psychiatric in a abuse system ideologizat,
the model and he showed merely his
negative appearances, that is just
ratiunile for which he fusese abandoned
in Occident.
In what consist model?
Just as l presented it in our works high,
the model referea to a conception
particulara appeared to sfârsitul of the
century of Xix-lea and begined the
century of Xx-lea, in which considerau the
disturbances comportamentof of a of
individual as the be of the nature logică.
In such vision, he devenea invalid”
mentally his state depending mumai of
organic biologic factors, that is he be an
ill, amounted to ricare somatic invalids.
This thing he did on the strength of the in
a settlement the manner necritica of a
analogies between the complaint
somatica, of the pure nature logică or the
physics, in which the lesion the age
primordiala, and the complaint psihica in
which the biologic factor attends
 88

pathology beside the psychological factor

the social si.
The of a such idea relatii among physical
the psychic suited only that marvellously
party activist from psychiatry, putându
prove therethrough, to his level of
agreement, the materiality life psyche(
that is the liaison complaint psyche
except of biologic factors). În this the
contexts, the human body the age
achieved as a structure a mechanics, and
the complaint, inclusively one psihica, as
this deterioration mechanism.
The medical appeared therefore, as a
specific model of somatic medicine, be
transposed in psychiatry, and porneste
from asertiunea simplista as the as a
matter of fact the symptom, the
complaint am intimate incident to the
lesion anatomica, all explicatiile bolilor
the psyche rezumându to physical
chemical biologic genetic phenomena etc.
Were therefore built to the level from
sfârsitul of the century of Xix-lea and
begined the century of Xx-lea with
explicatii mecaniciste, the mechanics be
to that gived most developed the part of
the physics. The philosophy dominanta
the age the age one of essence
mecanicista. The cure complaint be seed
than connected with physico-chemical
 89

factors, which factors burn be can help

with the elimination internal his external
agent, therethrough succeeding to
reechilibreze the organism.
Is easily realizable as the a such
explanation simplista for the age current
development appeared as adevarata a
god send for the materialistic thought,
rudimentara culturnicului from psychiatry,
for through rudimentarismul explicatiilor”
materialist” he primea undeservedly an
ideological support.
Is true as the desire of he tears it the
obscure statute which have it the
psychiatry in the beginning this the
century, in order to obtained for ill
psychic a medical statute, the father of
classic German psychiatry accepted to
that gived the medical which l they
transposed it in psychiatry, this thing
presenting for that the true age progress,
bringing the psychiatry and ill the psyche
amongst the medicine from which the
practical age excluded.
Entered the medical model in psychiatry
on the strength of the notion of
organicitate bolilor the psyche, on the
strength of carui composed the
classification clasica from psychiatry. The
fact as the emphasize the organic lesions
in complaints psyches, he explain it
 90

through the state of the technique from

that the age, which the technical progress
you solve it. From pacate, with exceptia
of the syphilis meningoencefalitic( PGP),
this thing don’t else can no in a alta the
complaint psihica, although
instrumentarul of anatomic became all
sophisticated maul, and the idea
organicitatii bolilor the psyche he proved
as nereala. More, the orientation gresita
the model - with the elimination drastica
the psychological factors of social si
became a brake serioasa in cunoasterea
of pathologic phenomenon don’t except in
psychiatry, but just for whole the
medicine somatica, waves in across 33
percent from the pathology actuala don’t
can lost]ed explicatii thought and
mecanicista which puts it at command
the medical a big model role in
perenitatea of medical model psychiatry l
he had it and enter this in the frame of
the psychology, grace his works Freud,
carui formations medicala, organicista is
binecunoscuta and bearing therethrough
to regretabila an analogy between
physical the si the psyche with asertiunea
absoluta, how as the to the base of
human natural his pathologic behavior
stand” the internal involved causes
except in organic, on this the base
 91

homeostazia psihica appearing

comparabila with homeostazia the
physics, and the organism be considered
a power closed system.
Although visceral antifreudismul of the
communist ideology the good age known,
the medical model shall be good exploited
and in the area of the psychology of the
feather to the assertion the extremist as
the the psyche is a secretion of the a
brain.
After the kind in were applied in the
psychiatry of the bonus half the century
of Xx-lea, the medical model is the
summary of to Purushotton in three
postulates:
1. Anything dezadaptare psihologica
has a cause subiacenta( his
dynamics the energetics), of the
nature logică and psihologica in the
same time this in particular - below
influence psychological studies his
of Freud( personality respinsa of
the ideology marxista).
2. the symptom has a value relativa,
bring about logică be the main
element.
3. The diagnosis Is a resultant what
what a behavior describes as an
exterior signs the si what the doctor
 92

presupposes as starting from form

teoretica recognized.
Although to the historic respective
moment the introduction of medical
represented a progress, the neglect of
psychological still more selected social led
to the organization asistentei psychiatric
on the principle of the hospitals of
somatic complaints, the therapy
psychiatric copiind on one somatica.
Therewith, got and for psychiatry an
importance disproportionata, and the
absence criteriilor opened the path of
inclusive abuses of politic.
These inadvertente caused as in The
Europe, after 1950, to appear a
permanent decline of adhibition of
medical model in psychiatry, and through
the development of psychosomatic this
medicine of his decline is expanded in
whole the sphere of the medicine. From
these reason the countries comuniste îsi
shall prove the incapacity of acclimation
noile concepts of our century, platind a
difficult tribute paranoidismului
ideological the si be preoccupied except
helped the aim of the preservation of
totalitarian system.
From the moment aparitiei the
psychological concepts of sociological si,
in Occident the medical still more
 93

selected model his adhibition in

psychiatry shall be submissive of a attack
certat don’t except from psychiatrists, but
and altor specialists. Don’t they put in
question the real conquests of of medical
model( neurolepticele for instance), but
he subdued critical the model as the
explanatory exclusive model of complaint
which psyche now venea as opposed to
the numerous new development stiinte
wagons they developed the practices in
two the half of the century of Xx-lea( the
psychology medicala, the sociology
medicala, the cybernetics, the genetics
moderna etc.
In the sphere countries comuniste, on the
contrary, the idea of medical were taked
over as the doctrine medicala basic in
psychiatry and, what is else fell to,
support ideological îmbunatatiri can were
used as the” argument” and the weapon
the what politics dovedea the materiality
complaint psyche and rejected all aprioric
the concepts psiho, chiefly on those his of
Freud. Aspiratiile ideological of of
communist totalitarianism perfect erau
servite of this model” materialist”, model
to the level of agreement party activist
from psychiatry.
 94

Coleman and Broen underlined three

main points in the criticism of medical
model, applied in psychiatry:
1. Many abnormal behaviors don’t
presuppose the of a existences
anatomic lesions, reasons for which
they be judgements after the
classic model of of a somatic
complaints. Exist just I risk as don’t
except complaints real psyches, but
and simple deviatii from the ethical
juridical his social norms,
sometimes just simple problems of
2. The adhibition of medical model
in psychiatry produces an
indomitable enthusiasm for of a
alcatuirea rigid classifications of of
the pathology, which thing is done
in of a how much desires the big
maul accuracies. How many times
don’t potriveste a certain
undesirable behaviors can to
appear immediately a new the form
the clinic of the complaint( of the
guy of latent his unapparent his
schizophrenia Snejnevski). Dar the
diagnosis has an importance
relativa in psychiatry, caning be
binded and of the concepts valorice
of of which person puts the
diagnosis, while connection
 95

anatomica is just presupposed.

Were the sufficiency just a simple
change eticii” - one the socialist, for
instance - wherethrough all what in
this vision the undesirable age(
pluralism, dissidence, the rightful
individual necessity) to intermigle
the marks” stiintifice” of the which
psychiatry have to the base the
medical model of the complaint,
and the natural in a certain
behaviors the ethical his systems
appear in socialism as the”
schizophrenias”,” paranoid states”,”
psychopathes.
On the strength of criteriilor of medical
these model” misfits” to regime deveneau
ill psyches, therefore like erau with any ill
somatic his retarded, having to the
possible strong genetic his anatomic
base. The preoccupation against this
category of” invalids” appear now just as
the an acts umanitara, the regime be
obliged his intern for protect as much on
they, quotient and the society through
injuriousness their complaint.
3.” The role Of ill” he is in the medical
cultivated model with unyieldingness,
therethrough încurajându in fact alta a
source of behaviors maladaptative. An
what date were stated official ill, this is
 96

due to conformed this statute, to renunte

therefore to responsibility, to faced
situatiile of the life, geting down on
paternurile comportamentof of a of real ill
somatic individual. Is clear as the the
attempts of socializare don’t the maul
had in these no cases uses.
From one exhibited hereinbefore we can
conclude as the adhibition of medical
model in had earnest implicatii which
shall try to le rezumam thus:
1. Ideologizarea the medical model of
the complaint take over from the
psychiatry from begin.begin with
underlay the refusal, from
ideological reason, of accepted the
concepts psiho wagons dezvoltau in
Occident permited the rejection
principle socializării - the socialist
society be realised she takes
possesion as having the role
sanogen, the espousal of her
principles be singura the reasons
kept the health mintala the
individual.
2. The medical model expressed to the
level of medicamentary practices in
the likeness of of a stereotype
institutionof with a structure can
carry represented in facts an image
in the mirror society on which visau
 97

a communist ideologists. Created

thus an psychiatry” monolitica”
drived manu of to the
nomenclature, without no chance of
evolution, good thing evidentiat the
si today, when, although official
became pluralista and much more,
in the psychiatry builded of
communists persist same stagnant
systems the authoritative si except
than vision about complaint and ill,
quotient and about institutiei
hospital attendant.
The hospital were and is organized
as the adevarata a pyramid, in the
style vechilor monarches absolutiste.
In forehead found out director and
sefii of section, carry represents
whole power from argue with
nobody. No, still they have else be
maintained and vechile councils
formats, certainly, all from they( sefii
of sectii). Ei are singurii interlocutors
have his minister have director
sectiei the hospital attendant, have
the mass media, have strainilor. They
can promote or persecute on
anybody, were explained. Practised
still the appointment sefilor of
section without his contest with
fictitious contests, their appointment
 98

on the life, sometimes appointement

the age transmited their sons, alteori
just the pavilion personates them
drive of a such system is autocratica.
These individuals are teared, of
whole decades, of adevarata an
which his competitions motivate to
learn, have no sketchy knowledges
of psychology, sociology,
psychotherapy. Be outwards oricarui
system concurential, they are
opposed in visceral way change,
singura them reason were presenting
obedienta against the past system,
against fostii communist satraps,
many among they still on same
functii.
3. The medical model, although he
supports as promoveaza the origin
the logic and rationala complaint
psyche, he don’t takes count of
tensional economic, social, politic,
educationof or relationof, reasons
for which appear gravely consecinte
concerning tipizarea of
medicamentary formula of the si
investigatory and a fool orientate in
problematicele binded of the area
mental health.
 99

The classifications” just” promovate

of to the medical model the by-path
in arbitrary fact, because the
symptom, that is a behavior, misses
in agreeable to importance of the
causes - of of the maladjustment.
For this reason, he appears the
tendency enforced as treatment just
long which hospitalizations
dezantreneaza the individual of the
practice sociala and hardly now shall
appear adevaratele disturbances of
accommodation. The internment is
shall done on the strength of of a”
referinte” extrinsically, by virtue
diagnosis - an appreciation, seem it
-, and situatia hardly here can
become periculoasa. This thing is can
owed the fact as the in psychiatry
the diagnosis indicate for a certain
individual a certain role behavior
expectabil. From this viewpoint, as
per the medical model, the diagnosis
indicate the individual and a some”
the norm” of behavior.
But if ill he is interned, he can”
borrow” new symptoms, as and a
certain behavior of” accommodation”
to the psychiatric system of
hospitalization. This long the process
 100

is can eventuated in” the

acceptation” of the role on which the
hospital i l preparedly.
Asserting pozitia clinico, the medical
model( Predescu, Romila, 1976)
asserted as this he represents as a
matter of fact” the diofctic
materialism applied in psychiatry”, all
celelalte concepts be due to is
struggled and dangerous
considerate: The psychoanalysis,
psihosomatica, socializarea and just
enter the medical psychology in
program the faculties of the
medicine. From pacate, any what
afirmam don’t belongs to merely
passed.
Refusing” the social context” and
thinking the man just as the on an
which machine is subdued the
physico-chemical laws, the
communist ideology dorea in his fact
To achieve ill the psyche as the be”
singurul culpable” for his suffering:
Heredity, the life against socialist
society etc. Therethrough, the
socialist society the age
deculpabilizata from the age obligata
to involved to a fault in therapy,
chiefly in the papers of preventie.
 101

More, just the ideological norms

prevedeau a diminutions a
permanences, feather to disparitia
bolilor psyche, of the delicts in the
society comunista, because
disappearing the private property,
burn be missing the si the cause
tuturor relelor.
But feather then, the socialist society
had to to is protected, and this thing,
just as spunea Ceausescu, had to
doed and with help shirt of an whole
force system azilar had to to protect
the society of” the injuriousness” ill
as a matter of fact, on she concern it
don’t as much ill real situatia( carry
traiau as in stables), but chiefly as
opposition the politics.
For better of seven decades, the
psychiatry from the countries
comuniste remanent - as the
evolutions - to the level of biologic
psychiatry, just as the age she in
Occident in the beginning the
century. Trying today some of
communist his ideologists foloseasca
Dsm-urile american, they forget to
underline the value conventionala
these classifications, but chiefly
forget to explain and base logică
 102

which psihopatologica he did it on

american his ajunga to conventia of
classification through DSM. While I
do courses about taxonomy on the
strength of DSM( G. Ionescu), they
to explain the psychiatry psihologica
and which sociala underlie these
classifications. When they shall to try
the own all works G. Ionescu, but
and romila, as their master,
Predescu), do it after the
methodology of the years 1950 -
1960, whereat I burn be due to
adaugam just their absence of
actually knowledges in the psychiatry
clasica, that is just aceea s believes
as serve it. What he has common the
psychiatry clinico of guy Predescu or
Ionescu with the vision the dynamics
american Dsm-urilor?
Trying as and before we smecherii,
isn’t of wonder as the actualii”
leaders stiintifici” you have our
psychiatry, in fact, you to
escamoteze the natural
developmental stages of the
psychiatry - the stage logică, urmata
of one psihologica the si sociala.” The
modernization” formally through the
espousal of DSM, without the
 103

scientific proper support, is sinonima

with the of a rejuvenescence batrâni
with help cosmeticii.
In substance, the promotion of
medical model of to the communist
ideology, acreditarea to we in the
country merely the biologic
psychiatry bring the system, after
our opinion, urmatoarele”
advantages.
The character Simplist and
mecanicist of did posibila the of a
promotion the vulgar materialism to
the level întelegerii party activist;
Culpabilizarea the invalid and
deculpabilizarea society comuniste
am best servite of the medical
model;
Stated ill, the individual shall be
doctored as part as of a hospitals
azilare wagons, gradually, you take
all more the appearance carceral
after the face and the congeniality
society in which exist.
The elimination causality psyche and
social excludes principled masurile
socio, the psychotherapy,
socializarea.
 104

The model don’t shall agrea than the

medicamentary middles of the
nature the physics and another
chimica methods nefiind well-
grounded his be incident to the
attempts of of a infiltration concepts
capitaliste,” perniciously”:
psychotherapy, meditation, methods
psihoterapeutice of groups etc.
The model carceral of institutiei of
treatment.
Of doilea theoretical model on the
strength of whom he developed the
psychiatry abuziva from our were the
model carceral of institutiei of
psychiatric treatment, a model
consisting of azile and a classic
hospitals of psychiatry to the level
Europe of the century of Xix-lea. The
model carceral of treatment is bound
up with model which l described it
hereinbefore,” the invalid” be
doctored in a hospital of the guy of
the hospital for ill somatic, but,
through big number of patients and
must maintained the branch, this is
shall transformed in a unit carcerala
in which the methods of the branch
shall prevala against therapy.
 105

The psychiatric hospital in the

totalitarian communist were
organized after same totalitarian
principles as the the si the socialist
society( the pyramid administrativa,
rules and precise timetables, the
absence communication, violence to
all nivelurile etc.). This the model
carceral, azilar appears as a creation
and as the an instrument of a
psychiatric abuse, an institution in
which the individual is completely to
dispozitia tortionarului or, while
personal of attendance don’t is felt
involved, ascunzându behind of a
institutii wagons protejeaza.
To see afterwards which by-pathes
principofle features of the psychiatric
hospital, were in the age of the
totalitarianism, just as he is and
today through opozitiei against the
reform.
His asylum the psychiatric hospital
classic the age, as a matter of fact,
an institution of which appeared in
the the Middle Ages, reason for
which in The Europe actuala he
appears chiefly as the an
anachronism, be rejetat worldlike
civilizata and neavând, in fact, nor a
 106

vocation a therapeutics. More just, a

such institution no I don’t burn be be
due to exists. Be due to are actuated
by a big contempt against ill for can
enter in a such institutions.
The psychiatric hospital fit his azilara
cultivate a true” psychiatric
imperialism”. Opunând ill the doctor,
the personnel subordinating the ill
total, this don’t else remains than to
is subdued detinatorului of the power
and authority. The notion of
organicitate on which sustinea take
possesion Pinel is cultivata of the
medical model the si she bears the
automaton to the notion of
incurability. If Pinel and Esquirol
considerau yet as the the psychiatric
hospital burn else can be” an
instrument of cure in the of a hand
the skillful doctor”, subsequently, the
psychiatric hospital becomes the
asylum, that is place of refuge, place
in which his patient is defended
against the jeer. Gradually, these
hospitals became some cladiri
mammothes as the size, with
patients and which through
administrative weights are shall
changed to adevarate institutii
 107

corectionof. After 1950, thus of

institutii fell to disappears from The
Europe Westerna by reason of noilor
conceptii humanist concerning right
man, carry they developed after the
decade of Vi-lea of this century.
Indeed, contextually society bazate
on democratic principles, mostenirea
of a institutii carcerof with a
structure intern totalitara appears as
sens, nay as the an insult for
aspiratiile society. For this reason, in
Occident, this decline the guy of
began and the end long ago, while in
the countries comuniste the system
don’t only that don’t shall be
desfiintat, but he shall be take over
and based, this time ideological,
remaining even currently the system
on which bazeaza the permanent
abuse against the person umana.
From theoretical viewpoint, the
system of the model carceral can be
submissive of a destructive attacks.
This thing porneste from oneself his
structure totalitara the which si in
little reflect the principles society in
which exist. This the institutions is
thus organizata that to repress any
demonstrate voluntara celor subdued
 108

the regime of internment. The

hospital becomes, in fact, a place of
residency and of the labor for a
group of individuals - patients -
teared of society for a long the
period, the hospital becoming thus a
barrier in the path relationship
social, relationship with exterior,
frequently having with this end in
view usi and gates ferecate, his walls
high fences, special placements( of
the guy of the hospital Voila, Poiana
Mare etc.
From viewpoint of the internal
structure, asemeni altor units of
guys carceral, they are builded on
the strength of of a totalitarian
structures. The individual free his the
fault in relation with who doreste, he
can work, sleep or is can recreea
merely after a plans” rationally” doed
of directiune. In the organized
hospital all carceral the appearances
life is unfurled as per of a program,
to same hours popularly, below
stricta a supervision. As a matter of
fact, the of a such aim institutii is
achieved the official works of
institutiei( branch) and except partial
on one of individual. The invalids in
 109

groups are supervizati, ghidati,

subdued of a periodic inspectii. A
break is shall created between the
group of ill the si their these
overseers two categories don’t loved.
The overseers shall say about ill as
the bad by-pathes the si are shall
carry against they as the some
superior. On the contrary, the one
supravegheati believe it the evils on
overseers, I felt debared from the
taking of which decisions look it.
The way of organize the psychiatric
hospital azilar favorizeaza of the
violence against ill, but the overseers
don’t realizeaza this thing,
considering respectivul behavior as
the logical the si, however, as in a
petrecându system of reference
existent in which don’t felt the
personnels implicati.
The very difficult age as the in a
such his institution stabileasca relatii
medicamentary authentic. The
hierarchy and the authority am
maintained as part as of a severe
branch without channels of
contestatie, reasons for which
produced blocaje to all nivelurile.
 110

The feature principala is as here the

ill individual, but and the politic
bolter abusive internee wine with a
some a culture, and on the duration
her hospitalization suffers adevarata”
disculturalizare” or in best at the
best a lack of a practice, what shall it
does it insusceptible of dealt with
their daily still more selected
problems with those outwardly
institutiei.
The hospital don’t directs to
adevarata a victory of the a culture,
he creeaza just a kind tensional
interpersonal, tension on which
foloseste as the on a handspike
strategica of handle. Now he is clear
as the in this context psihopatologica
institutiei shall it influences it on the
healthy his marginal bolter,
ajungându sometimes to an
adherence against institutia azilara
the si to grave modifications of
personality, which, retrospectively,
executionersi le prezentau as be
just” the outpourings” carry have
righteous the internment.
Indeed, the must individual of adapt
the cultural level to the cultivated
values of hospitals prompts a big
 111

effort, carry you be doed in the

detriment integrity personality, the
grave maul be when exist and a
complaint reala an wagons through
she takes possesion produces the
important modifications. The kind in
which is done” the accommodation”
to the values institutiei totalitarian
presupposes in forerank a
degradation of self an image hereto
contributing and the system of
isolation of institutiei respectively
against worldlike exterioara.
Gradually, accentueaza
personalizarea and miss the
autonomy, to this thing helping and
the coercive which methods punish
so dense the insubordination, as and
the what facts” recompenseaza”
obedienta.
If previous the individual have about
sine a some a conception, a date an
internee, he shall miss this support
by reason of degradation, umilintei
and profanation eului or. The
organization carcerala and the
barrier against worldlike constituie
the bonus curtail eului, and the
deprivation of role întareste these
phenomena. This thing evidentiaza
 112

just from first contact of individual

with institutia: The anamnesis, the
surrender of the apparels and
valuable object, the bath, cântarirea
- all appearing as entered in a”
machinery” carry found out in the
hands establishmentului. The test of
obedienta is only that passed in the
moment when stabileste pozitia
noului and which situatia waits it. If
to these else adaugam and the
utilization neurolepticelor,
electrosocului and sometimes the
neurosurgery, all consulted the
person, this shall achieve clearly as
the his integrity don’t the maul is
garantata. In this context the
individual, all the same if he is his
don’t ill, he becomes passive,
abordeaza a reaction of defence: You
holds out head, in humiliating
sprocket, you give raspunsuri
humbly, be due to is asked for for
favoruri marunte: Newspaper etc.
The personnel can it shout on his
name after the nickname, you
ridicules he evidentiindu negative
trasaturile, you talk about he as
though don’t burn be present.
 113

All these shares shall produce a true

process of” mortificare” eului,
dezidentificare through rape eului. In
this guy of hospital is shall done
everything wherethrough his
individual has no a statute of mature
man, to have no autonomy and
discretion. With this end in view,
utilizeaza in the manner the
pithiness the system of rewards and
punishments. The patients shall
achieve permanently pozitia them of
inferiority in report with one from
exterior, you have the feeling of exile
and as the their time iroseste in van.
Exist a big contradiction between
what do institutia in real way the si
what must saied officially, that is
exact same principle of dublului the
which standard inhere in the society
comunista.
Institutia you develop and a set of
practices institutionalizate: Visits,
inspectii, the of a party festive days
unite, previews filmy etc. All these
than to this accentueeze syndrome
of the unjustified humiliation.
Institutia psychiatric organizata
carceral don’t you permits no
intimacy, the individual internee be
 114

humiliated, alcatuindu a folder,

frequently receiving the uniform,
luându the papers, the money etc.
But, just as underline cynically
Predescu( Urgente in psychiatry, Ed.
Medicala, 1983), the utilization
violentei against ill the psyches can
constitute and” adevarata a therapy”,
this be” adevarata freedom missed”
due to an another complaint
appearance of psychiatric institutiei
of totalitarian guy constituie his
organization intern after hierarchical
principles, tensely. Ierarhizarea
constituie the keystone of politic
psychiatric abuse, failing which this
burn be very difficult his is produced.
The hierarchy has the role
established the personal roles of the
si of the patients, creating
adevarata” serfdoms” administrativa,
autoritara, on first plan appearing
the realization of bureaucratic
appearances of of the hospital. With
this end in view is offered two
practicability: Be of a rites and
ceremonialuri and in second
secondarily, the organization on the
of a principle rigid hierarches.
 115

The rites are very fecvente in the

psychiatric hospital of guy carceral:
Reports on guard, visit boss ofui,
contravizitele, inspectiile etc. All
these tending to give the of a
impression official of a realities
public realities. Existau and another
categories of rites: Sedinte of
parties, of syndicates, of report,
sedinte of remaking etc.
Two the manner, folosita for the ill
subordination, constituia an in a
refuge organ ierarhizat and pass
raspunderii of own facts on this
expense the organism. Is the word
of adevarata a pyramid
administrativa carei base constituie
an invalids.
As in any organisations, the hospital
of this guy functioneaza through the
methods decided of an which power,
seemingly, had to to is a power
medicala, but, as a matter of fact, in
the period comunista can the age
Securitatii and Partidului. As any
power, and this is shall radicalized, in
the sense as the relatia among ill the
personal si shall be împinsa feather
to extreme becoming relatia master
- slave, because don’t exist no
 116

pondere against the personal power(

organizatii of civil society, justice
reala, channels of impugnment etc).
Desi demagogically asserted as the
hospital is of ill, these in real ways
don’t had no an word of saied, what
fact shall generate resentments,
conflicts on which personal shall
them solve them through
authoritative middles - contentie,
constrained treatments, systems
vindicatory and rewards.
Alta a feature of psychiatric a
hospital of guy carceral constituia
ierarhizarea after totalitarian system,
can be delivered pyramidal the si
giving boss ofui of section can
dictatorial. This is hight, in facts, on
the life, depending on atasamentul
or politic the si against Securitate.
Boss of of section had to by all
means to is agreat of party and of
Securitate. He monopolize whole
power, take the all practical the
important decisions, dadea all the
notices of internment, punea the
diagnoses to exit, decidea gived
externarii, transformându on others
doctors in simple mechanisms
depersonalizate and subdued. Boss
 117

of can favor or persecute on anybody

explained and can delivered
preferential tasks.
The organization piramidala totalitara
limit, as and as part as society
comuniste, anything the initiative,
sectia, the hospital becoming
sequence.in-sequence their easy of
handled of to the organs of
interested repression. The sufficient
age just an authoritative chief( his
competence profesionala don’t
matter) wherethrough institutia
psychiatric to is aservita can. From
these reason personalizarea and the
apathy don’t are shall limited merely
to ill, but vaor dilates on whole
personal which, can supravetui, had
to to I adapted” the logic arbitrate
boss ofui. At that rate, a dialogue
psihoterapeutic a doctor - a patient
an impossible age, all be due to
changed to the performers
dispozitiilor dictatorial of boss ofui,
and neurolepticele, ergoterapia,
electrosocul constituiau in this
systems rather middles of
repression, the hospital, sectia
psychiatric pierzându any vocation
the therapeutics.
 118

Even between ill appear a some

ierarhizare, apareau good jobs the
bad si depending on can boss ofui
and of some advantages on which
this power le aducea.
This the system the age destined to
produce to all nivelurile knots
tensional and frustratie, and the
contact the chief - the subaltern,
doctor - his patient appear as
depersonalizant. If the doctor the
chief is everything, others are shall
feel frustrati and are shall dealt more
tensional interpersonal than of ill.
Frequently, these tensions shall be
fed of senzatia boss ofui as the is”
diged”, reasons for which the job
psychiatric respective is shall
transformed in a adevarata were at
war cold his warm, sometimes, this
transformându in a adevarata
hunting of witch. Is can apprehended
what else remanent from vocatia the
of a such therapeutics the hospital.
Conclusively, the psychiatric politic
abuse, as and the abuses of alta the
nature from odă comunista appear
as be deliberate the si sprijinindu on
theoretical backgrounds the
ideological good si regularized. The
 119

enormity and specificitatea of

psychiatric abuse in communism
don’t consist by all means in the fact
as the existed or were here
important he is as were organized of
to the communist state, carry
involved official through the wage
earner saddles from psychiatry and
from the organs of his repression
justice, standed taked possesion
becoming in this case organisation
the murderess”, organizing the
psychiatric abuse as much in theory,
quotient and in the such practice
situational the history don’t else
knowed than just in the fascist
regimes. In this contexts, the
psychiatrist and his patient become
just simple instruments, the politics
of the parties comuniste promoting
laws and criminal regulations, as well
as a conduct a murderess on tried s
enforces as” normality” whole
psychiatric communities by dint of
the nomenclature comuniste
conductress in area. Through the
enormity size and the perfecting
organization, the communists
achieved little an unique in the
history of psychiatric abuse of the
feather to the level became
 120

adevarata an organisation of the a

crime.
The necesity of SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY
/////////////
Just as I underlined previously, the
communist stoped evolutia normala the
Roumanian psychiatry to the stage
psychiatric logică, and through the
introduction criteriilor ideological he
arrived at the psychiatric abuse stoping in
the same time any influence from
Occident( the psychiatry psihologica,
psychiatry sociala etc.
The psychiatry mondiala depasit of many
stage of biologic psychiatry of actually
psychological si, adjudecându today those
conquests, noile sociological concepts the
si composing a synthesis of biologic a
psychological models the social si,
constituting what today the gate the
name psychiatric sociala.
The psychiatry sociala just as I burn show
the name to first impression, an
exclusivist psychiatry, but rather an which
branch involve whole current evolutions
stiintifice, but which he lays stress on the
social appearances the human si which
vechea psychiatry, chiefly aceea of
exclusivist tint logică, don’t are doing.
She puts chiefly the accent on the
 121

organization institutiei of treatment

humanizing this institution.
Such as can as an inhuman regime as the
the communist his regime accepts like
principles? They had solutii for all the
problems in the ideology marxista and
aceea prelucrata for the public
ordinariness of to chief.
In our conceptia, conception expresed the
audience as part as the items and our
monographic works with near two
decades abaft, the psychiatry practicata
in the age comunista, but and one of
today don’t else I can be reformate. She
must practise” distrusa” and reformulata
in termenii of modern psychiatry. This
psychiatry clasica, formata of the
communist ideology, rejected in visceral
all ways the conquests stiintifice of of the
century, don’t else he can reform through
cosmetic modifications, big financial his
infusions constructii we. She must”
distrusa” and înlocuita through the
psychiatry sociala, singura carry disposes
of the qualities and the new fashions of
the complaint and of radicala transform
institutiei of a new treatment orientation
etiologica and in the area preventiei.
This” revolution” you creea, just as
happened and with the reform from the
area of the economy, even for one good
 122

intentionati the si devotees have

democratiei and the reform, that the
sensation of” destroy” specify every
shares of modification radicala,
developing that reflexa the opposition
against new. You be a brilliant
opportunity for actuala the former si the
nomenclature can to present” catastrofic”
the changes preconizate beside” the
irretrievable paradise” of passed our
psychiatric.
Door case manevrabilitate psychiatrists(
feminizarea the doctors of the
psychiatrists burn be just miza relativa),
the apathy, desire celor batrâni of finish
the career in the system in which usual
shall do difficult in România the process
of change( and this actually with actualul
director of the hospital from Bucharest, of
tint P. T. C. D., Of carui courage reformist
don’t passes” of genunchiul casing clamp”
- dr. Prelipceanu.
I showed already as the from ideological
reason the psychiatry nostra exceeded
first developmental stage of the
psychiatry - the psychiatry logică.
The which underlay conceptiilor
sociologically concerning the psychiatry
and began in S. And he expanded then
with rapidity and in The Europe Westerna.
 123

In conceptia of social psychiatry, ill the

psyche just insular organism” or simple ill
a somatic, but he is placed contextually
or relational begining from first group
whom belongs to it - the family - and
going the feather to the large sizes of
society, of the economy, of the
geography, of the culture.
Sociogeneza, liniază Porot, is an
ensemble of conditii wagons effuse the
social average the si is caused the
production, the development and evolutia
bolilor the psyche. Be umana becomes
thus the field of interaction else multor
biologic sizes somatic - interpersonal -
psychic - - personal social - the cultural
si. In this kind the psychiatry sociala
actuala becomes a science
interdisciplinara, îndreptându atentia
about of a social which phenomena able
caused the morbid his states pressures
psyches about of a table of individuals,
contextually the demographic blast of the
si informationof.
In sense remarked today breed it
psychological density” populatiei, that is
populatiei participative, entity much more
than the real number of persons( forward
the participation sumed up to some
categories of the age, sex, economic
statute etc.
 124

Unquestionably as the this psychiatry the

end of century cann’t than an psychiatry
sociala. The psychiatry clasica,
încorsetata round narrow of the medical
model of the complaint which l he
promoted it, with ambition they of
aligned branchlor medically somatic -
adeseori just in a the manner coloniala -,
don’t the maul can assure the progress
through his individualism and
mecanicismului which le promoveaza.
The psychiatry clasica, with her gearing
of biologic explicatii, don’t else can to I
managed in the field on which credea as
the stapâneste when he produced the
blast dezadaptarilor psychological the si
the fever crescânda îmbolnavirilor
psychiatric.
Isn’t the word here except about
formarea they of to the communist
ideology. But the psychiatry clasica
stranded( and in The Europe Westerna)
when don’t else haved the capacity
teoretica and practise because the
hospitals the mammothes and the
exclusive therapy somatica don’t the
maul erau able his gives the satisfaction,
to correspond of a ages in change
accelerata, cresterii exigentei citizens
against society and the organization the
politics. Without deny the opening merits
 125

the si adjudecându all the valuable

conquests from the area of his biology of
the psychology, the psychiatry were
practical” împinsa” in the scene of to the
which appeared after the catastrophe
umana and sociala, after second world
war, in conditiile aparitiei noilor
democratic societies and of a new
philosophers concerning right man, which
phenomena appeared as a reactions
against the menace of fascist
totalitarianism of communist si.
For vechea psychiatry the psychological
phenomena the social si don’t had a role
too an important, the keystone be
represented of the biologic factors.
Unfortunately, in lagarul communist the
psychiatry clasica dogmatizata and
ideologizata, with his heavy gearing of
diagnoses and clinical forms appeared to
the statement, when the reality the clinic
don’t potrivea with azilele the si his
hospitals mammoth, the rigid hierarchy
the si the organization carcerala led to
scaderea prestige branchi and to the of a
creation adevarate repulsions in the eyes
of public opinion.
In this frame fight for an psychiatry
orientata toward man - as the being
sociala -, toward the needs community
and the promotion mental health
 126

comunitare became a task prioritara don’t

except for the bolters Europe of Est, but
and for the which psychiatrists the
esteemed si his profession simply erau
animati of an attitude patriotica.
Trying first a definition of social an
psychiatry, you assert as this represents
gave biologic, a psychological,
interpretate in the spirit of sociological
concepts of the humanists. This thing
priveste the study corelationship,
perturbations, dizarmoniilor,
hipoevolutiilor carry containing the
spiritual ensemble of peoples. The
psychiatry can grasp the noxious
appearances of social life, of life as part
as the social group. The psychiatry
sociala be at all the biologic problems the
psychological si of individual, but she
depaseste the sphere psychopathologyi
whereat oprea the psychiatry clasica.
Yet, just ajunsa to the stage psychiatric
sociala, the psychiatry shall abide at in
substance they a branch medicala.
The psychiatry sociala shall have only
that in forerank a conception sociala
închegata. She shall put in practical even
the of a development jobs of assistances
psychiatric to the of a level societies in
change.
 127

For we the psychiatry sociala is branch

which înglobeaza the biologic knowledges
the psychological si, of social size of the
man. The psychiatry sociala studiaza thus
all the social incident to appearances the
complaint psihica, întelegând
therethrough the appearances
etiopatogenetice, evolutional,
therapeutically and prophylactic. To these
must by all means adaugata and the stof
social problem of ill the psyche, obligatiile
society against this, the organization
umanitara institutiei of treatment and
methods of therapy to the level
community. All as part as the social
psychiatry are shall comprise and the
middles wherewith the psychiatry can
influence the factors of responsibilities, in
the sense of the prevention and
treatment bolilor the psyche, as well as
the timeliness of the use of social life of
actually politic si through paticiparea
activate the psychiatrists in benefit of and
the profile shares of health mintala.
Exist, yet, in the settlement of the limits
of social psychiatry, diverging which
opinions hold chiefly of largirea or the
shrinkage of the vision about her area of
activity. Thus, Bastide has in this area a
sprocket somehow deosebita, he
asserting as the area of social psychiatry
 128

can cupride three areas with own

individuality:
1. The psychiatry Sociala - in his
limitary sense;
2. The sociology Bolilor the psyche;
3. The ethnology Bolilor the psyche.
In this sense, the psychiatry sociala
urmareste the social behavior of ill, the
process of socialization and of miss the
contact with the world from swears, that
is with the society reala the individual.
The socialization individual burn concern,
as a matter of fact, the psychology
sociala.
Connection among diferitele social events
the different si guys of the complaint
psihica burn constitute the object of the
sociology bolilor the psyche, branch in
which he he enters and the
psychotherapy of group, the ensemble of
ideation and which methods look
institutia of psychiatric treatments,
relations from this frame institutii, as well
as among institutia psychiatric the
average si unitar.
The psychiatry sociala studiaza therefore
the social phenomena with implicatii
medically and which in his vision Disertori
and Piazza burn be urmatoarele:
Fenomene psihopatologice severally,
binded of a context etiopatologic, social;
 129

Fenomene psihopatologice of community;

Social noxious Efectele challenged of the
individual disturbances the collective si;
Interferenta among psihopatologia
individuala the si aceea the communities.
The psychiatry sociala is due to contains
and the tasks society against psychiatric,
such as the organization institutiei of
treatment, debate of a programs of
health mintala in the mass media, emit of
a laws in different areas of psychiatric
asistentei. Therefore the psychiatry
sociala dealt don’t merely of his individual
social group, but also of the unit as the
whole. The psychiatry sociala, therefore,
which science studiaza the disturbances
the psyches of peoples as the limbs have
the society, is considerata as an unit.
For we the psychiatry sociala has a
signification and a definition a large maul,
because consideram as the the psychiatry
than one singura and aceea is the
psychiatry sociala. In this spoke,
currently about of a existence the biologic
psychological his social psychiatrists(
these were just evolutional stages) is
sens, the psychiatry be a branch bio, but
in which the biologic factors the
psychological si subordoneaza the point
of historic sight the social si, reason for
which the name most potrivita actuofi the
 130

psychiatrists is of PSIHIATRIE SOCIALA.

This thing presupposes as the sociological
his viewpoint actioneze to all nivelurile(
diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis),
inclusively in the area psychopathologyi
the si organization institutionof, what in
fact represents a transformation radicala
a classic psychiatry from the manner of
classify bolilor the feather to the manner
of organization and conduct the
medicamentary shares the si
regenerative. This thing represents
contextually current criptocomunist from
we adevarata a revolution in psychiatry,
with that sensation anxiogena of destroy
of a institutii wagons assure the personal
still more security choosed her profiteers,
but produced inadvertentele and the
ethical errors. This is singurul the roads
wherewith s can achieve the construction
noii the social psychiatrists in România.
The psychiatry sociala is all the some,
even if I arrived the feather there with
the reform, a young branch with a sphere
still imprecisa, but caused already an
innovating breath. Thus, if vechiul alienist
the age considered just a narrow clinician
the si obsessive of desire were considered
the doctor, be preoccupied in particular of
insular cases the si of a morbidity
reduced, actualul doctor psychiatrist
 131

found out ahead of a situatii with

everything different. The place vechilor
epidemics( the plague, were) took today
of cresterea enorma the psychiatric
morbidity, did as actualul the doctor his
psychiatrist is preoccupied of the health
mintala of a enormous table of peoples.
Thus, liniază Coresi, for the doctor old
psychiatrist, the patient the ill somatic
age in first rînd, and the concernment the
problems the psyches and relationof ill of
erau obviously just according as these
arise fromu obviously from the complaint(
as and in situatia altor somatic
complaints). Pentru the current
psychiatrist - a social worker - the patient
is a man grasped in double his reality
individuala and sociala.
The psychiatry sociala is and an
interdisciplinary area. He foloseste don’t
except of psychopathology the si biology,
but also of sociological concepts, the
psychiatry becoming a branch in vision
sociologica.
The sociology borrow the psychiatry a
succesion of specific concepts, such as
those of social groups, psychology
sociala, the dynamics of social groups,
importances of the culture and
civilizations. Sociogeneza bolilor psyches,
as and obligatia society against ill the
 132

psyches enter all in the area of social

psychiatry.
The psychiatry sociala borrow such to
numerous sociology concepts and
viewpoints and just a some a finality,
remaining all the some a branch medicala
- often even a medicine somatica
becomes all a more si a branch sociala.
The psychiatry sociala offers she takes
possesion the medicine an which example
consist in his size sociologica, and the
sociology offers it a field of actvitate
drudgingly and l be it can imagine
singura.
The psychiatry sociala has relatii with the
psychology medicala. She foloseste all
explicatiile psihodinamice, foloseste the
psychological concepts concerning relatia
doctors - patients.
The psychiatry sociala, as the branch
activate, has an activity publish in the
press scisa, to TV, cultivate in the opinion
publish noile values concerning situatia of
mental invalid, antreneaza the society in
the difficult process of treatment and
preventie bolilor the psyche. She
intereseaza of the life economica, a part
from her activity desfasurându in the
frame of the programs of prophylaxis to
the level economic units.
 133

The psychiatry sociala offers diferent

stiinte and lines a succesion of notiuni the
si entities, as well as an activity a practice
in many privinte the commune, in the aim
înbunatatirii quality life and all hail
mental in a moment in which in whole
world vorbeste of rightful health of fiintei
humanely.
Like tasks don’t and can them assume
than an psychiatry a dynamics, carry to
turn to good account and the biologic
knowledges, but and on one of
psychology and sociology. The psychiatry
clasica the age the statics, her activity
limitându just to granitele of his hospital
of of the asylum, reason for which
became adevarata a god send for the
totalitarian societies( she takes possesion
have înclinatii totalitarian.
For such communisms psychiatry express
the quintessence of diofctic materialism
applied in the area stiintelor
psychological( for Marxism, the
materiality psychic the second age the
concept as the importance after the
assertion materiality of the world), chiefly
in a which society don’t else base no on
the moral religioasa and no on the right
principles of the individual.
Have rough-cast the ideological bases of
of the abuse of the psychiatry comuniste
 134

and underlined in the same time the

necessity of the reform, offering solutia of
a creation the social Roumanian
psychiatrists after the model of the
psychiatry from Occident. On this
territory burn be due to întâlneasca all
the psychiatrists of good faithes, reform
our psychiatry be in the sense of current
history, but that we shall as which
generatiile today pasesc in psychiatry and
he who shall feel like don’t indict us as
have no this meaning the sense no in the
dozenth clock for, all the same why he
shall do our generatia, lived chiefly in
communism, the psychiatry sociala
Roumanian all is shall given birth to for,
paraphrasing again same biblical stich,
but that we preach we shall it he does it
the stones.
Relatia PSIHIATRIE - MORALA.
Relatia among psychiatry and the moral is
one of the big acute problems which erect
the society criptocomunista and the job in
which live today. The psychiatry had and
has don’t except a size medicala, but and
one the moral, ill the psyches be a
category umana with specific problems
with an important social pact, reasons
pentrru which the society is due to
considers these these appearances
problems of the ethics amn’t specific
 135

except our age for psychiatry, they

appearing from most old times, the moral
crestina be aceea which erect this the
ethics on most high peaks.
Maugre these considerations, in decursul
of the history” the society” of psychic
were always subdued persecutiilor, for ill
the psyches were goods” most brutal
forms of treatments and most inhuman
forms of attendance. The ill psychic were
due to waits crucial stages of of the
history modified these fate individuals.
Thus, the history citeaza” his liberation
Pinel, as effect of revolutiei Frenches,
wherethrough the complaint psihica to
can be are doingble else humanitarian,
only that role l he gambled it
unquestionably the moral crestina.
Although ill the psyche, as per the moral
became, aproapele our”, what he were
adevarata” disease prejudices”, and
violences and the criminality, natural
phenomena in all were, transferata in
preferential ways about ill the psyches,
although the statistics show as to 1. 000
of ill psyches exist else barrels papers of
violences than to 1. 000 of persons from
populatia generala. This thing only that to
ill scuteasca the psyche of the prejudice”
permanentei his injuriousness”,
motivating an whole cortege of
 136

compulsions, privative middles of

freedom, without can applied and a
proper treatment. Therefore, just as I
have else showed, the psychiatry of the
century of Xix-lea shall be an psychiatry
azilara, but with consciousness as the this
thing is prompted of the utility publish for
mentinerea social linistii, while the
complaint psihica the age considerata
ereditara, with social risk - the patient be
singurul culpable for his complaint, while
the society the age the innocence.
The century of Xx-lea don’t shall else be a
century of his culture of ideation, but he
shall become a century of an ideologies,
in chief of celor of essences totalitara(
comunista and fascist). Fiecare among
these he shall have an attitude distructiva
against ill mental: The fascism through
euthanasia and through the destruction
the ill mental physics for the of a
purification etnii considerate superioara,
the communism having to the practical
same base the element - wish -, but don’t
etnica, but of the class. Although he shall
criticize the Nazism, the communism shall
do from psychiatry a middle placed on
those which criticau the system in a row
ill mental, which then shall it closes it
don’t in lagarele them traditionof, but in
psychiatric hospitals.
 137

Be the psychiatry in the period were

tragica, and morally, as and the religion
were due to, lives just doing
compromisuri. The communists, from
ethical viewpoints, have attacked in
forerank principle human solidarity, of the
cohesion among peoples, the principle of
the part Be in totala opposition with the
principles democratiei pluraliste, of
freedom of his thought partnership. All
what the being in communism the age
passed through the standard masurii in
which therethrough can comunista
consolidated or don’t.
Aparitia tardiva - the years 1960 - 1970 -
in Occident motion for right man, with
extraordinara to can of seduction, in
meant as a matter of fact began
sfârsitului aof empire of bad, just as
rightfully assert the president Regan. The
penetrability of right philosophy did as in
the regard the ethics psychiatric to
modified profoundly. In this frame, the
principles of the christian ethics and of
noii philosophers existentialiste did from
seductia of democratic some irresistible
system of the si, if else adaugam the
changes of generations, can us explain
now avalanches” revolutiilor of velvet”
and caderea of communist system
without of which the stop of psychiatric
 138

repression don’t burn be wealthy no

chance.
Yet, must underlined as the victory
democratiei as the ethical problems of of
his psychiatry takes the end. No in the
democratic systems evoluate the thing
don’t appear as definitive solved, fight for
the mood cease no here and never. Etică
Nazi the si comunista ne demonstreaza
the fragility and the limits of the moral
when is the word psychiatric. This is as a
matter of fact one of the the fundamental
arguments built today adevarata an
psychiatry sociala.
The ill rehabilitation of the psyches raise
today the of a new problem visions,
scilicet aceea socializării ill the psyches,
this be the size the ethics
fundapsychiatrical eticii current in the
area of the psychiatry. Be due to are
constienti as, due to specificului bolilor
psyche, these don’t shall come never
plainly toward society. They are retrasi,
asociali, frequently I am submissive
acelei diseases prejudices. That is why
socializarea have than an alone senses,
from society( psychiatrist) to ill. This is
the conduct the moral correct, carry
finished when ill enter into the society as
the equal. The complaint psihica don’t
loveste the individual in the vitality to - in
 139

biologicul or -, she loveste in his

humanity, in specificul humanely of fiintei
loin, were created of The God and
rendered the nature. Socializarea is
singura condition the moral and the
ethics psihiatrtiei social.
Although socializarea contains and
ergoterapia( and in lagarele of the labor
worked), she depaseste this the which
concept, if s limit here, I don’t burn does
than to robotizeze the individual, to
transform the bed in chair. For this
reason, socializarea appears as a complex
comportamental wagons are due to ape
the life reala, to reantreneze the
individual for all the roles from the life
reala.
The community terapeutrica constituie
again a basic principle of socializării,
chiefly in bolile gravely psyche and with
social important problems. This thing is
due to climb to his stage most rises - the
treatment unitar - in which by-pathes
interesati don’t except the medical
factors, but also the economic factors,
politics, many another personalities, from
father, prelacy, superannuations, persons
with potential economic - patrons etc.
Experiences westerna the therapy
comunitare is reconfortanta for a
psychiatric system encysted how is ours,
 140

but he is clear as the the side economica

holds on to of the development his
community just natiunii. The costs, even
if they shall be big, the benefits society -
linistea or just the productivity - shall be
enormous. As a matter of fact,
therethrough s achieve adevarata a
prophylaxis of the a crime, delincventei,
sociabilităţii, the drugs and s achieve a
true process of health mintala to the level
communities.

Chapter III.
Resistance SI DISSIDENCE PSIHIATRILOR
short ROMÂNI
historian of the psychiatric abuse in be
Uniune Sovietica and to we.
Rusia disposes of a solid historian
concerning the politic abuse in psychiatry.
As a matter of fact, in Rusia, as far back
as 1836 citeaza first the case of politic
 141

psychiatric abuse, when the Russian

philosopher Piotr were characterized of to
tarul Nicolae i as suffers from”
disturbance and insanity”, reason for
were arrested in propria to the house and
visited hebdomadal of to a doctor. But
this don’t the age still a politics deliberata
state, but just an insular case.
After revolutia comunista from 1917, the
utilization of the psychiatry, in first years,
he did sporadically and ad. He is knowed
the case activistei Maria Spiridonova,
carry îsi a big câstigase popularity
through the criticisms bringed the soviet
management, Tribunalul revolutionist
Moscova, in 1918, you attaint it flush out
of the life the politics, on for yearlong,
and her in a isolation the special
hospital”. Spiridonova îsi you realize as
therethrough tried the disgrace of his
politic ideation a date with his removal
the physics. Pedepseau in the same time
as much the man, quotient and his
ideation, what mean adevarata” death
sociala”. Problema they shall be rezolvata
through the dispatch in Turkestan, to the
of a statement the electioneering train.
The period stalinista remains nice and
obscura, from the viewpoint of the
psychiatric repression, the isolation Rusiei
be then complete. In 1931 he appears a
 142

legislation clara in which asserted frankly

as the the psychiatry is due to has as the
aim contributia to the class struggle. Yet,
comparative with the terror stalinista, the
psychiatry shall remain, just as underline
Bukovski, a humanitarian territory.
A like case with the internment of the
miners in psychiatric Spitalul from Zam
he spent to Moscova temporally of of
doilea world war. Thus, the of a
workpeople factories from Moscova
denied to presteze the labor voluntara.
They were arestati all. All received the
diagnosis of schizophrenia and then were
feraţi to Spitalul psychiatric Kazan. The
psychiatrists were submissive the
pressures for declare ill, considering as
their were an act umanitara, the
alternative be lagarul of concentration.
Considered as, begining from 1956, after
get the power his Hrusciov the si after
the launch” coexistentei pasnice”, the
psychiatry i is shall confer a role an
important maul. Holding celebrul speech
to one of Xx-lea congress of P. C. S.,
Hrusciov you denounces the horrors
staliniste and shall pledge liberalizarea of
communist regime, but, in the same
time, Red army distrugea revolutia
maghiara.
 143

The union Sovietica hrusciovista, like and

România or celelalte countries comuniste,
is shall learn now between two
contradictory tendinte - afirmatia as the
in these strong defeated definitively and
as the don’t the maul exist the prisoners
politics and no the necessity of repression
maintained the system and, in fact, the
intensification of the fight anticomuniste,
chiefly from noii generatii. In this context,
the role of the psychiatry becomes
primordial, the mavericks becoming the ill
mental automata, thing on which, I saw
hereinbefore, express it and Nicolae
Ceausescu in 1965.
This thing shall do as from the years ‘60
the psychiatric his hospital becomes an
alternative a commode lagarului of
concentration and prison. Hrusciov you be
helped in this papers of to the
academician Snejnevski, alike how and to
we in this the period come from the
studies from S.U. And enter directly in
the management of the psychiatry V.
Predescu and St. Milea. As and
Ceausescu, Hrusciov consider as in
socialism don’t the maul can appear a
consciousness socialistă. Bazându on the
dogma marxista wagons spunea as the
existences cause the consciousness, they
consider as a date comunized an
 144

economy and an whole the life sociala,

these burn does imposibila aparitia of the
ideation anticomuniste. For this reason,
nor mostenirea passed and no” the
diversion of world imperialism” don’t can
explain the ideation anticomuniste, but
the complaint mintala can offer a solution
admirabila.
The task of the psychiatry in the
advanced stage of build the communism
his age reeducate on these” invalids”,
ascribable thing of of a party reliable
persons the si on which already hight.
From this moments, in the countries
comuniste unlives the politics the
systematics of internment in the hospitals
psychiatric.
The advantages of the repression bazate
on psychiatry erau represented in
forerank of discretia of the papers(
without noisy process), question l he
seduced it on Hrusciov, as otherwise and
on Ceausescu. From 1970, the use of the
psychiatry in politic aims becomes well
documentata, adevarata an institutions in
which is involved the state.
Exist marturii binded of Spitalul from
Kazan, but hardly from 1970 this hospital
shall get adevarata to the fame funesta.
The hospital from Kazan found out below
directa supervised NKVD, here be adunati
 145

the bolters politics from whole Uniune

Sovietica. Many among ill erau deliranti
with the theme the politics, but exist and
a little group of individuals sanatosi
internees there for their convictions.
The years ‘60 the maul characterized
through the creation of institutii
specializate the si through the
construction, in be S.U., Quotient and to
we, of hospitals. Thus, to Cerniahvsk,
Minsk, Dnetropietrovsk, Orel, to we to
Balaceanca, Poiana Mare, Raducaneni,
Cula, P. Groza organizeaza a true gulag of
psychiatric hospitals for the bolters
politics. The number bolters internees is
very big, but Cortina of Fier don’t you
permits knew this amplitude the
phenomenon of to populatia respective
his country of to Occident. In S.U.
appears vestitul Institut Serbsky, and to
we, through symmetry, Serviciul VIII of
Spitalului Gh. Marinescu. I appear the
name of bolters knowns by reason of
notoriety of which bucurau: Naum,
Pisarev, Volpin, Naritsa, Samsonov, Sultz,
Belov, to we Rosoga, Nestor Popescu etc.
These phenomena caused reactii
internationof remostrant which
culminated with the exclusion soviet
psychiatrists from Organizatia Mondiala of
Psihiatrie, in 1982.
 146

In România the communists have no

found a traditions in the victimization
bolters politics through the utilization of
the psychiatry. First signs of anxieties
appeared in the years ‘70, when
acumulasera in different hospitals
psychiatric numerosi bolters. In 1977
aveam already first bolters of notoriety
intern and internationala and which aflau
below the power of the abuse of politic
psychiatry, be take in adoptiune of
organizatiile internationof( dr. The cup, V.
Paraschiv, Nestor Popescu etc). În 1978,
independently, Amnisty International you
confirm the existence of the abuse of
politic psychiatry in România, publishing a
list with 30 of cases of psychiatric abuses
proved.
After this gived România you be present
alongside of S.U. to all the reunions
internationof, blamata for the use of the
psychiatry in actiunea of persecute the
bolters politics. Come into existence the
protest motions, and in the country
înfiinteaza Liga Anticomunista Psihiatrilor,
carry in conditii of illegality îsi propunea
to dun wherethrough the Roumanian his
psychiatry comes out from under
dominatia of communist group of the si
sovietizat. As and Hrusciov, Ceausescu
 147

you create a legislation adecvata whereof

already have else speaked.
Resistance and dissidence Roumanian
psychiatrists.
Fourty and five of years of communist left
deep traces in all lines from our country.
Cunoscutele principles cominformiste of
Kgb-ului - in which the age prescribed”
recipe revolutionara” of transform the in a
country soviet moon on the strength of
the communist ideology - they applied in
all areas social life the si stiintifice. The
psychiatry don’t only that do the
exception from the rule, but we can say
as in this area the involved ideology with
elder aggressiveness bulversând the
principles and practise of a honest
medical branch.
Were and is a little country, she has a
language of little the in a such circulation
homesickness the heroes are of habits
ignorati, and sometimes the of a whole
heroism natiuni can be overlooked.
The heroism belongs to just big celor, and
if somebody dintr the country as our
becomes the hero, he is due to the
indispensable fault with recognition from
alta part, dintr big the metropolis as the
then, as a rule, nor to don’t else he is the
citizen of his country. The examples are
 148

too numerous the grievous si for

România.
Were ignorata and just frequently tradata
of The Europe, in existed puternica a
resistance against communism. In
România he struggled in mountains with
the weapon in the hand feather in the
years ‘60, in existed Gulag and he can
most savage the experiment of wash the
brain and of social engineering -
experimetul Pitesti -, in existed
repression the politics by dint of the
psychiatry, but and acerba an opposition
a psychiatrists, just as they were her,
strangers worldlike westerna and without
the of a notoriety publicities of which
beneficiau of Russian example.
The history nedreptatit and shall else
injustices the little countries, but to
posibila” the judgement of then” the
history, respecting the size, our country
îsi shall binemerita a honourable place in
the united front of the which fought
against the tyranny.
The phenomenon rezistentei in psychiatry
- build-in area of regime as the a
method” aseptic” of repression -
declansat in our precocious country the si
can said near reflexively, when the
brutality of communist became notorious.
 149

Failing of a documents writed still more

selected presented of the mass media, in
the atmosphere of dezinteres the which
Europe aside it is facuse on the strength
of our different fairs with Rusia comunista
the which si declansat as much of late the
motion benefica right man, chiefly
straightened this atentia motions and
toward the repression psychiatric, he
established nice and difficult were this
phenomenon and were the resistance
psychiatrists, inclusively from our
country, abused the totalitarianism
psychiatric.
Yet, the subject be avoided, natiune,
even a profession lack to know the past,
and if this history don’t is written how
much the precocious maul, with as much
else difficult still more little credible he
shall be this subsequent thing. Therefore,
bazându on of the facts on which lived
them directly, on the capacity of
agreement and the synthesis of which
dispose, you try to this abordam subject
urmarind the phenomenon of resistance
and of dissidence the Roumanian
psychiatrists in too long night comunista
intimately two generatii.
The reduced number of bolters and
mavericks from our psychiatry don’t
constituie an impediment, for don’t
 150

except in her psychiatry were putini, but

in tote the areas. Can of a group, just as
is known as far back as the philosophy
ca, don’t consist of the sum can fiecarui
the individual, a group shall exceed
always a this expression the
mathematics.
In the Roumanian psychiatry existed
dissidence”, afirmau with nonchalance
fostii executioners as part as of a serial
from the newspaper comunist”
Dimineata” or the reporter of sad the
fame E. Vofriu, in a serial of television,
when this institution the age the total
aservita of a politic formatii
criptocomuniste. Is really accidental as
the the which psychiatrists do like
affirmations are just those which violated
the psychiatry decades in a row in the
period of communist totalitarianism?”
Existed psychiatric abuses from existed
the bolters in psychiatry, the teacher erau
responsibilities and of a generosity goed
out of a common”, declare Piticaru to
aprope five years after prabusirea of the
communism in believed and of profited
seing slaba reactions of the mates of the
psychiatrists, as and slaba memory celor
carry stood obediently in” the cage” of
the totalitarianism across four decades
 151

and which shall carry still longtime

rearwards this cage.
Is an error, of former gentlemans of
current si nomenclaturisti, delators, today
teacher. Adevarul is all the other way. For
in consisted these competence” teacher”,
bată on plebeian decades? Exist from
viewpoint materially or as the the manner
practised the psychiatry vreo the
difference between his age Obregia(
1923) - carry for his time placed to
European level - and situatia of our
psychiatry from present( with exceptia of
the import four - five medicines, all from
Occident)? he built really after 23 August
1944 at least a new hospitals of
psychiatry?
1. Continuity And limits of dizidentei
Roumanian psychiatrists.
The problem opozitiei the si
dizidentei Roumanian psychiatrists is
clear as the can involve passions, the
hatred, tendency of of a revenge
generatii wagons lived 45 of years of
communisms and, with or without
they had raspunderi in the psychiatry
comunista.
Yet, wherethrough which generatiile
feel like knows adevarul still more
selected hystorical in order to don’t
 152

repeat tragicele experiente, is good

his we write about this the age, to
show the which youth shall come
after we adevarul about cumplita
attempt wherewith overblown the
psychiatry.
Our psychiatry, although he has a
long historian, is better knowed from
the century of Xx-lea, when pleiada
professorial the big si professionals(
Obregia, Parhon, Balif, Constanta
Stefanescu-parhon, Dosios,
Tomescu, Sebastian Constantinescu
etc.) They have successful,
arduously of exceptions, to found
hospitals psychiatric and a school
psychiatric sincrona with the level of
European psychiatry from that the
age.
As a matter of fact, in 1944 product
a break istorica bore the psychiatry
backward, to the level of the
psychiatry comuniste soviet. The
communists put the past to index, in
the same time with an whole pleiada
of Roumanian which psychiatrists
afirmasera vigorous on European
plans. Must of now to slujeasca an
ideology a politics, a politic party, the
communist party, to slujeasca of the
 153

interests anticristice of of the class

hatred.
And he can now he is his moment
call to mind first bolter, i. Scobercea,
an excellent medical wizard the
which chief, hearing of his intentia
Derevici( that fatal prime communist
director of the hospital, comed
operable dressed still in his apparels
of officer of S.U.), Gave his order is
molten his bust Obreja( he who from
his built the hospital, but fusese
stole), the bust and l he dug in it his
cellar. Hardly in the years ‘70,
appeared a contexts a tolerant maul
the si when all întrebau where is the
bust this were took out and redonat
of the hospital of to i. Scobercea. If
his deed burn be former bared,
blândul gentleman Scobercea burn
be former messenger to Canal of to
fostul Roumanian spy, now
nomenclaturist and be ilegalist.
Really this deed man of exception
represented an ahead opposition
brutality of communist regime,
against our past the historian,
against those which they conduced
to the progress of the psychiatry.
Take possesion the teacher did 16
 154

years of prisons wherethrough for

the past two saptamâni of
government were due to accepts
appointement of minister of
Sanatatii.” How puteam deny to the
son the minister my country in
situatia of disaster in which found
out in those moments? But never I
were consulted of Antonescu in
military problems”, appeared he to
the process” of warlike criminals.
All here are taken down and actiunea
aofasi director ilegalist and the spy -
Derevici which gave the hospital
which l he built it Obreja from
propria fortune the name of Spitalul
Gh. Marinescu, which stood just two
saptamâni in this hospitals, but
which have the advantage were
former son of the washerwoman.
Time to time senior the hospital
prompted the communist teacher of
the si of the parleamentary deputy -
V. Predescu - to do demarches to
Consiliul of Stat for the
reestablishment name on which the
hospital burn must to carry - acela of
the founder or this answered as the
problem is minora kidnaped” from
his time Ceausescu. Don’t merely in
 155

1973, nor yet today nership, of

freedom of thought,
///////////////
This injustice corectata, wherethrough he
who drove and drive the hospital am
same except than mentality, quotient and
as the physical persons( as a matter of
fact, now the hospital numeste Al.
Obregia, but don’t in 1994, when scriam
the work.
Succeeded 1944 is known and is seen
and today. Our became a branch
dezvoltată and coercitiva drived of
persons mediocre, limited, I carry had
can intelectuala to do the school.
Supravetuit merely through the folder of
frames, carry had to to is how much the
proper maul with cerintele of communist
regime. Pleiade continuums of old
psychiatrists were persecutati, some
closed, and gradually and they missed his
trace died in a the atmosphere of
indifference, uitându near all what did be
so izolati that to have no no hold over
youngsters generatii.
What be due to reprosam generatiilor of
politruci from psychiatry, just as
selectionat the party? In forerank le
reprosam the humiliating ahead
uncomplainingness of politic organs,
 156

stoparea oricarui access toes informatia

of speciality. For 45 of years existed the
books, reviews, participations to his
another reunions shifts of informatii with
the sphere of western world. But most
chiefly for were, teribila confined to the
reality zilnica, transforming the psychiatry
in what as a matter of fact is and today,
that is in a job pompieristic of
intervention for ill the psyches agitate,
the absence totala the social size, the
break of the psychiatry of all the medical
branchs, of the at large culture, branch
catching up condignly last word in the
frame of medical world. Is can now easily
consisted as the subjugation of the
psychiatry of the regime of repression
singurul evil on the communism l he did it
the psychiatry; Hereto he added
mentinerea able to branchi under-
development.
This thing happened while multi aspirau
to do a career adevarata, but as a matter
of fact they missed they discouraged or
they emigrated this transformed generatii
of psychiatrists in which individuals they
flowed as some shades shuted up,
nostalgically and which, without
oppositions, alighted on first plan, at least
in psychiatric învatamântul, on the
 157

peoples becomed of power. And thus the

format zeci of generatii mediocre wiping.
This thing he did the politics subtila of
selection artificiala, in which any projects
the different maul the age weened
dissidence, a reactionary thing.
Dissidence - frequently some unburnable
facts be be due to hurt on nobody - the
age puted of politruci on the expense”
lack of orientate logică”. Multi in a
employee the fight without hope, but
they were due to I confined to the level”
of the teacher”, to the of a administration
the string whereof waited the cure bolilor
the psyche.
Therefore were the atmosphere cotidiana
psychiatry, waves exist censor it every his
ideation initiative, with a such activity
scientificly politrucilor, ţipa and
neinteresanta, without ideation and with
some mediocre which reunions left the
noughts than can the of a keepsake
interventii of a of psychiatrists, always
outwardly Bucharestlor. The age, au fond,
the lifelong word lived from hand to
mouth, without hidebound, with a
practice obscura and a life cotidiana
subculturala.
Frequently, dissidence demonstrated in
little due disputes incompetentei sefilor,
but therethrough he don’t means as don’t
 158

the age periculoasa, everything putându

interpret politic. Discutiile vocationally
don’t can finalize because venea the
moment when decidea eh attitude the
politics have in that chat profesionala and
everything ramânea nefinalizat. The lack
of his communication the communication
neautentica don’t rezumau except to
relatia with the patients, but and to
relations among doctors, everything were
an insipid procession the si ţipa. The
barriers erau tensely and definitive
established. One the young reuseau
sometimes to else breaks the boot
informationala, to achieve as exist and an
another guy psychiatric, to have vague
notiuni of psychotherapy, psychiatry
sociala, comunitara and just to know a
range a large maul of medicines whereat
the Roumanian doctor no to dream. In
the practice, only that, against these
phenomena don’t exist than the
resignation, they erau stopate don’t
merely of the material appearances the
bankrupt si, but chiefly of the barrier
logică, tremulously of cataloguized as
reactionary the si of miss were, threw in
a asylum dintr locality rurala missed on
the map.
Communist ideologists have the
psychiatry acreditau against young the
 159

idea as the in our psychiatry everything is

clarified and definitive once accords with
the ideology of the party, and the
psychiatry had to in forerank his answers
to these exacting. When I did programs
of the reform as part as narrow of the
then mixed practice answer pompously of
to Predescu and Lohan:” Don’t exist the
nought of reformer to we, our psychiatry
is relevantly. How îti enable to illustrate
with our job?”. The phenomenon most
grave the age acela of selection and
promotion frames of which the party
dealt with eldest the care. In 24 of hours,
the peoples of big the culture from the
frame Catedrei psychiatric were
concediati, abiding at conversely the
mediocrities, nay which dezechilibratii,
certainly, after revolutions unlived acerba
fight for power( all became conferentiari,
sefi of works, and his granddaughter
entered conferentiara without after day
pedagogica, can on the strength of the
fact as the the age the conductress with
the security on hospital, on his time
Ceausescu). Co-merituosii were
marginalizati and holded in a manetă
menace. For 45 of years, drive were in
the of a alone hands man, hardly in 1989,
when the match logică the age missed,
were quick doed communist teacher from
 160

the echelon two with nothing else jos

than fostul them the chief. As a matter of
fact, all three did than to îndeparteze
with discreet gestures on all one able.
They remained just as meritau, just with
the mediocrities.
Can this were? This a calculating process,
a strategy? Looking now retrospective the
si without the passion, cann’t yes than an
affirmative answer, although this the
politics the age the duke with discretion,
and alive cotidiana aveai more the
impression as the is the more word of
affinities and dislikes of marelui
communist chiefs, as everything depindea
of the manner in which purtai with sefii.
The favorite one submissive age, but still
more agreat the one smarmy age, carry
can to do boss ofui jobs more or less
professional still more selected he who
don’t had solid aspiratii. Anything the
person valoroasa the age goed aside.
Optiunea and politic atasamentul erau
esentiof, and adevarata loyalty measured
in how many jobs puteai does boss ofui
and at all erai an another Securitatii
element in the domination logică
constituted the institutionalization
domination of the psychiatry from
Bucharest against all centers from the
country. Here hotara the charterage titles
 161

and tuturor of the jobs from whole the

country, maugre nemultumirilor create of
this mandarinat communist.
For this reason, the domination
politrucilor had consecinte for whole the
country, chiefly as the whole preparation
tinerilor the psychiatrists the age
monopolizata of Bucharest. To ne
imaginam just how arise from the life in
the psychiatry from celelalte psychiatric
centers of country, with exceptia school
from Timisoara, waves, graces dizidentei
the teacher Pamfil, activated in singularily
alta world, an world on which Predescu
the si ciracii saddles exemplificau as the
socialistă the si reactionara isolating with
all the powers of which dispuneau( but to
we don’t forget as and revolutia began to
Timisoara, waves the age alta the
atmosphere culturala.
All these phenomena had as the output
the mutilation and handicaparea of
Roumanian psychiatry. In psychiatry,
from politic reason, penetrated numerous
personalities dizarmonice or just
sociopate, many comed from another
medical branch whence were rejetate,
numerosi are his nephews have the politic
nomenclature, which in a persons short
times deveneau extremely aggressive,
ocupau as a rule except functii of
 162

management in chair of psychiatry, in his

ambulatory hospitals. In this kinds, all
these institutii were mutilate, the
promotion of malignant created
adevarata a net incompetentei a
professional, with individuals
dezechilibrati feather were batausi,
peoples without vocations for psychiatry,
mânati just of desire reusitei the si
obtinerii can social. Their appointment
are doing without his contest abaft of a
contests trucate, on the life, while those
merituosi had tou to is subdued or to
leave, inclusively to emigrate.
Thus of situatii continue and after 1989
on behalf of of a solidarities vechilor
practise, of a bad solidarities. Just the
attempt sincera of a psychiatrists cinstiti
of create an associations profesionala an
independences - Asociatia Psihiatrilor
were, decimate and practical desfiintata
through the infiltration in drive fostilor
communist teacher the si her use in fight
for jobs and material advantages for they.
And this thing happened the past
peoples, after shorten it a period in which
asteptau to shares of the kind celor on
her oneself they promoted them, when
the communists got the power, passed to
attack, îsi search with asiduitate we
 163

protectors( chiefly from the row of

historic parties.
Feather now don’t he produced no the
reform in psychiatry and the peoples
without merits are still ahead of desk,
sectiilor of psychiatry, sometimes as the
director. Certainly, all insured from the
age comunista of a resume with zeci of
works and many out books in the
publishing houses comuniste, waves had
the unlimited access on politic bases,
many have the pompous titles, but
analyse these works show big an wild,
even if they did the attempts and after
1989. Au fond, these required authors
remained the victims of the communist
ideology, orientate wherewith they they
flirted all and which he impregnated them
the personality. And all this the pastiche,
this the ideological plagiarism he brought
them titles doctoral, of docent the si
asteptau without the uneasiness the titles
of academicians. Au fond, he is the word
of a demarche of falselor a values, false
personalities, false which ambitions
always they interfered in afront, and
currently they try to falsify the past. To
ne else wonder now as the they did or
done now then except abuses?
In their fight for the reform, Psihiatrii
Liberi tried in forerank an alliance with
 164

one from areas nepsihiatrice, don’t as

much with the which doctors in psychiatry
became rezervati and philistines,
frequently santajabili for their past, he
tried the alliance with which literatis know
to appreciate the freedom, carry stiau the
sense life and of sacrifice, with
democratic reporters, adevarata revelatie
postrevolutionara.
Must therefore to forget us dolefully and
the distance to the guy of psychiatrist
conformist, philistine, meanly, based, au
fond, on nihilistic ideation( as nothing
don’t else can do, as nothing don’t is shall
else can change, as everything is useless,
sisific, as throughout in world is spent
this ipocrita the masquerade, and the
complaint psihica is an implacable tribute
of civilization, a residue, an inevitable
refuse). Acesti peoples, apparently
toleranti, delasatori, I carry as a matter
of fact formeaza the majority, constituie
as and before massage swap fostei
nomenclatures.
Although these peoples must the convicts
as the guys of subintelectuali, these were
and am first in the politics, in patriotism,
in big sentences, bombastically in which
shown înduiosati of the ill fate, carry
shown now sentimental, requiring as they
harmed nimanui. But positively the
 165

history shall it condemn it. He is positive

as he who they shall come you
investigate else closely situatiile these. In
just all way the medical branchs have
institutii else solid, they have the
representatives stralucitori, while the
psychiatry agonizeaza, neputând go out
of the curse of politic abuse of the si of
ideologizarii they, lipsita of proper
institutii of his treatment research.
2. Evolutia dizidentei in psychiatry.
Maugre the tonus of the pessimist
and the immobilism of the majority
of the psychiatrists, carry roughly
moments, when the change burn be
former posibila, they delivered as
massaged swap in the hands can, in
psychiatry a motion remostrant and
of existed from have not to no to ne
exaltam, nor yet s forget. Au fond,
the lack of history, even of a
professions can be the eldest curse
from this viewpoint our work is in
forerank an attempt of reconstitute
of a historic which phenomenon he
unfurled and believe as this thing
shall do sometime honesty branchi
our.
Trying a systematization opozitiei in
the Roumanian thought psychiatry as
 166

the this phenomenon burn can,

didactic speaking, to is splited in
certain historic distinct stages.
You follow therefore the stages most
important:
1. The stage Proletcultista, began
along with ocupatia sovietica held
the feather between decade ‘60. Is
a pure stage stalinista the si of
enforce the soviet model in direct
way( with help of soviet advisers of
the si of Roumanian which spies
activated for S.U. Or Comintern).
Ca and in the remainder sectors of
activity, and in psychiatry the stage
caracterizeaza through the
destruction deliberata intellectualss,
is the stage of direct repression,
implacably and groundless - with
his without politic process -,
physical suppressions and lagarelor
of concentration in which the
Roumanian psychiatrists have
stipendiary a big human tribute.
2. The stage Creation Of ideological
structure and sovietizarii the total,
without as the official his country
the maul is below job. Is the stage
in which appear the frames of”
specialists” pregatite in S.U.(
 167

Predescu, Milea, Ofxandrescu etc),

the stage covering the years ‘60
and ‘70. Now politic ideological
exigentele shall lead to the
stultification of the professionalism,
censor and the ideological check
shall be total the solid si, vechile
tricks wherewith erau pacaliti of
soviet his adviser vechii ilegalisti
don’t the maul go with noile frames
scolite in marxista. Is entered
censored it informationala totala,
chiefly about the literature and
informatiilor comed from Vest,
appears ideologizarea branchi
chiefly through the of a creation
materialistic entities, were
teoretizarea the medical model and
of institutional carceral about which
spoke previously.
Also, from the must external prestige
thereto tânjea Ceausescu, thereout
the stage begins - don’t sporadically
as the before, but systematically -
the politic abuse in psychiatry, this
becoming and to we aliata of the
organs of repression.
3. The stage Dizidentei the si opozitiei
opened and bravely of a little
groups of psychiatrists or of a
 168

psychiatrists izolati, which shares

had as the new supports philosophy
concerning fight for” law man”
between 1975 - 1989. Is attacked
don’t except the pragmatic system
from the psychiatry oficiala, but
and the psychiatric individual
abuses the si started the shares
reformiste and of substantiate of a
the social Roumanian psychiatrists,
even if everything is obliged his
confined to theoretical
considerations.
4. The stage Criptocomunista of after
1989 the si feather currently,
dominata of the fight vechii
nomenclatures or communists
frustrati entered into noile
structures of can, many renuntând
formal to communism and adhering
all formal to the historic parties, but
and the attempt of create Asociatiei
Psihiatrilor Liberi, which act, from
pacate, today he is partial esuata
through taking over of her
management of to fostii communist
careerists.
1. The stage Proletcultista.
Were brought into România of to
Stalin, with help Armatei Rosii. In
1945, in our country existau just
 169

800 of communists, big part

among they activating as part as
Cominformului and nefiind at least
Roumanian citizens.
Choicely, still ante the busyness
country, in S.U. he formed, below
directa guide his Stalin and
Vâsinski, adevarata” the column 5-
a”, carry have the plans and force
necesara - Red army - for
comunizarea României.
The years 1945 - 1960 constituted
a period in which our knew an
earnest regress through rusificarea
fortata branchi and an interference
directa Russian his by dint of
fostilor which spies alcatuiau the
column 5-a, of the guy aof prime
director of sad the fame whereof
spoke already. In this the period is
put in the practice the model
stalinist experimented in S.U. - of
destroy the intellectualss and the
elite from different lines, the
psychiatry nefacând the exception
from this act. Isn’t decimate
merely be drive, but also the
outstanding personalities of
branchi, on the reason of the class
 170

struggle and of extirpation of the

way of bourgeois thought.
The Roumanian were due to does
step backward in order to aligned
the level and manierii of practice
sovietica the psychiatry, there
existing already an experience
comunista of 30 of years. To
Bucharest, Derevici, agent of
cominformului, ilegalist and the
soviet spy, îsi takes in reception
appointement of director of of else
big psychiatric hospital from the
country. Is the word of an
unprofessional which personality
don’t are doing no a secrets came.
Dressed for months together in
the uniform of colonel of the soviet
army in which luptase feather then
against Armatei Române,
presupusei his strong.
Don’t is can spoken in this case
the prototype of communist
activist of a qualification
profesionala. As a matter of fact,
he takes possesion ridicule on
adevaratii psychiatrists and
demonstrate a contempt
nedisimulat for the life scientificly
or for the professional reunions.
 171

His mission his age sovietizeze the

psychiatric hospital from
Bucharest, most big from the
country. He oferea, for instance,
through propria will, the hospital
with 3. 000 of beds for a soviet
experiments, finded out then in
S.U. in the beginning, scilicet such
unify the hospitals, destroying
therethrough assistances
psychiatric and transforming this
hospital mammoth specialized
became the hospital raional with
all medical build-in specialties.
Fall-back on meant only that
decades of expectation and of
disfunctionalitate asistentei
psychiatric.
Conversely, he is congratulated in
a soviet newspaper, Meditinskaia
Gazeta, carry spunea to that gived
as:” The experiment unification of
the hospitals, against which the
soviet doctors still successful in a
ezitau hospitals from România,
below the guidance tovarasului
Ipolit Derevici.
Still from the setting-up of
communist regime of the past to
the decapitation of the psychiatry
 172

through the arrest specialists, on

reasons as the, through what
practise, raspândesc ideation
acţionare, bourgeois, of the guy of
his psychoanalysis of the
psychology. He who had a certain
role temporally war am doomed as
the be” warlike criminals”.
Profesorul Tomescu, had, this fate(
16 years the penal servitute), and
the associate teacher Sebastian an
excellent Constantinescu were,
doomed to prison except were
contributory in the frame Catedrei
psychiatric the teacher Tomescu.
Little whole community of
psychiatrists - round of 200 of
persons - is subdued of a pitiless
repressions. Psihanalisti of
prestige, as Popescu-sibiu, C.
Vlad, like another outstanding
personalities, am arestati( i.
Biberi, margineanu, Popeea etc.),
A date with they be arestate and
the ideation stiintifice on which le
these promovau elites and which
aflau to unison with The Europe in
the promotion of the ideation and
the psychological concepts to we.
But were and is still dusmanul
 173

deathly of materialistic ideation in

psychiatry. To ne else întrebam
really why no today be, but au
fond actuala the nomenclature
comunista, he don’t enters than
formal the psychology in
pregatirea students and just
psychiatrists?
The destruction and terasarea of
the psychiatry to the level celei
soviet is shall assured and through
the changes of frames, in
psychiatry penetrating the failures
altor branch medically, carora li he
pledged and obtained in psychiatry
important jobs of management.
His granddaughter Derevici the si
sotul they( couple Meiu), from
obscure doctors consultants of
2. The stage ideologizarii and
soDepth.
Conceptualizarea” scientificly” the
abusive psychiatry.
After the stage proletcultismului, I
carry you apply in psychiatry” the
methods revolutionare” in which
politicul involved directly on behalf
of purification proletarian and of
the class struggle, situation in
 174

which the value profesionala don’t

the maul gamble the no practical
the role, after 1960 the thing fall
to I changed. Given” the leave”
criticized obsessional decade in all
lines, and the psychiatry falls to is
solid grasped in the ideology,
aservita the politics of repression
after the soviet example, but this
time, actiunea is dirijata of
persons scolite and chiefly of one
come from the studies from S.U.
Pleiada of” young frames” soseste
with this end in view from Moscova
or Leningrad, be dirijata through
administrative ukases toward the
spheres of management of the
ministry, of the chair of psychiatry,
to unison with the politics the duke
in all the purviews( the culture,
science, the technique etc).
applied now new strategy of the
party.
If in first the period the activity”
teoretica” ramânea in a
rudimentary stage, in the case
when don’t the complete age
ignorata, dicteul politic replacing in
brutal way the direct si
fundamentarea scientificly,
 175

teoretica, after 1960 the thing

tending changed, the party
propunându another middles in
the sight obtinerii aofasi the
repressive result. Dirijarea the
psychiatry of the adult, of infantile
psychiatry, take the lead big
psychiatric hospitals, you be taked
over, in a” big campaign”, of soviet
tinerii” or of one come directly
from the rows Securitatii( Virgil
Angheluta), young young avid
persons of power, well îndoctrinate
and ready to any compromise for
those which they flushed out of it
their mediocrity funciara.
From this moment begins the
program of theorize logică with
pretension” scientificly”, is begun
the of a new construction the
psychiatrists on which now they
you appoint it pompously” the
socialist psychiatry”, certainly,
thwartly with one burgheza,
westerna. V. Predescu becomes
boss of absolutely, credited of the
communist party. He is boss of
politic the professional si of the
Roumanian psychiatry, although
have the of a qualification the
 176

doctor of the pediatric general

practice, again St. Milea you take
over with same ardor the
psychiatry infantila, both be
pensioned off constrained the
titular teacher.
Just as we shall see, in quick ways
îsi a such creeaza the school
constituita from good individuals
taţi of to parties and Securitate,
with certified folder, thereto they
shall unlive the avalanche of
scriitura marxista the si pavlovista,
adevarate materials of guidance
logică as part as the socialist
which casneau to give birth to it.
Through the subjugation of special
is shall establish censor it acerba,
everything be checked up and
conducted. Anything material
which aspire after the printings
had to to is preliminarily certified
ideological the si approved of two
tartori numiti and agreati of his
actually Predescu of he takes
possesion. These don’t autorizau
than good items ideological
orientate from tolerau no criticize,
nor vreo bear off their psychiatry
oficiala.
 177

In this the age raised Eduard

which Pamfil, in half-blood conditii,
to Timisoara, îsi builds a school
psychiatric in order to carei
activity generatiile the years 1960
- 1970 shall it remains it
recunoscatori. Timisoara, in those
constituted, the stone of
poticneala the ideological
pragmatism in psychiatry
represented through the couple
celor come from S.U.( Milea -
Predescu) and proved as don’t as
much the repression in itself, but
chiefly lichelismul, the tameness,
of spirit of sacrifice did from
psychiatry a branch without
defenceless this si toward rusinea
which psychiatrists credeau as the
except the uncomplainingness the
age singura” the tactics” of
survival in communism, reason for
which have renuntat easy to any
opposition.
Is deserved presented some gived
biographical of of the illustrative
maul bolter from the Roumanian
psychiatry, Eduard Pamfil.
Eduard Pamfil( 1912 - 1994) and
he were educated at Cluj, where
 178

closed Facultatea of the medicine

in 1937. In 1938 he goes on
Franta and îsi continue the studies
to Paris, to Centrul of Neurologie,
below his management Lermitte.
Activeaza as military doctor in the
time war, then lucreaza again to
Paris in the many maul hospitals,
among which and St. Anne with H.
Ey.
Comed back in the country,
lucreaza firstly as the neurologist
to Spitalul Gh. Marinescu, feather
in 1948, in 1949 becoming the
lecturer to Catedra psychiatric
from Cluj.
In 1959 he is arrested politic
drove” bande of students”
temporally of a outpourings
occasioned of after day January. In
fact, Pamfil rostise just a patriotic
speech from the balcony of the
house of the teacher Hateganu,
whereat found out in the visit. Find
out us in the period
internationalismului the
proletarian, and the love for S.U.
had to to primeze against of the
love homesickness, reason for
 179

which actiunea were considerata

were. Held in prison, without the
judgement, for 10 monthes. To
process, the teacher the alone
apparatus, be doomed to
constrained residence, to an
asylum childlike irecuperabili from
orasul of boundaries Siret. To the
desk, the former place taked of
the delator and the witness his a
certain indictment Rosu.
In 1963, below the pressure
fostilor saddles pupils, is hight
teachers to Catedra psychiatric
from Timisoara. From politic
reason the si through his
Predescu, i is rejected the arrival
as the teacher in Bucharest, and in
1977 dissidence to don’t else is
supported and is retired
constrained.
Hindered of conviction the politics,
Pamfil and the school psychiatric
created you represent for 10 - 15
years the point of reference of
rezistentei against the rudimentary
psychiatry, sovietizate couple
Predescu - Milea. Is known as
these decimasera Catedra
psychiatric from Bucharest created
 180

a new the desk formated, near

exclusively, from individuals
dubiosi, with solid a politic folder.
The one two shall compose a
minute plan for form’s sake and
indoctrinate the Roumanian
psychiatrists. Noile soviet concepts
become now values of references,
reasons for which begin
outpourings of hight bombastic
propagation his symposiums
conferinte nationof, wherethrough
are shall launched, with clarions
and trâmbite, noile concepts of the
socialist psychiatry, creându
through these outpourings the of a
illusion confrontations and of a
realities stiintifice, I carry as a
matter of fact don’t exist.
In this contexts evidentiat the
school from Timisoara, led by
Pamfil and avându nearby on
Stosel and Ogodescu, as well as
an whole pleiada of young. From
pacate, subsequently, many
among they had taria
temperamental master, pretându
to compromisuri with Predescu for
titles and functii, transfers
Bucharest, which le be them just
 181

the si without this cession the

moral. Thus he dissolved in latter
school from Timisoara, and the
teacher retired in disgust Pamfil,
but don’t defeated.
For the years 1960 - 1975 can say
as the resistances against the
ideological pragmatism in had the
capital to Timisoara the si in
another orase from the west
country - Sibiu, Oradea, Arad etc.
To Iasi, Bucharest, Cluj the
decimation vechii guards and
replace this with politruci the si
peoples have Securitatii or simply
with thin eager peoples just of did,
as the attitude celor come with
mission from S.U. To dominate
them the activity and to degrade
the psychiatry bringing to the
stage in which found out and
today.
For 10 - 15 years, the school from
fought for the honour of
Roumanian psychiatry, against the
communist obscurantism, for the
promotion western values, of the
progress in psychiatry. There the
psychological values were
 182

reconsiderate, gambled the role on

which must to gamble in relatia
doctor - patient, the report the
age near to the level of the
psychiatry from Occident.
Forbidden concepts of to the
psychiatry dogmatizata ideological
shall be predicates of to Pamfil the
si his school( psychotherapy, the
medicine psihosomatioca,
psychiatry sociala, socializare etc).
Ridiculizând the concept clinico,
materialist, of his Predescu,
Romila, Ionescu, Milea, the school
from Timisoara he launched in a
the fight, in substance to
antiideologica, looking the
destinies of Roumanian psychiatry,
distruse of the blend Securitatii
and the party.
Because we have no documents
writed which his this ateste the
fight, you present toward illustrate
just the theme symposiums
psychiatric from the years ‘70 -‘
80, in order to seen what kind of
psychiatric practicau the one two
academic centers -timisoara and
Bucharestul. The symposiums
from Bucharest erau presented in
 183

the programs tiparite as the doing

the part from Festivalul Cântarea
României. Here the examples:
1978 - Sindroamele
psihoorganice chronically;
1979 - biologic Terapiile in
psychiatry;
1980 - Schizofrenia.
Is clara the orientation logică,”
materialist” near exclusively,
without no interference stiintelor
bourgeois”( the psychology, the
sociology, the psychotherapy
etc.). Here afterwards the
themes organized symposiums
of to the school from Timisoara,
in same aisle:
1972 - Timisoara, Probleme of
the medicine legala;
1975 - Sibiu, Psihoterapia in
neuroses;
1976 - Sibiu, Psihoterapia to
teenagers;
1977, Problems Psychiatric
sociala;
1978 - Sibiu, fleeting
Psihoterapia;
1981 - Oradea, Psihiatria
antropologica;
 184

1986 - Timisoara, Psihiatria

sociala.
He is easy of reflection the
orientation psihologica and
sociala, the orientation the
dynamics school of the teacher
Pamfil from Timisoara.
Can shall be difficult for
generatiile his future believes as
simple the theme psihologica of
a symposium can be are
doingble as a papers of
dissidence. In the period
comunista, below Predescu,
Milea and these Ionescu themes
erau considerate as the
aberations which bourgeoes”
rataceau” the minds youth. Also,
you be very hard to realizable
what meant for the years ‘60 -
these ‘70” bubbles of in a
oxygen psychiatry încorsetata
ideological, without no the view,
without no horizon, teared
psychiatric the world civilizate.
Even if future generatiile shall
achieve as big these thing
symposiums confusedu
profoundly the community
psychiatrists, after each
 185

symposium the fate multor

protagonists and in chief
timisorenilor be in these danger
symposiums, on demand
politrucilor from psychiatry, erau
well supravegheate of to
Securitate, again Predescu,
Milea, Romila, Ionescu and one
associate their organizau
adevarate campaigns of
rebutment publish
aberationslor” wherewith these
individuals confusedu the youth
about whom impactul the
different age. Some
symposiums luau frequently the
of a appearance sedinte of
exposure in which had tou to
învinga just they, the
communists, the representatives
autenticii the socialist
psychiatrists.
Yet, below an authority of big
prestige, they grouped, even if
don’t official, the psychiatrists
comunişti from whole the
country. With all vofnţă of
number and justice, the
Roumanian abided at all this the
tight period administrative
 186

dirijata from which Bucharest

have in the hand the weapon
promotions, of the transfers,
charterage of titles, of the
appointments and the
dismissals, they be singurii
interlocutors have the ministry
and probable credible singurii
for the organs of security and
one stations of parties.
Înscenari, libels, denunturi, the
lockout professional promotions
or departures abroad all used -
fulsomely as the the weapon of
the fight and for dirijarea of our
psychiatry antioccidentof.
A sprocket had Brânzei, from
Iasi, carry, at one time, wanted
to desolidarizeze from
Bucharest, fool famat, asserting
a theory saied an own bio -
carry, although have no the
original comparative noughts
with the psychiatry became,
contextually the new age break
apart form from Bucharest.
Below the fire two current,
these tartori were due to brings
the cosmetic modifications their
conceptiei consistent
 187

materialistic - - and to accept

formal, toward sfârsitul decade
8, some modifications with claim
preposterously as the le
apartineau of multa weather.
But, after these phenomena of
dissidence, the absolute check
of the psychiatry shall be all
hard to maul maintained and a
decisive assault of young
generatiilor shall enter directly
in conflict with the concepts of
socialist psychiatry of the
feather to afirmatia dezolanta,
for stapânii of the psychiatry, as
in România exist repression the
politics and prisoners of a new
consciousness the stage of
dissidence you begins now. The
phase symposiums and
bataliilor” for the materiality of
the psychiatry am depasite and
tartorii of the psychiatry appear
now on the of indictment bank
of public opinion.
3. The stage Dizidentei the si
opozitiei opened.
Hardly in the years ‘60 - ‘70 the
world westerna shall set going a
conception distructiva for
 188

totalitarianism, declansând the

motion for right man, and a
succesion of organizatii
internationof are shall engaged
upon the rebutment of psychiatric
abuses of the si against the torture
through psychiatric methods. The
president Regan identify IMPERIUL
RAULUI, speaking opening
sfârsitului of the communism.
After 1968, I appear all many
maul accounts concerning the
utilization of the psychiatry in
politic aims, in the beginning in be
S.U., Then, gradually, in all
countries comuniste, among which
România shall ţine a big weight. In
this context, the psychiatrists,
don’t just one from România, are
shall feel încurajati, the effort doed
of Occident tending to break the
isolation in which aflau the
psychiatrists from the countries
comuniste.
Thus, between the years 1975 -
1985, in our psychiatry, just as
exprimat appeared, dramatica
diversified a motion dizidente.
Format at large groups centrate on
hospitals, in which, in a ways more
 189

or less obvious, they took pozitii

openly against the pragmatic a big
psychiatry energy he spent with
the occasion symposiums of which
I spoke hereinbefore, reason for
which in the decade 8 they fell to
is jammed administrative. He
interdicted the didactic frames of
else goes to his congress
symposiums outwards vacantei,
that is had just in the monthes the
July and August when, as a rule,
like outpourings no don’t else I
hold through vacantelor estival.
A date with afirmatia him i. Vianu
- 1977 -, as per which in România
exist the prisoners of
consciousness internees in the
hospitals psychiatric, organizatiile
internationof fall to dealt and of
the fate of Roumanian psychiatry.
Amnisty International, apart from
his affirmationsle Vianu, presents
a list a prisoners politic an
internees in the hospitals
psychiatric.
But in the years ‘70 - ‘90 is shall
develop an effervescences an
oppositions and dissidence in all
the country. In 1977 you asista to
 190

spectaculoasa dissidence his Paul

Goma adhered pleiada of still more
selected intellectuals citizens
among which i. Negoitescu and
then the psychiatrist i. Vianu. All in
that year is shall set up Sindicatul
Liber of Oamenilor Muncii from
România - S. L. M. R. -, led by the
bolters dr. The cup, the priest
Calciu-dumitreasa etc. These
bolters shall know don’t merely
temnitele comuniste, but and
psychiatric Roumanian gulagul,
carry already I operate long ago.
Asistam, also, to the of a
formation parties in particular
hybrids of socialist tint, attempts
of reorganize the historic parties -
in special P. T. C. D. - and another
politic defiances, carry are shall
finished to psychiatry, his prison
the push toward emigration.
Yet, what is shall happen in the
country after 1977, inclusively in
the area of the psychiatry, is shall
brought to knowledge of public
opinion internationof of the si, by
dint of the job of radio The Europe
Libera, constiintei the public
opinion from our country. The jobs
 191

of radio BBC, The Europe Libera

and altele shall deliver
permanently informatii concerning
the concrete cases of utilize the
psychiatry in the aim of the
chastisement dizidentelor politic. I
appear outside and I am taked
over inside lists with” criminal
doctors” carry utilizeaza the
psychiatry instrumentally of the
torture psihologica, I given on
stirea of the opinion from the
country and foreigh countries the
name of the hospitals in which by-
pathes torturati ill the psyches(
Sapoca, Voila, P. Groza,
Raducaneni, Poiana Mare, Poiana
Marului.
The impression were vulcanica,
executionersi bringed into afront
the public opinion fell to is felt
intimidati, the enumeration” of
criminal had” a big influence,
many among fostii executioners
neavând never the impression
their criminality. Of now multi
psychiatrists shall use of their
professionalism the si shall refuse
to take raspunderea of a
internment persons sanatoase
 192

whereat this justification

applications based on the
opposition against regime, some
among these are eliberati of
urgency. The one subdued the
psychiatric expertises( of to
Predescu, Romila, Prelipceanu
etc.) They have the part of an
examination a maul attempt and
frequently gained of the cause.
Sea tartori have the psychiatry
comuniste don’t else involve
directly, they try to involve
persons, as a rule some naive
agog appreciatory sefilor.
Begined visible of the decline of
the communism creeaza adevarata
a state panicky, I begin already
the shares of concealment and of
of documents, what does it on his
Predescu assert:” Show a
signature puted of me on the of a
internment bolter”, for of now he
he don’t shall else sign such
papers, but shall it pushes it on
altii, although in substance whole
check îi apartinea. From these
reason, frequently, on the lists
with the criminal doctors sited for
The Europe Libera apareau
 193

insignificant doctors, împinsi

ahead first alive their, while guilty
adevaratii mentineau in the shade.
This thing serveste marvellously
today fostei nomenclatures
through the fact as the try to
culpabilizeze on all the
psychiatrists, for, how I say they,”
all or niciunul did abuses”, and a
simple violation is can multiplied
percent and the very difficult age
for the doctor on guard to
respinga the of a internment”
patient” bringed with the address
writed of to the organs Militiei or
Securitatii and this is how, as a
matter of fact, all the psychiatrists
can be culpabilizati in the vision of
the nomenclature. You examine
afterwards two guys of dissidence
wagons inhered in our psychiatry:
Desultory Dissidence, spontana;
Dissidence organizata, the
systematics, comprised groups
and organized shares;
Dissidence desultory.
Dissidence were can most
spectaculoasa and with motivatii
very varied, frequently
 194

contradictory. Thus, from

temperamental which outburst
vizau the impossibility of else
support a some an injustice( the
case of the doctor Patrascu, carry
ahead izbucneste of communist
director of the si securist V.
Angheluta, saying:” Domnule,
from me new man don’t his you do
the cat never”) feather to
dissidence ostentativa obtained his
actually passport involuntary
shares in which good communists
taţi they waked as bolters, through
of a thoughtless gesture( for
instance, that intellectuals
attracted to meditatia
transcedentala were romila) and
which erau maked sure as
actiunea has the approval of the
cabinet 2, the trap in which droped
one tartori communists
necunoscuţi from the art, science,
ministries and just from the
nomenclature. Many intellectuals,
feeling as if support the thing of
common sense, they waked as
bolters admonestati for” the
simplicity” them or defendants of
intellectualsisms, although they
don’t avusesera no an intentions
 195

challenged the politic structures of

of numerous regime papers of
dissidence apareau as the effects
of of a despair submissive of a
exacting intolerable individuals.
Some refined forms of oppositions
luau the of a appearance
adevarate artisti works, of the guy
plugusoarelor of the new year, of
dr. Cornel Constantinescu, or luau
form of a librettoes of this for
Teatrul Satiric C. Tanase.
For of a obtinerea passports
emigratory entered into dissidence
numerosi doctors which
psychiatrists, through their
manner disperata prompted the
emigration, have successful his he
goes on abroad, waves” shut up
for ever”. Vom present just some
cases the important maul from this
frame desultory dizidente:
Dissidence him i. Vianu.
Although motivata through
stoparea his promotion, because,
of 5 years, having the folder
deposited entered into the party,
this don’t the age approved,
reason for insisted on emigrated,
 196

we present it for her notoriety, for

the which publicity i he did
through the jobs 1975, when he
shall visit in quality oficiala( as
sended of Ministerului Sanatatii)
Spitalul from Poiana Mare, judetul
Dolj, fated hospital internments on
the strength of of sentence, the
cases be considerate perniciously
and having to active different
delicts. But he shall consisted as
from near 100 of patients, 20
erau, in facts, prisoners of
consciousness, confirmed thing the
si of the which doctor work in this
hospitals( the doctor Popescu, be
the military these doctor patients
erau closed to Poiana Mare
wherethrough erau considerati”
social danger”( among they, i.
Rosoga, Nestor Popescu and alti
bolters). Raportul which only that
întocmeste noted of to the organs
Ministerului Sanatatii and not even
on line of the hygiene don’t he
took no measure.
In 1977, after esecul vocationally
spended in conditiile whereof
remembered take advantage of his
dissidence P. The gumma, scriindu
 197

this a letter, publicata to The

Europe Libera, in which the
criticism the regime, prompting in
imperative way the emigration.
Just as underline just P. The in a
gumma broadcast Europe Libere,
his despair i. Became the extreme
when, doing those irreparable
papers, the passport delay to
come and, on thecontrary, against
his începuse a procedure
investigatory which can
eventuated in one of the multiplele
politic fashionable his actually
process with his in a internment
psychiatric hospital. Already his
mate, the doctor Oancea,
declarase to Securitate as the
personal îi his are doing Vianu
şocuri ambulator, on demand his,
this having access depresive seas.
For these” I became”, the
representative to M. S.( Does it
and today by reason of acelorasi
merits) and the docent. But
everything off with good, and i.
Vianu and his family can
emigrated in remained.
Of notoriety his letter i. Vianu to P.
The gumma, considerably
 198

mediatizata close up of radioes of

the language româna from
Occident, in which citeste the of a
intellectuals squat despair of the
regime of the dictatorship
comuniste, failing emigration be
forced to adevarata an attainder.
Although in letter marturiseste
honoured as:” I only that, Paul
Goma, cann’t the trace feather at
an end the open road of holds”, i.
Vianu îsi recognizes the lassitude
and the maceration, motivatii
unhappy prompted plainly the
emigration, be awake to all which
weights shall follow in this case.
Did in way particularly i. Were, as
after emigration he don’t busy just
of the personal problems - just as
they did all those which the
abandoned si the country -, but,
on the contrary, declansat
puterica a fight for right man and
for the exposure of politic
psychiatry from we and from
whole the communist system,
contextually in which Securitatea
assert pompously as the” trot
revolutiei is long”. Devine limb of i.
W. P.( Asociatia internationala
 199

against the use in politic aims of

the psychiatry.
After 1989 you he bears same the
fight plina of riskiness for the
placement of Roumanian
psychiatry on ethical bases the si
for her scientific trippery progress
after 1989 his is turned in the
country for finalize the fight on
began in Occident, from personal
reason he he shall refuse, but he
shall say in the same time:” To are
positive as shall deposit all the
efforts for what I wanted to I
achieved definitively, chiefly in our
area, of the psychiatry, carry you
concern ones me permanent.
With all the of a limits dizidente
unfurled chiefly extrinsically, the
moment dizidentei his i. Meant
very many for our psychiatry.
Abroad, and today i. Vianu is a
common seconder shares
psychiatrists from the country for
the promotion of the progress of
inclusive psychiatry conditiilor his
numerous ethical contacts
internationof, even a helping
succesion had instrumentally on i.
Vianu.
 200

Defectiunea operations from

Ministerul Sanatatii.
Many among operation Ministerului
Sanatatii erau doctors and multi
have no else can support to
patronize these politic abuses in
psychiatry. Here he comes out in
evidence actiunea psychiatrist
Vofriu Mirontov - Toculescu,
general inspector in expectant his
ministry I dealt in way specifically
of the problems of the psychiatry.
This bares the system of
internment fortata the bolters
politics and, although old limb of
party, he don’t else apprehends to
prop up this the politics and
reactioneaza,” in despair”, note
intern on on duty which line, only
that, you launch a reactions
disproportionata from the
management of the ministry(
minister be same teacher Proca,
homemade man of the family
which flushed out of plan of
medical publishing house of the si
of our work, Medicine
Psihosomatica). Este really as the,
toward the despair aparatnicilor, V.
Toculescu numeste the manner of
 201

internment in the hospitals

psychiatric fascist law.
Thus, with the occasion
Universiadei from 1981 from
Bucharest, a number of 600 of
bolters politics am bringed forcedly
and internees in the psychiatric
system from Bucharest. Normal,
appear many respondents, again
V. Toculescu is decided to
foloseasca pozitia stoped these
abuses. Although he knows as
these internments do the part
dintr the organized system,
encouraged of the critical
atmosphere internationof from this
area, of cresterii dizidentei from
internal the psychiatry, he purcede
to the attack directa situatiei using
a method
////////////////////////
Legala.
In the note composed, V. Toculescu
brings gravely critical the manner in
which applied Ordinance 313/1980
concerning the compulsory ill internment
of the psyches. Is disclosed the fact as
the the list with” the invalids periculosi”
what were the compulsory internees with
the occasion Universiadei from 1981 the
 202

age composed of a doctor and a director

of Policlinicii Titan( C. Gorgos), put in
execution be taked over of” the
apparatus” Spitalului Gh. Marinescu,
waves masini with how many two medical
wizards the si infirmieri abusive ridicau on
supuşii ill psyches on which îi imobilizau
with cearsafuri to propriul them his
actually residence on the street and then
îi transportau forcedly to hospital with the
contest of the organs of security. Big
these majority” invalids” don’t
prezentasera ante no internment which
his state justify the label of ill psyche,
some be the wage earner. Therethrough,
termenii binds erau infringe, acordându
can immeasurably of a doctors
psychiatrist from ambulatory, avoiding
the ticket for internment, without a
consultation medicala. More, masurile
repressive erau covered through înscrisuri
fictitiously and the characterization of the
cases as the be imperative, in
disagreements with the reality. This
justify his afirmatia V. Toculescu, I carry
characterize situatia as hunting of ill, of
Nazi guys”. Aceste masuri appear
outwards binds - obviously just aceleia in
vigor in that moment and le
caracterizeaza as the abusive the si
without indiscriminate. In same the note
 203

am evidentiate the pressures of the

organs Ministerului of Interne( chiefly of
Securitatii) for these launch shares, these
interference organs in the problems
psychiatric. Also, many submissive of a
such persons shares did due to this fact,
reactii earnest his psyche were
submissive oprobiului audience.
When V. Toculescu întocmeste and sends
a note to assistant minister Proca, this is
contrariat and, in the specific woody
idiom, you rejects all the criticisms
bringed of Toculescu passing
subsequently to his chastisement. In this
kind, V. Toculescu appears as” frightened
and depasit of the tasks on which have
them”, which tasks, otherwise, i are shall
take immediately. Actiunea Universiada
the age the direct coordinate of to the
minister Proca through the assistant or
Mihai Aldea, what mean in fact the
annexation of the psychiatry to the
methods Securitatii. V. Toculescu is the
defendant of” present alarmista situatiei”,
deficient of orientation, orientate you be
principala the of a good task communist.
Be the defendant and of” politic low
level”, he shall receive the reprimand with
what caution the trace help as the lesson
because” he left depasit situational.
 204

From the reading celor two notes is can

deduced in what measures the prepared
age a communist organ of can state his
considers just natural intimations comed
on on duty line the si, feather to the
proof contrarie, with good intentii. From
the note concerning the report followed a
forbidding answer in style securist, the
general inspector becoming suddenly
suspicious of bad intentii.
Indeed, pursuant to denunciation
utilization of the psychiatry in politic
aims, V. Toculescu, in latter, he is destituit
and permanent urmarit of to Securitate.
Don’t he put only that below no the form
the problem of taken step of stoped the
abuses, of modified at least the system
politic internments through psychiatry,
this thing proving as a matter of fact as
the actiunea the age the systematics and
official organizata of to regime. Don’t the
age the of a work errors of of a
executions his operations doctors
competenţi. On the contrary, were
punished and urmarit of to Securitate,
while the system of politic psychiatric
remained changelessly.
The business meditatiei affected.
And the psychiatry. Don’t propose
discussed this diversion of communist
regime because she don’t the visa except
 205

the psychiatry, but whole rush

intellectualss country. The brain workers
teared worldlike exterioara, fortati to is
moved in the narrow limits of celei the
orthodox strong maul marxiste, were
easy victims this of provocative shares,
creata completely in the desks Securitatii.
Brain workers interesati, inclusively one
from the area of the psychiatry, erau well
încadrati in system, erau limbs of parties,
academicieni, some with high functii in
the state and the communist party. Yet,
greaua the burden of in system he did it
on these intellectuals his gave in easy the
bonus tentatii. From pacate, among
diferitele destinies puted in question
therewith on this occasion they found out
and several psychiatrists and
psychologists, among which and romila,
old party activist, instructional politic
lecturer, close contributor of his V.
Predescu( numit just” his pistol
Predescu”), author of the literature
marxista, I carry devenise uncomfortably
through the of a organization job of
socializare and of a committees of of a
father psychiatric patients.
In fine, in 1981, a certain engineers
Stoian, ambiguous elements the
provocative si, likely external agent of
Securitatii from România, is sat for
 206

Spitalul Gh. Marinescu with all necessary

approvals, inclusively with aceea from the
cabinet 2, and însotit of the doctor
psychiatrist of Securitatii - dr. Radulescu -
prompts the leave of the management
experimented an ambiguous method of
psychotherapy - meditatia transcedentala
-, a method in principle interdicted to we,
how come facto the age interdicted whole
psychotherapy. Romila is involved direct
of to boss of the protective si or V.
Predescu, I carry insists on it does a
concerning papers output the method.
Were encomiastic the si propunea just
enter the method in the instructional plan
of the secondary doctors.
To the selected moment, Securitatea
begins” expose” and intellectuals as the
academicians Milcu, the psychiatrists
Gaitan, Romila, dr. Sahleanu and
Radulian, numerosi psychologists( Stoltz,
Golu etc.) You suffer all the forms of
repression: Demitere from functii,
exclude from party, the menace with
process, send to unskilled labors etc.
Dissidence organizata.
An oppositions organizata and knowed
officially temporally the communist
regime don’t can tolerated. A such act the
age considerata as the a papers socialist
from can framed than in penal Codul. The
 207

regime can apprehend one iesiri”, can

apprehend one literary productii
neortodoxe wagons, however, had a little
ray of casting. Îi întelegea even on he
who are doingu a little opposition
emigrated and on he who they meditatia
transcedentala he forgave it( were got
back in actually party to last congress of
the party, from tolerated). the
organization of groups with any aims, the
unthinkable age, anything organize be
due to is agreata of party and Securitate.
In this came into being, activated
obviously in illegality, Liga Anticomunista
Psihiatrilor.
The league anticomunista can come into
existence contextually emulativ of
cresterii number of bolters from our
country in many areas, chiefly after his
dissidence Paul Goma and all the incident
to this phenomena which proved among
altele, as in România cann’t exist an
oppositions legala, this terminându is to
prison, is to psychiatry, is through
emigration. The manner wherewith Goma
the conducted si were exemplara, of an
energy and an intelligence goed out of a
common, but ambition activated legally,
even as part as narrow of binds
comuniste, he proved an illusion, and his
motion in the Roumanian context he
 208

proved a motion obtained else an easy

passports emigratory. Take possesion
were expeled from the country natala.
After 1977, numerous organizatii
internationof became else the radical in
urmarirea right observance of the man
and in god-daughters is shall give else
multa the importance României,
inclusively in what priveste the repression
psychiatric. In this context, many
psychiatrists become else radicals, such
that, in 1979, after most high principles
of came into being, a little association,
initially format from four limbs, carry he
gave ones out for Liga anticomunista
Psihiatrilor, having an orientation
anticomunista radicala. Gradually, the
maul added several actually limbs from
another academic centers than
Bucharestul. In conditiile date, the group
don’t and he proposed directa with the
regime, hire it struggled openly. A such
situation burn be former periculoasa the
si fatala, chiefly as the ne lipsea
mediatizare of guy Goma or Vianu, and
with we the quarrel burn be former
singularily alta. Even the view of the exile
the age for we else bad than any
repression - as the the evidence as the
received the passports of 6 - 7 either, all
 209

granted of to authorities with the aim of

don’t else come backward.
The league is shall engaged upon
conversely in a linger.lingering activity
with good aims definite, promoted one
changes of conceptions about complaint
and institutiei of treatment, for the
rebutment of pragmatic concepts of the si
comuniste, all doed in a style in which at
least openly to appear hello our were. Of
pomina afirmatia securistului wagons ne
and which he said me:” You cut slow with
toporisca roots with roots, feather shall
knock down all the tree and I apprehend
as the you succeed.
The still more suggested league, also, in
reasonable his limits create through
different middles lobby in the press( his
Flacara Paunescu the age a newspaper in
which can), sometimes in some special in
particular reviews from foreigh countries,
although censor the very hard to age
depasit.
Alta a task an age a feeding of the a job
of radio The Europe Libera with material
concerning the psychiatric abuses, but
and another material anticomuniste. In
the area of psychiatric proper suggested
abuse of of a creation which his
atmospheres înfricoseze or to rusineze
colleges angrenati conscious his
 210

frequently involuntary, to discourage

colleges from different committees of the
expertise for, although communists verify
ati, atasamentul them against party the
doubtful age.
The shares undertaked they enjoied
successful, for, in combination with the
items of news Europe Libere, whole the
system of the psychiatric were timorat.
Alta a direction of constituted
compromise” principalilor politruci from
psychiatry( Predescu, Grecu, Ionescu,
Romila, Milea, Pirojinski etc.) I carry had
the blank check from the party in
psychiatry. Many times this thing are
doing from of a pozitia” fair communist”
carry don’t else can support the
imposture, gaseau with this end in view
the defendants with certain the plug to
this guy of organs( filiatie legionara to
Predescu, the lack of orthodoxy
comunista, incompetence organizatorica,
the lack of the professionalism,
înabusirea the critic). Trebuie saied as
just tartorii of the communism bucurau
one bad altuia. Although are doingble
retrospectively, this seem a simplicity,
had a different success, the party having
enough of these incapacity persons and
of their immobilism, just in problems
marxist. Thus, gradually, Predescu and he
 211

missed” the view of frames” from parties,

and he missed appointement of deputy,
phenomena l they threw it in a state of
dejection from which don’t still more
comed back never. Ionescu and he
delaied the transfer from Facultatea of
Filozofie to one of Medicine, and his
attitude antipsihologica the in particular si
fell to is condamnata publish in different
works( i. Cucu - Psihologia Medicala,
1980.
on the strength of this the background of
vulnerability they can launched
coordinate attacks concerning whole
buildings of socialist psychiatry whereat
these tartori lucrasera decades in a row
choicely. The bonus constituted the leave
took out the monographic works in own
administration. Tributarily baneasca
recuperata from the insured sofs always,
permited the of a elaboration works of
fundamental pioneerdoms for a country
comunista as the our( Psihosomatica,
Psihologia Medicala, Psihoterapiile,
Psihiatria sociala in two parts, Psihiatria
teenager etc.). Even if tartorii of the
communism - Predescu, Proca, just as I
have else showed, flushed out of the
book-sellers Psihiatria Sociala through
memorial to the cabinet 2, obtaining and
interdictia of else entitle of else print,” the
 212

evil” produsese and the irreparable age,

the works existed and exist.
For seven fishy years, feather to
dezmeticirea of repressive organs, the of
a rough-cast alternatives in our psihiatra
produsese, and constructia of decades of
socialist fell to naruie.
In 1979, a date with the organization of
the league, all on the strength of of lobby,
the review Flacara shall publish on 10 the
maul an interview with i. Cucu, in which,
using the pretext, is shall administered
most strong attack about the pragmatic
psychiatry comuniste. Attacking the
pragmatism( that is speaking veiledly
psychiatric builded of Predescu,” the
socialist psychiatry”), ridiculing
affirmationsle festiviste this of, the author
laments directly, in most citita the review
of the age, the fate of our psychiatry,
carry is described as depasita principled
and instiututional and which a textual
evalueaza as the be sinonima with the
psychiatry of the century of Xix-lea. V.
Predescu is attacked don’t veiled, but
nominal therefor situation in which he is
culpabilizat for the lockout învatamântului
psychological in facultatile of his medicine
in pregatirea psychiatrists and, all
ostentatious, the schools from Timisoara
and Iasi are quotations as the coming to
 213

grips with the pragmatism and the

obscurantism in psychiatry. Criticized,
also, directly the of a absence adevarate
lifes stiintifice, prodigioasa before of war,
the absence oricarui the congress
psychiatric in the of a country frame in
which his psychiatrists discusses the
professional problems.
Here after atâtia years, communicate it a
doctor Popa, doed to last Congres of
Istorie Medicinii, communication on which
render it an in extenso:
A man of courage - dr. IOAN CUCU.
In the review Flacara nr 19( 1248) from
10 the maul 1979, appear an interview
with the doctor Ioan Cucu, primary doctor
psychiatrist, doctor in stiinte medically,
wizard to Catedra psychiatric Institutului
of Medicine and Farmacie( how numea
therefore, after the fashion sovietica, M.
F. Carol Davila), carry publicase lately and
a book in two volumes -“ Psihiatria
sociala” -, in which some are doing
affirmations extremely criticize, carry
stired a sensation imensa in the world
psychiatric, from except, the time. The
title interview the age” Psihiatria isn’t due
to isn’t Cenusareasa, and this don’t
priveste except on psychiatrists, but on
new”. În interview, the doctor Cucu,
which il cunosteam also stimam
 214

wherethrough imi fusese wizard, are

doing a castigation bucurestene, criticize
which develop it in book on the many
maul pages. Here several of the
important ideation. After mention yes
about situatia of the psychiatry from the
countries developed, in which the
affected beds speciality( besides a
development deosebita a forms of
ambulatory assistances) depaseau as
number on one affected tuturor celorlalte
specialties, after spunea what burn be
due to is a psychiatrist in the age
moderna in which pinch-hited for the
confessor, after mention the different
merits of Scolii Profesorului Pamfil and,
mutatis mutandis, of Scolii Profesorului
Brânzei in depasirea of the pragmatism,
the doctor Cucu abordeaza the theme
principala, scilicet criticize” school from
Bucharest”, remained of a prizoniera the
psychiatrists of centuries XIX, with the
physical model of the complaint,
materialist, carry neglijeaza the social
factors the psychological si grasped in the
aetiology disturbances psyches s. M. D.
Afterwards, is adverted to the disesteem
of the psychiatry and her role of the in of
the society moderna. Graduate and of
Facultatii of Psihologie, notice this
absence branch from program Facultatii
 215

of Medicine. Remark then the paucity of

stationare of after day, remanent number,
from pacate, feather today near
unchanged.
In his which were proposed were trasa
from the book-sellers and gived to molten
to the pressures doed of drive Catedrei
from Bucharest, the doctor Cucu the
criticism the system mafiotic of
promotion, the method of feudal drove
sectiilor of hospital, carry erau a kinds of
ascribable fiefs on the life peoples agreati
of management( situation be, otherwise,
in all the communist sanitation the which
si perpetueaza and today) s. M. D.
Reactia drive Catedrei from Bucharest
and the hospital( Gh. Marinescu about
that time, now” Al. Were”) of denial
vehemence and of stigmatization publish
of guy inchizitorial stalinist, in one voice,
toward rusinea tuturor participants. Were
convene all the doctors from the clinic in
the big amphitheatre the si took the floor
sefii of sectii, director of the hospital,
boss of then of desk and conferentiarii.
These author assisted rows from the hall,
as doctor resident, hereto pillory. The
doctor Cucu loftily and courage. Bethink
oneself me compared the attitude of the
management of the desk and camarilei
this( he is a tendency, sechela the
 216

communism in mentalul community, of

remake the pyramid can in psychiatry,
with all consecintele wretch of stop the
progress, traite of we in the past regime.
Assist in the competition, as a ridiculous
peak, and a kind of femof Zaroni, on at
all intellectuals, on so ambitioasa and
delighted self, încurajata asked the ironic
cynicism of of a kind of master of the
rings, big manipulator of învatamântului
medically academic current bucurestean),
carry îsi display” maretele realizations”,
with aceea of a poor which man îsi
zornaia all through the purse with one
several banuti, in order to I create the
impression as the just like that of poor.
The doctor Cucu arrested or convict( the
age yet a period abided at), Catedra and
to his place of the labor, marginalizat only
that retired all wizard. Situatia remained
from pacate near neschimbata, maugre
the efforts of the doctor Cucu and of
multor altor psychiatrists of big value.
After Revolutie, dr. Coupled immediately
to actiunea P. L. R., But and he realized
nice and quick as the one 50 of years of
selecţie operata of communisms left
sechele wagons be înlaturate in a the
period so shorten.
 217

Dr. Marian Popa, primary doctor

psychiatrist, doctor in stiinte medically, to
Spitalul” Al. Obregia” from Bucharest.
The interview of the doctor were took
again of The Europe Libera( Annelise
Gabani) stired a big agitation in a row
psychiatrists. Be one of the first activities
of Ligii Anticomuniste Psihiatrilor, the
interview declansat a hard to fury
described from aparatnicilor psychiatrists.
For the present, nor don’t can achieve
can, if this thing a signal as the the power
burn be wishful his disembarrassed of
these tartori. But were, just a cold
shower. Gradually, the thing they
normalized”, the author i he did a public
process in the big amphitheatre of the
hospital waves, below his guidance rather
the menace tartorilor communists, differ
doctors - swap elements - spoke vague
about” the realizations” of the psychiatry
comuniste, but, toward the exasperation
of which organizers doreau as the they to
ramâna in the shade, nobody don’t
pronounces the words of were. The
necessity as the neurologist and the
academician, carry only that don’t the
age psychiatrist, Vlad Voiculescu, to I
raised and to asked:” Why we miss we
the time here? Ni he said as must to
condamnam on cucu”. De what be it doed
 218

a this respectable a such man thing shall

remain a big mystery. As a matter of fact,
for were a true fiascoes, chiefly as the no
many asteptatele organizational masuri
were leave to takes them, rezumându
just to stoparea every professional
promotions in the frame celor 15 - 20 of
contests supported for the job of chief of
works with persons below any value
profesionala.
You render afterwards discutarea” of the
case CUCU” in sitting of party of to
colleges saddles of the desk, just as
found out related and in the process of
sedintei. You does the presentation
esentei takings of word of these” mates.
Octavian Hanganu, collaborationist, the
yes-man of the regime, eternul limb of
the committees of the expertise judiciara,
waves decidea the fate bolters, eternul
secretaries of the committees of
promotion, waves manipulau the files and
which in 30 of years 1945, bringed with
files in Catedra of” the pop” Derevici,
communist which came dressed as the
soviet asked:” Who he advised me to do
such a thing, say now wherethrough took
me a big responsibility”. El sees how dr.
Cucu neglijeaza the labor from Catedra.
Neicu, the figure legendara incompetentei
and the cynicism assert:” To say the
 219

doctor how much Cucu lectures has, how

many groups of probation( what
connection have with the which were
contributia the doctor Cucu? Why don’t
he addressed hierarchical( that is just
which of distrugea the Roumanian
psychiatry, V. Predescu), how he can say
as he is guilty V. Predescu? As a matter of
fact, the doctor Cucu pelt with attrition in
psychiatry”. Neicu believes as between
psychiatrists exist discord wherethrough
don’t is accepted pozitia” înaintata” his
Predescu the si prompts as publicly the
doctor his Cucu says as regret one doed.
Damian believes as these critical former
inspired of former management
Ministerului Sanatatii, as as a matter of
fact don’t Catedra( Predescu) is of the
fault the appearances showed, but” the
superior frames”( carry really?). The fact
as the have no reunions, congress don’t
depends on we. And he considered
injured, but he as the doctor Cucu does it
wherethrough don’t i published an works
and as the one appeared the by-path
plagiarisms( but he don’t says on
plagiarized Este perplexed dinners burn
can be” dogmaticul”, although particulary
eram friends and discuss exact how wrote
and with all the age all right. But such the
age the friendship in communism.
 220

Lohan, bringed to Catedra through the of

a big file limb of Comitetului Executiv P.
R., Whom he pledged it to îngrijeasca the
girl schizofrenica omorâse must, to
adopted it, be bringed therefor in
Bucharest. Received the villa, job in
Catedra for he and the wife etc.:” Dr.
Cucu is handled of certain
////
Of certain forces( he is obvious the tone
securist)”. Are a feeling of big ache as the
prompted his notice Predescu published
the item, for such procedeaza a loyal limb
of party( obviously dr. Cucu don’t the
such age).” Dr. Cucu is felt repins of
group, of collective( vechea marota with
the masses), but in the same time he is
the of a representative the group( if I
burn be well-known he). Dupa parerea
him, ace be can drop easy if the ace be
asserted as the former item enforced of
reporter. As a matter of fact, in
psychiatry, below the management
tovarasului Predescu everything goes
well, we have no the nought of changed.
Brasla, eterna the party secretary, carei
chose the freedom” in The Germany,
subsequently reproseaza why argued with
the party( but the newspapers don’t erau
of of the party?), The fact as the
expresses a viewpoint an egocentric( I
 221

abordam problematically general in fact),

as they were eliminati all limbs of which
parties of facts and rejected, as I trusted
in the group of party.
The lady the psychologist Rascanu,
collaborationista notorious, I carry
ostentatious tinea on desk her pose unite
with Ceausescu, assisted in the congress
of X-lea PCR, as legată, as for nothing I
followed Facultatea of psychology,
wherethrough I used but just are doingm
appeal to the utilization of the psychology
under treatment psychiatric), he believes
as don’t in this kind is shall done
psychology medicala to facultatile of the
medicine and believes as an item in
Flacara has no no value( then why incite
the riot and discutii?). Magureanu Sanda
consider as Predescu accountable for
hardships( but he conducea the
psychiatry), as pelt with attrition in
psychiatry. She disbelieves as if are
organicisti were and pragmatic( the logic
comunista.
Constantinescu George, man of big value
intelectuala, I carry always the age
delaied were hight teacher, pluseaza:”
Material the doctor came out accidental,
for to we don’t he demonstrated
atitudune dogmatica( although
particulary criticize more than me the
 222

courses rusificate his of Predescu the si

his concepts rudimerntare the which si for
me were as of a învatamintele teachers,
just as the age as a matter of fact). Dar
error, in audience says:” Opposite the
pragmatism existentialismul, but the
diofctic materialism( all the other way
against how expressed particulary).
Recunoaste as sometimes” the
pragmatism is very disguised.
Predescu, satisfied of prestatia” of the
community” and as a matter of fact as
the one before his they touched the
essential problems, don’t considered
begetter neintroducerea of medical
psychology in programed the analytics(
although the age the pro-rector, were
deceived of Pirée, carry îi promisese to do
courses on which his supports them as
prime teacher taught the psychology
medicala, only that, receiving the reward
a passport, before did this chose the
freedom” in The Germany and the
psychology don’t the maul entered to
Medicine). Dar don’t nothing, the man
supports militated” all through”. Nu
inhere in psychiatry than the medical
model of the complaint, this is the
materialistic model which must to accept.
He burn does many for psychiatry, but I
opposed the superior organs( with all as
 223

the he the age parleamentary deputy

Pro-rector, the secretary of the committee
of party of Institutului of the medicine,
limb in the committee of party of
academic center etc). Ce burn else be
wanted to is had can of acted what can
do the doctor Cucu, which even colleges
most approach alone lasasera in the
bank, retragându ostentatious of near
he? He supports as just from the
viewpoint of P. C. R. Is mistaken his is
said as don’t else he is none of criticism.
To we the pragmatism, but take
possesion the communists refereau to the
period” obsessional decade”, the age Dej,
as to an age of the a pragmatism, carry
in psychiatry exist and today, gived be
neacceptarea the progress stiintifice,
even if deghizeaza below the form
incompetentei, rezistentei against change
etc. Marcăm the fact as the some they
felt directly touched of notiunea were
pragmatic, reason for which have assisted
to adevarate autobiographies
deculpabilizatoare. Don’t e sufficient his
criticam” the age of the pragmatism”, but
the current pragmatism from psychiatry.
The ears comuniste and of lingusitorilor
erau the deaf person, so remained as
forward, even if in the hall erau some
unknown boys, with” blue eye.
 224

In the period 1979 - 1983 appear

consecutively, in own administration, the
works excelsior mentionate, works in
which the socialist psychiatry - staged of
Predescu, Ionescu, Milea - the practical
age desfiintata; In reviews publicau all
more works of psychology, psychiatry
sociala, psihosomatica.
Although the league don’t and stated
never be were, feeled created adevarata
a confusion in a row the nomenclature,
neobisnuita with vreo opposition. From
this moment creeaza in psychiatry an
which situation, in certain limits, can
contest if exist the courage, unthinkable
thing ante 1979.
A succesion of material were sended The
Europe Libere, teached directly his C.
Munteanu, but transmit their on job he
did after a logic unintelligible: Out just
most insignificant. I seemed as material
former his înmânate Vianu for give
parerea and burn be suffered censor it or
an incuriosity, so they have no else
catched up the job. And what good
material erau, about situatia of our
psychiatry( across 200 of pages typed.
Revolutia from 1989 gaseste the league
intacta and in plina the offensive, wants
to I legalized below this name, but the
even attempt too radicala and înfiinteaza
 225

Asociatia Psihiatrilor which Liberi, from

pacate, is leaded to pieire of romila, used
in order to arrived the teachers became a
big chief in psychiatry flirting with as
opposition democrata. This the
association shuts up currently, singurii
limbs remaining Romila and several
doctors from on which he drives it and
which remained from easy realizable
reason, organizatia pierzându anything
vocation nationala or remostrant in
psychiatry. Brought, a little material
advantages conducatorilor saddles initiali.
Thus exhausted a beautiful dreams.
In 1992 Liga Anticomunista Psihiatrilor
try all the some to I legalized, but
actiunea esueaza, the courage
psychiatrists don’t permitea appointed
just” comunişti”. renuntat to the
legalization of the league, wherethrough
thus one several limbs - without the fuss,
clarions and trâmbite - to foloseasca
need.in need experience in situatia
alunecoasa wherewith which passes our
country, when a return to past imposibila
and anyhow the road of our psychiatry
suffered the modifications esentiof after
1989( one ideation, one conducatori, nor
an act of the reform, even if we have and
a director P. T. C. D. I carry and he
achieved advanced, case.in any case, the
 226

league remains a form of the fight the of

a alternative which peoples have no
urmarit his jobs social pozitii, but binele
of Roumanian psychiatry..
4. The stage Criptocomunista.
After 1989, unfortunately our
country shall be due to wanders
through a long the stage
criptocomunista as opposed to
what he happened in all Europe of
Est, with exceptia fostelor which
detached countries from S.U. In
this the stage, fostii communists
from rule two, which Ceausescu îi
tinea always rearwards, I take
over the power the politics in the
country and on this the base in all
lines, inclusively in psychiatry.
From these reason, the road
toward reforms in all areas shall
be due to waits many, chiefly as
the the si as opposition ajunsa
now in office falls to has same
attitude tremulously in
reorganization the country.
Dificila confrontation with the past.
Nothing don’t can us redeem of
past, don’t exist passed” the
future be conquered than through
reconciliation from through his
 227

quarrel revenge”, spunea rightfully

the countess Marion Donhoff.
The psychiatrists, as otherwise
whole populations country, were
puted in a situation in which don’t
can to foresee as, in a reconcilable
with time the length their life, the
communism shall take the end.
From these reason existau just
two possibility: Is of adapted, shut
up and tried to vieţuiască, is
refused the compromise and
finished in isolation, his suffering
as the victims of the repression.
With linistea the si on which ne
give us the years trecuti from
revolutions, can today to look
situatia from the age comunista
much more. Have not to forgeted
as numerosi citizens, inclusively
psychiatrists, aranjasera” abed his
Procust of the system, lived
worked and sometimes they knew
and exultations - just as underline
Pofr -, while incertitudes actuala,
deceptiile tending all more his
takes the of a form constant
defensive attitudes, manifestându
most frequently through spiritual
dejection the si the hatred. Really
 228

I have no the beginning already to

hear as, in fact,” forward don’t the
age just like that bad?”. The
politics practicata feather now
produced than frustrated, the
victims and the executioners they
met frequently, alike how in
psychiatry they met tartorii and
persecutatii, executionersi and the
victims. Therefore telul have not to
by all means to is the identification
culpabililor severally, but rather of
imparted adevaruri corporately,
adevaruri izvorâte from the look
inside aof perverse system of
oppression with terror psihologica,
with rewards for delators and
collaborationists, with his
apparatus of extravagantly good
furcate supervision. The effect
burn be due to corresponds aofa of
of a which seminar try to
stabileasca criteriile of the conduct
etico. The past recovery is very
importance for our country, but
trebuiesc sanctionate shares from
convictions.
Have not to forgeted at all the age
the system of supervision of
Securitatii from România. Who
 229

dorea to do the studies, even as

the age the word of modest
professional studies, who aspire
after his celebrity to incomes the
big maul, had to to adapted, for
celebrele title toes the labor,
studies etc. From the propaganda
comunista don’t valid erau, in fact,
than for one loyal, for one”
adaptati” from for bolters and for
indiferenti. Therefore classify it a
psychiatrists in guilty main,
secondary his guilty accomplices,
thing whereat nazuiesc fanatic the
order, cann’t don’t is can remaked,
with the aim of did the justice,
what he happened with 45 of
years forward. Any or else many
penal process don’t shall can to
clarify the history, this thing
helping merely” right material
adhibition”. În this the sphere is
taken down in forerank creation”
juridical peace” of which we are
today else îndepartati than now 7
- 8 years. Through strictei branch
of party comuniste the democratic
centralism”, carry don’t permitea
no an abbot from the branch of
party, majority psychiatrists were
in the same time and faptasi, and
 230

victims. As and the Pitesti

phenomenon, nazistii and the
communists had foreseed in their
system of that double oppression
role - of executioner and the
victim. For this reason, the
hundreds of auxiliary of which they
helped these regimes be au fond a
minor cases don’t erau through
their criminal nature. Merely a
minority have in this frame in
office access to the si the initiative
violentei social, inclusively in
psychiatry. Big majority the age
format from micii natural
bourgeoes, carry in another
situatii the si be carried out
conscientiously obligatiile them
daily. Really he is right as the after
these peoples and they destroied a
part an importance their his life is
now stigmatizati for the remainder
which life le the maul remains?
Therefore don’t is can deny these
psychiatrists, simply, the law
worked were împinsi in bitters and
the opposition. Is difficult his
dozezi the fault fiecaruia,
neexistând an which his norm
stabileasca the boundary between
 231

how much he can support or

resist, quotient he can adapted.
Exist some constant marks of
psychiatric eticii:
Firstly, the crimes commited be
overlooked and no gived the of a
oblivion whose individual were
tortured in a psychiatric his
actually asylum killed don’t i is can
insisted on forgets this thing and a
fortiori which acelora felt the
torture psychiatric on propria skin.
The traumata of the percussion of
arrogance can and these brutality
operations from the area of the
medicine don’t is can forget easy.
All these crimes must hight, must
bringed to knowledge of public
opinion, but be due to reflecte in
conditiile observance criteriilor of a
rightful state, constitutionally.
Must, therefore, in this honourable
frame three principles, at least of
a of rightful states:
Sanctioneaza except actiunea from
the conviction.
Decisiv cann’t than the in force
criminal law in the period of the
perpetration of the deed. Binds
 232

formal comuniste interziceau the

torture, the psychiatric abuses the
si asigurau the civil laws. The
criminality consist in the fact as
the they don’t respectau propriile
bind, propria constitutions.
Criminalitatea every persons must
dovedita.
Applying these principles in
psychiatry, two shares am crucial,
if want don’t merely reform it an
psychiatry, but and the settlement
as part as or of a new ethical
visions:
1. The criminal chastisement on the
strength of principles of excelsior;
2. Replace the elites comuniste of
management from which
contiguous psychiatry the si today
to ţină pozitii key.
With all these, be due to clarificam
two thing: What must obtained and
what is can obtained. Don’t I can
solved the of a problems the states
of faradelegii with the of a middles
the constitutional states.
The criminality of communist state
with difficult can be urmarita as part
as the criminal law. Don’t is can
 233

measure retrospectively that the

period with criteriile democratiei
pluraliste the si no don’t burn be
equitable. Just as I showed and
argued already, created in the
Roumanian psychiatry adevarata”
organisation the murderess” through
his implication oficiala, ideologizarea
the abuse and the of a execution
adevarate systematic repressions
through psychiatric methods.
The views of Roumanian psychiatry
of the job.
The psychiatry fostelor countries
comuniste and in forerank acelora
from S.U. And România don’t merely
of engrave it a lagging behind,
pursuant to her transformation in
socialist psychiatry the si
therethrough in a psychiatry lipsita
of vision but and of gangrene it a
chronicle, gangrene the ethical
abbots. Thus, for long ago decades,
the psychiatry, with instiututiile
staied with, dispozitia of repressive
system created choicely of the
communist party the si of bratul or
armured - Securitatea.
 234

Conducatorii the psychiatry of after

1989, teacher and sefi of section,
were before approached the
manservants zelosi have the order
comuniste and felt already fixati on
their jobs, as produs corrupted and
an arbitrary of of a which regime
even if disappeared entirely is in
obvious declines.
Against these dinozauri, tinerii
psychiatrists felt descumpaniti and
frânati in fight for însusirea
adevaratei the psychiatrists, they be
intimidati and today as the promote
but that give the consistent his gifts
don’t the by-pathes conformists with
fostii the si actualii sefi communists.
What I can really to else these young
înteleaga when read the works of
celor two teacher, appeared now, but
which park the wines dintr passed on
the contrary, fostii tartori
communists felt încurajati of the
politic which elements drive the
country, take advantage of all
freedoms on which never don’t le be
them granted their mates.
To exemplificam just through
actiunea of defamation in press -
seted going of a minister, dl.
 235

Mironov, be the adviser of fostului

president of a - director of television(
E. Vofriu), of a newspapers of self-
styled parties democrat such as
DIMINEATA.
But this is how certain colaboreaza
official organs of of the state aflarea
adevarului concerning the repression
psychiatric. Thus, Ministerul of
Interne is prompted on line
parlamentara if to Universiada from
1981 were ridicati merely from
Bucharest 600 of individuals and
constrained internees in psychiatric
jobs. Is dezarmant and render it in
substance to from memory:” The
organs M. They have took all
masurile for hello unfurl
Universiadei, actiunea receiving the
name of code” marathon”. Datele
looking these shares don’t else
pastreaza in archives than just on a
terms of 5 years. Therefore, all gived
concerning actiunea” marathon”
were distruse.
To see what raspundea S. R. I.
Aceleiasi committees
parliamentarians, on demand this of
i handed out the list which
psychiatrists aligned with
 236

Securitatea. Citam all from

memory:” Existed the which his
psychiatrists be aligned with
Securitatea”, but, attention!,” The
problem abides at afterwards in our
atentia.
Relate.related to one what s be can
happen, in such numitul medical
center from str. Brosteanu( waves
they experimented of wash the brain
with destructurante of personality of
the guy LSD), which appeared in the
press abaft reclamatiilor celor vicinal.
Directia Generala Politiei liniază as
there exist an unit medicala for the
frames M. I. And as the he is an unit
with the guard militarizata.
He is clear, all” they have the
meaning” raspunsurile to the
questions of the committees of the
parliamentarians and of of the press
and answered exact as the any party
activist.
Here therefore the practical
foundation which is proped up
vechea the nomenclature from these
psychiatry persons are explicitly
against the reform, for they don’t
shall attack never a system which l
 237

they created it and sequence.in-

sequence or, he consolidated them
the power. The return of Roumanian
psychiatry is in forerank exponent of
this return ruling class from these
psychiatry persons droped victims
propriilor shares demolatoare
through the rejection of which
concepts appeared in psychiatry in
last 50 of years, merely
wherethrough proveneau from
Occident - psychology, sociology,
psihosomatica, socializare etc. How I
burn else can they today to adjudge
these his concepts, so that we laugh,
to do they psychotherapy, a method
on which ridiculed all life?
In the psychiatry of the age
criptocomuniste burn be present
urmatoarele appearances:
Lupta acerba for can fostei
nomenclatures.
Fight for power contains as much
vechea the nomenclature, today
adevarata a gerontocracy, quotient
and the communists from rule two,
carry through incompetentei were
always holded in in tension of to big
tartori, reason for which today
 238

asalteaza furibund pozitiile of power(

need.in need becoming liberal or P. T.
C. D. Toti the teacher and sefii of
section from psychiatry, near without
nobody excepted, they have
functionat and in the period
comunista, and today same ţin
handspikes of can. Although the
politic folder seem don’t else have
today a big importance and no the
communist party don’t the maul can
spijini, Ministerul Sanatatii, all the
same of titular( certainly as the don’t
advert to us catastrofalul Mincu, for
which don’t exist the degrees of
comparatie), maintains same
operations acţionări and reformişti.
Don’t exist his contests real contests,
and functiile obtained the by-pathes
ţinute on the life. In this context,
and currently as opposition
psychiatrists is nesemnificativa, just
the youth doesn’t than exercises of
uncomplainingness.
At that rate, be and new the
nomenclature don’t concerned ones
than of a permanence an offensive
of” witchery”, chiefly against
organizatiile the si the personalities
from Occident, but, as and before,
 239

the psychiatry româna concern ones

very little on western. If the
american his English psychiatrists
by-pathes the maul circumspecti,
one German his Dutch still more
selected French they left near
coplesiti of” sarmul” fostilor
nomenclaturisti. Some be
nomenclaturisti ţin just pozitii in
organizatii of speciality internationof
and le ţin dinainte of 1989, that is
then when such appointments are
doingu except to propose Securitatii.
Sprijinul oficialitatilor, chiefly of
Ministerului Sanatatii, for former the
nomenclature comunista.
Without did the process of intention,
Ministerul promoted with a verve
ciudata in functii of decision,
sometimes, peoples of the very age
înaintata, case.in any case on all
tartorii of the psychiatry comuniste.
Thus, the committee from besides
Ministerul Sanatatii is format
exclusive from fostii the si actualii
nomenclaturisti, again Gorgos, carry
7 else 1970, in which îsi denounce
boss of of carui jobs voia, this nefiind
other than the adept in scholarly
diabetes f. Pavel, the faces his
 240

master. Reproduce the letter from

Viata Medicala, from 30 December
1994:
Tovarase president.
To falled across 29. IV. 1970, With
the address nr. 2721 1970, I
received from S. S. M., The society
of Medicine Interna, section
complaints nutritional, a forms
signed of f. Pavel Ion and dr. Sdrobici
Dan, with the program Congresului
National of Diabet, which congress
urmeaza to is in progress between
23 - 24 September 1970, to
Bucharest.
As chief of Catedrei of complaints of
metabolisms and the nutrition,
singura the desk of profile and for
methodologically central on the
country, in membership of drive,
disagree with the manner of thing
actualului the president of sectiei, for
urmatoarele reason... All to this
congress is proposed his
reconsideration paulian on reason as
the burn be shadowless the insulin.
Consider as this intentii is due to i is
granted else multa the attention. As
a matter of fact here gaseste
 241

raspunsul for whole activity from last

30 of years of the teacher Pavel,
carry don’t only that created a school
româneasaca nutritional, tried to
distruga and to denigrated all were
able the forward si in this area.
In forerank, we are obligati to
reconsideram the problem Paulescu
from the viewpoint of bare the
insulin( urmeaza an enumeration
tendentioasa as a matter of fact.
The world scientificly mondiala don’t
from l he recognized it never as the
the discoverer of the insulin.
Attribute to today a scientific fact
nedovedit the unthankful si to the
respective time is ridiculous... The
space don’t enables to us liniem his
theses acţionare from finality in
biology, materialism, soul and The
God etc. Also, the fact as the denies
darwinismul, the materialism,
evolutia situeaza can on most
acţionare pozitii which he placed
ever a Roumanian scientist.
Really these I am deserve for which
S. S. M., Through Pavel, wants to
rehabilitate his memory Paulescu...
This is the patriot and the minister
 242

Mincu and, imaginati, if scria such to

S. S. M., How îsi are doing he the
notes to Securitate. And yet, iliescu l
he appointed it minister of Sanatatii.
What can wait the country from this
man? But the psychiatry?
Below his management Mincu,
practise he ceased the activity of the
committees investigatory the
psychiatric abuses. You can imagine
the results and the objectivity celor
numiti of he.
Formarea Asociatiei free psychiatrists
///// Among most important shares
from the age were the creation
Asotiatiei Psihiatrilor Liberi( P. L. R.).
The notion of partnership, just as I
have else appeared, as far back as
the period of the dictatorship
comuniste. After revolution, the of a
associate free must he put with
acuteness and the notion of create
appeared just in first days. The facts
are shall scrolled apace. The
nomenclature from psychiatry the
age confuza and bargained for the
reprisals, just as facusera they with
the elite psychiatrists when took the
power. Yet, they reported the shares
 243

of destroied the archives through

burning and flood. The excess of still
more democracy becomed of
anticeausism devenise to they
grotesque.
On 31 December 1989 he is
launched officially first appeal for
constituirea P. L. R. Marian Popa, on
the strength of of a long experiente
of the fight anticomunista, after long
discutii with the teacher Pamfil,
lanseaza a pathetic appeal to the
community psychiatrists, an appeals
nerevendicativ and without desire of
revenge.
The thing are shall hurried. The
nomenclature goes out of the
numbness when sees as democratia
îi protejeaza and, attacked propose
and they an association denumita
Asociatia Psihiatrilor from România(
P. R.). Is done a big conclav to
Predeal in which all nomenclaturistii
from the country discuss the
graveness situatiei. He appears now
as the imminence his appointment C.
Gorgos as doctor chief of Capitofi. Of
this date, viitorii free psychiatrists
violent reactioneaza. Lanseaza a
vigorous protests, and his
 244

appointment is sistata. I done the

attempts from teacher of
subordinate in paternalistic way P. L.
R., But if Ionescu he don’t shall
succeed, from pacate, you succeed
Romila. Between one two future
organizatii are in progress shifts of
prompts and the defendants. The
group from Predeal is the defendant
rightfully of all the abuses psihiatice
from the age ceausista.
On 11 March 1990 the ginger-group
of P. L. R. Organizeaza a chat with
Asociatia Fostilor Detinuti Politici,
waves established the of a flagpoles
shares of rehabilitate fostelor victims
of the psychiatry comuniste. Already
in the press, dr. Diacicov lanseaza an
appeal for of a constituirea
committees investigatory the
psychiatric abuses. The committee
constituie below his management
Diacicov the si with numerosi limbs
from the group P. L. R. But he don’t
passes many si the minister Sanatatii
destituie on Diacicov the si numeste
a former nomenclaturist, the teacher
Ionescu, thereto the practical
committee don’t the maul has no
activity.
 245

On 19 January 1990 Rompres notify

the imminence compose P. L. R., And
in the press appear numerous
material concerning the psychiatric
abuses. On 18 February 1990 is
composed first the form of stof P. L.
R. Of to dr. Marian Popa, thereto he
begins the clutch of the adhesions of
entry. Is deposited the folder to
judicature and, through sentence
17631990, on 20 the June,
organizatia get the legal statute.
On 26 were in progress first congress
of constitute, followed then of
numerous which initial colloquies
tineau lunar in different psychiatric
centers from the country.
To the colloquy jubiliar ocazionat of
the of a fulfilment the year from
establishment înainteaza the
parliament and M. S. An appeal of
reorganization and reform in
psychiatry, remained only that
without ineffectual.
In the period 2-4 were in progress
first Conferinta Internationala P. L.
R., Waves presented the
communications personalities from
the country and foreigh countries.
 246

From pacate, after an active time,

drive, led by brought, the activity
asociatiei in a the perfunctory labor,
neinteresanta, the rows asociatiei
rarit through celor dezamagiti the
which si don’t the maul can achieve
as organizatia and else be
maintained the principles initiof.
Drive he enjoied a little material
gainings donate of facts asociatiei:
Xeroxes, computer, some sums of
which money have no else be
controlate as the destination, sums
wherewith s be can edit a treaties
psychiatric, became the eternal
guest in foreigh countries as often as
trimiteau the guests for associations.
Conversely, decided the of a
publication insignificant translations,
without else speak of their quality.
Gradually the activity became
alienanta, the methods of dictatorial
management, choose formal the si
with same results( Romila
president), disappeared and
organizatia he transformed in a
group bound administrative of
Romila, in the subordinate sense
saddles from the job 9 whereat he
he is the doctor the chief. Died a big
illusion. Today, P. L. R. The maul
 247

exist just for some naive mates from

is enforced now reformed it
organizatiei and her rendition to
youth, carry as a matter of fact I am
due to takes over the management
and to stabileasca the strategy.
Really Romila - the teacher - shall
give in ever business so an
important?

Chapter IV.
Problems OF PSIHIATRIEI ROMÂNESTI
POST-TOTALITARE.
Europa Westerna postbelica distrusa
economically, traumatizata of the
 248

totalitarian ideologies the si of the horror

lagarelor of concentration, developing a
conception a humanist and democratica,
is shall engaged upon build what what
subsequent is shall appointed” conceptia
looking right man”, a redoubtable
instrument of opposition against every
forms of his totalitarianisms tyranny,
carei became the evidence a date with
caderea the si destructurarea the
communist ideology from rasaritul still
more selected Europe from be S.U.
In full effort of constitute of a new
conceptii concerning the fate and right
man, the opinion publish The Europe
Occidentof shall be frapata as in imediata
to approach - in her intimacy - persist an
institution cladita after the principles of
the totalitarianism on which the society le
respinsese officially, an which institution
înjosea the personality umana - institutia
psychiatric of treatment, mostenita from
the previous centuries.
Began big the revolution sociologica from
psychiatry, which jolted from foundation
don’t except the psychiatric hospital, but
in actually fact what numea the
psychiatry clasica. This enforced the
modifications the radicals as much in the
area conceptiilor psychopathologyi,
 249

quotient, chiefly, in the area of the

therapy and institutiei of treatment.
The humanity traumatizata after the
horrors of the fascism, amenintata with a
new totalitarianism - one the communist
- with institutiile loin of guy gulag, don’t
the maul can to permit, below the of a
covering obsolete ideologists, to support
structures institutionof carcerof, of guys
azilar, institutii generatrix of suffering and
humble umana. From pacate, this the
revolution don’t shall have no his chance
depaseasca Cortina of iron, reason for
which today can count precisely the years
of return - 45 -, whereat are shall added,
unquestionably, altii that is exact incites
the how much time the system
criptocomunist and the nomenclature
shall last in the Roumanian psychiatry.
The Romanians bared after evenimetele
from December 1989 the horror of the
copies abandonati, the houses of the
child” and caminelor - the hospital, the
horror of the hospitals psychiatric
raspândite of the communist regime on
whole the territory country.
If The Europe Westerna of the years ‘50
the age distrusa economically, but
pregatita to spiritual nască, permited the
of a development” revolutii sociologically”
in psychiatry, the Roumanian psychiatry
 250

seemed as is on the path missed the

chance istorica renasterii his. In the age
totalitara the psychiatry the age a copy
fidela a society in which unfurled, and
after 1989, one psychiatry shall present
all the drawbacks Roumanian society job:
Present aceleiasi nomenclatures in the
jobs key and to all nivelurile, the
confusion and the lack of the force logică
his wagons motivate the change to most
psychiatrists, scenarioes and shares
diversioniste of guy securist, apathy
generalizata, the lack of the hope, mean
materialism etc.
Although he can seem spoke, of
dissidence after revolutia anticomunista
from 1989, when at least theoretical a
succesion of freedoms were obtained
maugre the official character of the
democratic system seted up, all these
remained just formal, and if he is the
word psychiatric, near as the don’t he
obtained the nought. Can say, without
unfearful of mistook as in psychiatry
don’t he happened the significant nought
after 1989. Isn’t the word here of nuante
or metaphors, the task of reform the
Roumanian psychiatry of the job is much
more than aceea the psychiatry
occcidentof of after 1945.
 251

In The Europe Westerna of the needles

years, the war and the fascist
totalitarianism interrupted just for several
years a democratic which systems, due to
disparitiei can, immediately to take again
the natural course. More, the years of
repression and terror caused a this
acceleration process. Revolutia
sociologica what were in the sense of the
history”, she feeling like desavârseasca
the desire of perfection democratiei as
the system.
Waves sees somebody to we like conditii?
In România job situatia is singularily alta.
Force pre-war were strong confusedta in
the beginning of to fascism, then of to
war, of ocupatia sovietica the fishy si two
generatii îndoctrinate marxist, of the
experiment of 45 of years of the
communist totalitarianism.
Here don’t else he can speak of no his
continuity of a little break. Democratia
Roumanian must rebuilded close upon to
begin.begin with, singura hope remaining
just that model of western leaders, from
pacate so indiferenti need.in need our.
This phenomenon is feeled of to whole
Roumanian society. The psychiatry is too
little for proposes to solve as much
propria reform, quotient and revolutia
democratization Roumanian theoretical
 252

society speaking, actuala motion of the

reform from psychiatry, gived be the
general frame in which is unfurled,
appears, as and in odă comunista, as a
difficult process the dangerous si, our
society be still impregnata with the
mentality comunista, and the course
evolutiei our society a right road toward
democracy, but I can said just on
thecontrary. Sorrily I burn be due to
recognize as actuala generation of
psychiatrists shall achieve the reform
psychiatry as the on destroy it” branchi in
which her lived from the teenager, feather
outside of maturity. This the feeling of”
were” met and to the psychiatrists from
Occident, when were puted under
construction, reason for which no there
psychiatrists headed the program of the
reform.
Isn’t the word here just of the
aggressiveness fostei nomenclatures,
carry deal and today all functiile key, but
required of a generatii of doctors -
educata in the spirit of socialist
psychiatry, with a scientific like level of
the years 1920 - 1930, which just
administrative i he interdicted the contact
with the ideation of western psychiatry -
to assist in the destruction vechii the
psychiatrists on practised and a practice
 253

still, peradventure he must the meaning

as the li is prompted to a fault. This thing
explain fractionally the apathy, adherence
against old, the disqualification, the fear
of change and acrosarea of vechea the
nomenclature, with actiunea securizanta
which of to this exercise it( just as one
neadaptati long still after the state
socialist which paternalist assure them
their life of misery.
Even in Occident, ahead of formării of the
psychiatry they found out in forerank big
literatis, the reporters, psychologists, the
prelate from in last row the opinion
publish. From pacate, the Roumanian
psychiatrists by-pathes always in the tail
motion of the reform and can here
applied best the ascertainment
sociologica as the” an institution be
schimbata of one inland her, chiefly when
these take advantage of afterwards this a
such institutii institutions don’t is can
changed than of to he who he suffers
through they - but who give the
importances alienatilor mental? - or he
can of to which persons wines outwardly
instiututiei, in our case, generatia young
man. Strigatele of suffering of ill the
psyches heared, the society shall give up
with difficulty to tendency of rejeta ill the
psyches, and the disease prejudices shall
 254

affect still longtime the psychiatry and on

ill the psyches.
Is therefore natural as the the reporters,
alti which literatis appreciate more his
freedom constituie” former the wave”
carry to prompt the of a change
anachronic institutii.
In psychiatry, revolutia from 1989
brought the elemental nought, nor
concerning the general concept of his
complaint of health psychiatrical, nor in
acela wagons priveste institutia of
treatments. After the fervour of the
discovery” lagarelor psychiatric”, press
intern still more selected one
internationala can to consisted with the
stupor as the had of faced don’t merely
batjocora and the indifference of the
structures of psychiatric management,
but and the opposition and the violence
after a good plan regularized. This can
because whole the organizational edifice,
whole can in psychiatry remained
changelessly and after” the shock
revolutiei” they have no why to the fear
and no why to modify the little behavior
cosmetic operatiuni fiindu already
familiar. Thus, if in these communism
leaders ne învatau as the the psychiatry
is a branch with” seas implicatii
ideological”, a branch in which the diofctic
 255

materialism involved in the way

particularly through explicatiile which le
dadea life psyche, after same revolution
individuals change the tone in the
manner radicala declaring the psychiatry
as the a branch medicala pura, in which
the communist ideology no don’t s be
mixed, even worse, they fell to indicted
as any notion of his reorganization of
reform the psychiatry burn mean a politic
abuse against psychiatric.
He is clear as the in a psychiatry, practise
to the trailer vechiului the system and
fostei nomenclatures, whole the structure
of opposition and dissidence from the
period prerevolutionara is due to fights in
conditii near identical, be subdued as and
before marginalizarii, persecutiei and, the
new of a maul slanderous campaigns
through the press writed and TV,
inclusively of a physical direct attacks.
This is and the reason for which Liga
anticomunista which came into being in
1979, don’t the maul doreste the
legalization, for they keep intact the
organizational structures, contextually in
which a return totala to past, inclusively
to the politic psychiatric abuse, can
become anytime possible. From these
reason, we consideram as all what he
carried out in fight for the progress of the
 256

psychiatry after 1989 holds all of the

motion remostrant and dissidence and
shall be alike, incite the how much time
psychiatric establishmentul shall be
impregnated of the thought marxista and
conducted of former the nomenclature. In
this context as opposition from psychiatry
shall continue to is activate, are shall
used the specific methods of the fight
from the period comunista, are shall
expose afterwards the abuses and is shall
fight for the of a promotion adevarate the
social Roumanian psychiatrists. Inhere in
this senses serioasa a traditions. As far
back as 1977, i. Vianu pronounce the
opinion publish intern and internationala
about existence abusive internments from
our country, of the manner in which erau
tratati the prisoners of consciousness. In
the same time with the degradation the
ethics of our were evidentiata and his
return scientificly, the ideological abuse of
the pragmatism( i. Cucu 1979, 1982,
1983), wherethrough then” the
psychiatric arrests” to is exposed of dr.
Mirontov, condamnându the utilization of
the psychiatry against bolters which
politics in the decade eighth luase open
appearances the si in proportion of table(
chiefly in of a prejma events with
significations the politics). Aceste
 257

adevarate psychiatric arrests don’t can

produces than with the cooperation
medical which authorities ofereau the
middles, while the security oferea the
lists with an undesirable persons the si
supravegheau the loyalty psychiatrists
implicati on the go.
After 1989 he considered as I burn be
natural his is done a balance-sheet of an
abuses and injustices of communist
regime. Hundreds of certified cases
arrived ahead of a official committees the
free si, as a prime step toward the
discovery adevarului.
In 1990 is shall elaborated Decretul-lege
nr. 118 I carry stabileste, as and in the
case prisoners politics, law of the
prisoners gulagului psychiatric were
despagubiti material the moral si for the
damage suffered. Many were abilităţi, but
multi they were refuzati in the
reestablishment adevarului.
Presenting situatia from our country, i.
Vianu - 1990 - underline as this
caracterizeaza through of a coexistence
zones of the extreme freedom with altele
of terror. Although press is libera and
inside out multor institutii many don’t
sfiesc to say the opinion, knowing as they
shall be due to faces riskiness, the one
izgoniti from in office resort still to rude
 258

defamations the actually si to physical

outrages. Throughout, and in psychiatry
in chief, exist an of a omnipresence forces
of of the darkness, in contrast with the
Roumanian which scenery is given birth
to.
Temporally the regime ceausist,
Securitatea, binded through character of
active of party, transformase already in a
force redutabila, adevarata monstruoasa
an organisation a murderess, with
multiple ramificatii, protecting don’t
merely the communist regime with all his
abuses, but evolving and to a terroristic
net, autonomously and partial
necontrolata, carry can da to most
despotic facts on behalf of defence of the
tyranny on which servea with zeals. The
case of the psychiatry and her utilization
of to this monster represents just a
particular case the minor si, in report
with the amplitude his shares.
The security the age pregatita in vechiul
regime of a manner conclude and
înarmata entered into a clandestinity, and
the case of the psychiatry ne dovedeste
as the this thing don’t only that the
possible age, but he is and current.
Multiplele structures of Securitatii,
inclusively one from psychiatry, carry
scapau likely just of a internal check,
 259

erau and am ready changed to all atâtea

free which his commandos actioneze on
own his account to order in certain
institutii or on whole territory of country
and, wherefore don’t, and outwards
granitelor.
The arsenal securist utilized in the
Roumanian psychiatry were varied:
Individual menaces the si of group,
outrages against of a physical persons,
slanderous campaigns the visas on the
partisans înnoirii etc. These forces from
the shade constituie for psychiatry
principalul obstacle in the path changes,
and the cancer of the terrorism securist
has no currently no chance were stoped.
Became thus ostatica actuofi and fostei
nomenclatures and the system
institutionalizat of to Securitate as far
back as the time of the regime ceausist.
He can none isn’t else characteristic,
liniază i. Vianu, than the style securisto
wherewith actionat about the leader of
syndicate V. Paraschiv, well-known case in
our country, as and abroad.
Here a sample of what petrecea in the
psychiatry românâ with just new monthes
before his caderii Ceausescu, when whole
the communist European system the age
darâmat, with exceptia României and
Albania. Thus, on 22 March 1989, V. P. Is
 260

rapit of a commando of which individuals

were ofiteri of security. V. P. Is away in a
the house conspirativa waves, for 7 days,
is grappled savagely and subdued of a
lights orbitoare. He is amenintat as about
his are shall freed some adders holded in
a cage alaturata. After one 7 after day he
is drived to Spitalul Voila, waves is
interned constrained 21 of days, received
no psychiatric treatments, just the
prerequisite for time disparitia bruises
and stergerea of the traces of the torture.
In the day externarii V. P. Is called of the
doctor the chief of section and, as”
psychotherapy”, i is made a speech in
which i is insisted on renunte to his
convictions wherethrough burn be false,
sperantele politic loin be unattainable.
The doctor eventuate in this memorabila
menace adresata” the patient” and
through he tuturor which acelora burn
venture to enter into the conflict with
sângeroasa the dictatorship securisto:”
The invalids are dig in the earthes, and
the doctors are dug in paper”, that is in
the folder psychiatric counterfeit. On 18
April V. P. Is externat with the diagnosis
of the psychosis deliranta the chronicle
sistematizata, diagnosis in all contrast
with the true false intellectuals reality.
Today, when his ideation 1990, can say
 261

last.at last adevarul, adevarul of which

dreaded so long the dictatorship. Of the
psychiatry, support the authors of the
appeal, i they confered for decades near
a statutes of clandestinity, of speciality
minora, just rusinoasa, with all as the the
power he helped frequently of she. But in
a society aberatiei and erect terror to
state rank everything can in a which
society cultivate the concept of” new
man” cultivating, as a matter of fact, the
hatred against peoples, the flunkeyism,
the duplicity.
On socially he constituted that” double
standard”, that the double consciousness,
one for front and alta for internal
ordinariness. This strategy and he
proposed neantizarea fiintei humanely
and, from pacate, contained and the of a
cooperation psychiatrists subdued the of
a man the papers of plan suferintei of to
the dictatorship. In this kind have
assisted permanent to the trituration
rezistentei the appearance and psychic
populatiei through famishment, cold,
incarcerate, the confusion. Whole became
a true concentration camp gulag of carui
consecinte no be correct evaluate, but
which apodictic they shall lead to
cresterea helping medical solicitations.
 262

The doctor became thus last harbour of

sperantei, he be binded intimate, he can
most intimate, of the whole tragedy
natiuni. Each psychiatrist, in this
activated, with more or less courage and
understand, were due to the star on the
fence, but most psychiatrists were in
forerank peoples of good.
After revolutions, like oscilatii don’t else
have his use the justification. For
psychiatrist don’t the maul exist today
the fright privarii of freedom or physical
suppression. From these reason, today,
tacerea is an act culpabila, and the tactics
remuneration after faithfulness the
politics don’t burn else must to have the
place. Existed liniază one among the
appeals P. L. R., Which doctors aligned
with the power, and altii protested
riscându came. The moment as the both
his revalue situatia and to fight for
renasterea the moral and scientificly the
profession for which have the vocations.
1. The politic abuse - the avalanche
of dezvaluiri job.
As far back as the time of communist
regime, a headmost personality of the
nomenclature, as general Ioan Ionita,
Ministru of Apararii dared, as in Biroul
Politic of P. C. R. To prompt explicatii
concerning the of a operation hospitals
 263

psychiatric subordinate Ministerului of

Interne.
Facându the numerous echo* items of
news comed from România, Agentia TASS
- from be S.U. - transmitea urmatoarele:”
Feather lately, the citizens României erau
the of a witness awful items of news:
Infirmieri and militiamans însfacau
directly from the street which peoples
opuneau with despair, îi legau and îi
duceau with in a direct Salvarea these
necunoscuta events petreceau else
choosed overnight of a politic important
events( the congress of the party, state
visits). territorial Directiile for the
protection health trimiteau the hospitals
lists with” the patients periculosi”, însotite
of the necessary documents
hospitalization, having on they
mentiunea” exigently”. these Printre”
customers” have the hospitals numarau
as much individuals with disturbances
easy psyches, quotients and cases with
înclinatii dizidente. The of a protests
psychiatrists caused their dismissal, and
the subsequent researches led to the
conclusion as the these” hospitalizations”
erau doed on demand Securitatii.
Is incredible how at that rate - knowed of
to all the psychiatrists from the country,
as and of the opinion publish
 264

internationala - boss of of decades of the

Roumanian psychiatry( but that we say,
stapânul they) he supports with
nonchalance as the” our psychiatry
utilizata in politic aims.
Like in be Uniune Sovietica, and to we the
persons apical the pyramid they placed
on pozitia neadevarului. As and Morozov
or Babeev from be S.U., V. Predescu,
Ionescu, Milea have stated ritos as the
they don’t had knowledges of existence
psychiatric internments from politic
reason. Just as he happened in be S.U.,
And to we vechea the nomenclature from
remained to the helm branchi and from
these reason the psychiatry is excluded
from the process of the reform. Au fond,
this is the communist style, always
aggressive the si of deny the reality, even
as this he is the evidence, here be the
word of vechii party activists and of their
style of the labor.
To the trace of the traces, comparate with
the ensemble of the abuses comuniste,
the psychiatric abuses the by-pathes in
limited number. But in this case is the
word of doctors and of their alliance with
a power nemedicala, with the power
represiva the dictatorship. For this reason
we can say as the psychiatry, as and the
eugenics were uboss of for, the
 265

achievement celei the big mean maul

social life. Is sad his consisted at all
succeeded the communist his regime the
psychiatry and to cause it to respinga an
all aprioric the concepts the humanists of
this branch.
The utilization of psychiatric diagnosis for
the disgrace bolters politics and their
isolation in psychiatric institutii were the
grave thing the si except some persons
acomodate with bad the si the fib can
tolerated nepasatoare like facts. Is a
typical example of utilize stiintei medical
in a the work of robotizare the
systematics and of brutify the social life.
The psychiatrists executioners
disregarded from points vedere civic the
patients and this except wherethrough
these erau bringed of to the organs of
repression. The age necessity just of the
barrel the reflection wherethrough the
prestige of his psychiatry show today
else.
A study profoundly concerning the
utilization of the psychiatry l he
undertook it Comisia for Cercetarea
Abuzurilor Psihiatrice town Bucharest,
termagant weather he found out below
the management of the doctor S.
Diacicov, in contrast with the opacity and
reaua the faith of like committees from
 266

the level diferent judete. Were out in

1991 of S. Diacicov. You refer us
afterwards to which date were evidentiate
in this study.
Thus, invedereaza from begin.begin with
as the the number which psychiatrists
cooperated in repressive aims with the
communist regime is very little, but
sufficient threw a light urâta about this
noble professions. Am sufficient the
proven cases, in which the abuse is
apodictic. S. Diacicov supports in
trenchant way as the from the analysis
works of the committee on which
conducea( înfiintata in 1990) they have
the results two appearances esentiof:
The utilization of the psychiatry of to the
organs of repression;
B. The of a subjugation psychiatrists.
Although in all countries exist which laws
look on ill the psyches, the research binds
determinanta, the maul the importance
be the atmosphere democratca or in a
dictatoriala rightful state, even a legal
severe frame for bolile psyche shall drive
to repressive masuri much more than in a
totalitarian state. As a matter of fact, just
as spunea i. Vianu, the psychiatry in
whole world is an auditing social agent,
but in a communist regime shall gamble a
politic role. The conflicts most ordinary in
 267

which, only that, I am involved which

persons ţin power can degenerate into
diagnoses and psychiatric treatments.
The internment forcedly don’t the age
doed here for the complaint, but for
demonstrate - adevarate or don’t - carry
deranjau the power.
The age much more, he says Diacicov, to
intern on somebody in a psychiatric
hospital in which the individual can to lie
all life and where any the protest form
the age imposibila or neluata in the
expense, than in a prison, chiefly when
the regime boasted of don’t else has no
politic prisoner.
All one examinees of to Comisia prezidata
of dr. Diacicov were before internees
forcedly of to Militie or Securitate,
sometimes with the participation
Procuraturii, assured a justification.
Sechelele of a such behaviors don’t they
cured, S. Diacicov quoting a succesion of
psychiatric abuses the si after 1989.
Just as arise from the works of the
committee, the abuses erau feasibly and
for the fact as the in deliberate way
legislatia leave the possibility as the,
simple interpretation, anybody to can be
stated mad. Here the ambiguous
formulation from Ordinance 313/1980:”
Am ill psyches periculosi those which,
 268

through their outpourings, endanger the

life, the health, the integrity corporala
own either altora or disturb repetitively
and grave conditiile the normal of the
labor and the life in family and society”.
Forcesle of order shall have now the
possibility appreciated subjectively the
graveness of the facts, in which her I can
take down and the spreading of
manifestoes, letters, the respondents,
which words don’t suit them. The organs
of his security of party, in fact, have short
the stages foreseed in decrees
///////
And” the invalid” the age bringed directly
to hospital when try to manifesteze, even
if constitutia avouch it these laws.
Alta a faultiness bound just as result from
the study of psychiatric were, and the
compulsoriness of psychiatric ambulatory
treatments, foresee which don’t inhere in
as part as legislatiei no of a state
civilized. To we, an individual considered
condignly or iniquitously mad,
perniciously, even if can cured, the age
taked in evidence obligatorily. This thing
explain why to different events, in all the
country, the suspicious persons erau
culese the si internee without without
excurse in the psychiatric hospital. Of this
thing dealt Securitatea and each unit
 269

sanitara the age patronata of securist an

wagons have a good methodology
regularized gathered on one periculosi.
Thus, referindu to the system regularized
in Bucharest, just as he appears from his
study these Diacicov shares of commando
erau organized of Gorgos, nomenclaturist
carry conducea whole ambulatory net
from the capital. A like system exist to
the level fiecarui the county, with
responsible his on local plans. Dispunea
from office the of a liberation fictitious
tickets of internment without a
consultation prealabila. In each county
exist a hospital, to this Bucharest role
avându Spitalul Cula, section exterioara
Spitalului Gh. Marinescu. All this the act
from Bucharest the age supravegheata of
to the party secretary” Sanatatea”,
renumitul comrade very well-known
Purdel for his brutality. The scenario the
like age on whole territory of country.
You ask for to shall imaginati, says S.
Diacicov, a table of which peoples,
subdued Decretului 3131980, the age
obligata periodic to checks, which
peoples, now and again, maugre pozitiei
them, erau take of home or from job,
even from in the street, and internees
forcedly. Some persons thereout category
prezentau and of hello for internment in
 270

preajma diferent events warned the

attitude degradanta were fish” forcedly
and bringed to hospitals.
As part as the committees of the
expertise for Ordinance 313/1980 the
psychiatrists are doingu a connections
between” the papers of violences”
described of securist the certain si frame
nosologic - most frecvently the
schizophrenia. But this thing have to the
base than is slaba a preparation
profesionala( of habit the committees
erau formats from sefii of sectii promovati
on the strength of of folder), is deficient
which ethics, au fond, datorau acelorasi
causes. This thing is can expanded and
about the committees medico psychiatric
what cuprindeau on territorial sefii have
the problems psychiatric, after erau
nominal aprobati of to Ministerul of
Justitie( for instance, boss of the
committee of expertiza on the country
the age takes possesion V. Predescu). Din
like these reason peaks of the psychiatric
nomenclature examinau the formal
invalids they be as a matter of fact
attaches indicatiilor primite from the
organs of parties and Securitate, the
diagnosis most frecvently for mavericks
be acela of his paranoia schizophrenia as
the detached of these reality persons, in
 271

facts be the word of their absence of

adherence against socialism. If somebody
criticize facto can be labeled of to doctor
as the be” detached of reality”, therefore
a paranoid, a madman.
As president of Comisiei for Cercetarea
psychiatric Abuzurilor, S. Diacicov
supports as does many for these suffering
tried. To offers them just a repair a
moral, therethrough dorindu the washing
rusinii led to the stigmatization of the
psychiatry totally to. Adevarul don’t the
maul must the convict no to prison and
no to asylum.
Of a real support he exulted dissidence
româna from his Amnisty International,
România be considerata, beside S.U. One
among most repressive strong in the
utilization of the psychiatry in politic
aims.
In 1991, P. L. R., Consisting the
degradation situatiei the hospitals
psychiatric, he does an appeal to the
parliament României in which proposes:
1. Build câtorva modern hospitals of
proper psychiatry the si
umanizate;
2. The integration Of the hospitals
Psychiatric with sufficient still
more selected auxiliary force with
surori the si asistente social;
 272

3. The supply Adecvata with

medicamete;
4. Proper programs for the students
and secundarii from psychiatry;
5. Modifications Of legislatiei for
protectia ill the psyches;
6. The of a organization Institut of
Psihiatrie Sociala;
7. Alcatuirea of a program of health
mintala;
8. The research Of politic abuses
from the frame of the psychiatry
of the age comuniste.
The support and the international were
binevenit for the fight Roumanian
psychiatrists. Thus, all in 1991, in the
British parliament is in progress a reunion
speciala consacrata of the a hospitals
psychiatric from România. The aim of the
reunion the age acela identified the
Roumanian which psychiatrists aligned
with Securitatea and became this
instruments in order to accomplished the
internments fortate, as well as of a
discutarea psychiatric abuses against
bolters, but and against ill the psyches,
as well as open of a channels of
communication between the psychiatrists
from Occident the one si from România.
The British parliament doomed the
psychiatric abuses from România, and a
 273

delegations visited România in order to is

made sure as an one incriminate in the
press internationala am his don’t
adevarate. Am identificate and concerned
in personalities the repression psychiatric.
But don’t else the age necessity. Press
Roumanian îi identificase of many on
these tartori.
Here in this sense the conclusions of the
newspaper” Cuvântul”( nr. 46 1117 Dec.
199l.
The psychiatric abuses they spent under
the rule of of a which doctors dared the
madmans of acted the minds peoples,
which the si l they owed it înaltelor busy
functii.
Am presented afterwards” tartorii” the
Roumanian psychiatry, the which peoples
conducted at least to the level town
Bucharest, torture through psychiatric
middles prisoners of consciousness. Even
if don’t they, personnels, administered his
drugs şocurile, raspunderea which and
they were enorma, and their absence of
the criticism appears today as the
adevarata a defiance. The newspaper
enumerate nominal on principalii culprits
have the psychiatric abuse, that is on one
several nomenclaturisti wagons defiled
the honour of the psychiatry from our
country. We don’t shall enumerate just as
 274

do the newspaper, but we shall present

principofle them features.
Is the word of five - six guilty
nomenclaturisti of psychiatric abuses, in
substance all some by-pathes arrivistes,
modest persons as the endowment
intelectuala, culturala, professional
knowledges the actually philosophic si the
politic si, inclusively in cunoasterea of the
Marxism. All only that are shall used of
formal atasamentul to communism, party
and S.U., as of principofle trumps in
câstigarea of pozitii of management in
profession. All erau, in substance, some
party activists in the area of the
psychiatry. Likely, all were contributory
stipendiary have Securitatii. Two among
they, always amintiti, did from the
teenager complete studies in S.U.(
Faculty and the doctorate), some don’t
had no qualification in the psychiatry
adult( V. Predescu be pediatric), and
other( G. Ionescu) venise through
transfer from a desk of psychology
University from Bucharest, all the
lecturer, but to an institute of the
medicine, to a desk a clinic just as he is
an psychiatry. Alti two among these were
promovati directly from the medical jobs
of Securitatii, waves don’t ocupau of
psychiatry, but they were puted director
 275

have of else big psychiatric hospital from

the country( Gh. Marinescu) and you
have celei enlarges big policlinics of
sector - Policlinica Titan. All polluted the
psychiatry with scriitura of compilation,
îndoctrinata ideological, on which they
entitled them treaties psychiatric,
encyclopedias, unique handbooks etc., On
the strength of carora erau obligati to
formed the young doctors. Absolutely all
ocupau functii of parties: Secretaries of
parties, deputies in M. Pro-rectors, limbs
in committees of parties of academic his
center of of the committee of party
Sanatatea. All erau his limbs sefi have the
committees of the expertise medico,
institutii carry dirijau the prisoners
politics toward psychiatric lagarele. Really
at all I burn be oficialitatilor of today to
identify and to see what penal facts did
just contextually he binds comuniste,
from the age respectiva, but, the word
fostei opozitii today in office,” but that
exist the will the politics”. Orice
promotion profesionala the age avizata or
respinsa of these. Officially ocupau of
different sectors of the psychiatric
ambulatory repression, sectii of hospital,
the practical system of incarcerate, the
system of laws and regulations referitoare
to the repression psychiatric). Orice
 276

publication, anything work, the special

review, all erau below directa them
supervision. No an idea take a road of the
a print but that the age avizata of these
tartori. Frequently, in the sectors drived
of they, organizau adevarate huntings of
vrajitoate. They avizau the departures
abroad of psychiatrists, inclusively on
those in touristic aims. From afterwards
their they had of suffered don’t merely
the bolters internees, but and a lot of
psychiatrists, opening with those which
înlaturat for does they places( Margareta
Stefan, f. Stefanescu, dosios, retezeanu
etc.), Feather to the simple psychiatrists,
but recalcitranti.
These were as a matter of fact the
coriphaeus” of socialist psychiatry” carry
considerau the psychiatry an ideological
battlefield. All also stated the in a
competence the manner agresiva, and
they enforced the authority through
violence, through administrative
methods. They erau singurii acreditati of
his parties edit the books, to write items
and programmatic reports”, cenzurau
anything new his idea the
unconventionality in psychiatry.
Organizing corporately of” negroes”, all
launched on sof an outside literature part
logică, of carei professionalism oprea to
 277

the level of classic literature from his

years 1920 of the unique soviet
handbooks. Near all the works erau
editate of” communities”, but” below
these redactia tartori. The structure
marxista, logică these works the age
showed with unyieldingness for the eyes
stapânilor them, and the western modern
concepts erau respinse from the line
activist of indignant party against the
dreg capitaliste. Neavând no a
competition, this the kind of invaded the
market, be described as” adevarata
materialistic psychiatry”, in contrast with
the literature the decadence psychiatrists
bolters when, very rare the si in own
administration, can and these to else
publish in number printed of how much
pocket an work.
The registration and the rehabilitation of
the victims of the psychiatry from odă
welcomed after a big revolution inertia
and bad the will. Thus, F. G. Marculescu -
1991 - remark the fact as the no
Ministerul Sanatatii and no Procuratura
did no effort identified the victims of
politic psychiatry of the si on these
authors abuses, at least incite the how
much times fostii executioners the si
pastrat functiile, and one from rule two
arrived teacher, taking over total the
 278

place fostilor them masters. Such they

can hide proofs, they burnt documents,
wherethrough then to is passed to the
victimization and the intimidation celor
wagons had in his intentions disclose
adevarul.
Don’t is can spoken incivism and of
competence to fostii nomenclaturisti. On
thecontrary, permanently these they
subdued is of a ideologists, is of a alien
powers. Be and actuala the elite of
conducatori communists from psychiatry
don’t only that don’t shall permit aflarea
adevarului or the guilty chastisement, but
are shall oppose every reforms from
psychiatry, perpetuating in fact the
anachronism of socialist psychiatry.
Take possesion the system waited passive
the complaints fostilor persecutati is a
faultiness and an author întreaba a how
much is neunderstanding situatiei and
how much is the desire hid must. As the
review britanica” The European” to do
affirmations inflamante took out
Ministerul Sanatatii from fall asleep. But
investigatiile doed helped of a true
commando securist against acelora
wagons doreau dezvaluirea of psychiatric
abuses.
Really why, întreaba the author, all what
must doed for the elucidation of
 279

psychiatric abuse is due to primeasca by

all means the impulse outwardly, while
the Roumanian which psychiatrists raise
like problems are submissive opprobrium
and punishments. Really this acts cann’t
all are doingble as the an abuses?
The limbs marcanti have P. L. R. Were
amenintati, agresati appearances and
calomniati in mass the media
criptocomunista.
Really, asked Fiona Anderson - 1992 -,
don’t repeated in România what
happened in dago democratiile, waves
were cucerita, but he is dangerous his
ameninti on executionersi from past?
Who were executionersi from pasts and
who props up it, he represents today one
of the big dramas of the psychiatry of the
job from România. If executionersi
confounded, outside part, with fostii
nomenclaturisti, the persons with functii
of responsibilities from vechiul politic
systems the administrative si of the
psychiatry, is with as much else difficult
his întelegem a succesion of” convertiri”
jobs of of a personalities in which see the
success of social experiment of the guy”
the Pitesti phenomenon”.
a case tragic* * *.
To take in question one of the most tragic
marvel ofs convert, the case M. P.
 280

Doctor of exception and excellent ours

student venind dintr which suffered
enormously through the communism, he
takes possesion having of suffered with
two a licence in Teologie.
Has only that ill-luck were attracted, can
without voia him, as part as the
repressive psychiatric system, regularized
to Spitalul Voila and he has actually the
ill-luck of be” treaty” on renumitul bolter
V. Paraschiv. He is true as the the name
were mentionat of to Amnisty
International as criminal criminal involved
doctor in the process of psychiatric
repressions.
In his places purceada to a recognition
cinstita, he takes possesion be the of a
victim the moffic gearing, in his place I
framed in fight for renewal of the
profession just as i be it permited the
capacity, transformed, against every
obviously, in a active seconder of the
dogmata comuniste aplicate in psychiatry.
This is how explain this the case bolter V.
Paraschiv:
V. Were. Saw fishy 20 of doctors
psychiatrists from diverse hospitals and
policlinics, but park the patient of today
don’t else looks like one of yesterday”. V.
P. S be îmbolnavit wherethrough, as far
back as 1952, apartinatorii saddles
 281

respingeau. Voila l he had it treatment,

but he administered it just napoton and
şocuri( clean the professional treatment).
staied with busy Voila a bed among most
good drawing rooms and, wherethrough
his cynicism ajunga to peak, M. P.
Describes and the basic theme sedintelor
of” psychotherapy” which le are doing the
patient:” Sfatuiam to procedeze a little
else intelligent in his fight the politics
angajata”. Deci what the age V. P., His ill
a person angajata an in a the fight the
politics? M. P. Avoid to answer trenchantly
when he is some, when he is alta.
In order to passed from absurd to
ridiculous wasn’t than a step and M. P.
Does this step when he unlives the tirade
in which simply all argumenteaza the
psychiatric abuses. To urmarim with
consternation:” The one ridicati from in
the street and internees in the psychiatric
hospitals forcedly, with the occasion
diferent politic events, don’t erau than ill
mental. Don’t is can reproached the
doctors as the submissive the power and
as the don’t indignant, because the
doctors were forciblei of their profession
were the of a agents social orders date
and then, wherefore to judge us the
Englishmans? They have no wrongly to
Yalta?”. Near as the he is credibil, incite
 282

the cynicism to a doctor with an

excelency an endowment intelectuala.
And declaratiile urmatoare burn be
incredibile but that burn be writed:”
Feather in 1960 died in Roumanian stupid
mountains, amagiti”. Securitatea, says M.
P., Be prostita, we were can do abuses no
don’t ne be us permited” Securitatea.
More, Securitatea the actually age
suspicioasa the si geloasa wherethrough i
furau” the trespassers” carry to hospital
had a better regime the si, frequently, the
doctor the age defendant as the does this
thing from his liking interest. Otherwise,
the diagnosis of revendicativ( jeneaza to
say the bolter) the age puted of a
committee, and the internment and the
doctor were always a zone of refuge
waves he found out the tolerances and
the solidarity.
In order to suspended every illusions, M.
P. Întreaba:” But why to isn’t the politic
his religious an ill bolter psyche, when
take possesion the insanity is dissidence
against normality?”. Adevarul is as” the
Roumanian psychiatrist pro or antianti
abuses. Don’t unwilling his bad the will,
but simply to does them. Guvernantii of
yesterday don’t considerau the complaint
psihica right an attainder and therefore
they don’t foloseau an psychiatry,
 283

wherethrough they voiau as a matter of

fact the attainder bolter.

Therefore, what else the practical joke on

all the which world he left shaked of the
image gulagurilor psychiatric from S.U.,
România, Cuba either his China of
marturiile cutremuratoare of fostilor
psychiatric prisoners. Were struggle
organizatiilor internationof exposed the
politic abuse from psychiatry. Were just a
fib. Hardly now we learn to M. P. As, as a
matter of fact, the communism no don’t
the age asked the psychiatric abuses, nay
le interzicea in vehement ways.
Finished to ne pregatim to hear and a
maxim about which you come back
always. Thus, M. P. Says:” The
communist former teacher erau omenosi
the si of a flawless professionalism”, that
just ne and întrebam how come îndraznit
the Roumanian his people knocks down a
such full of regime incites the humanity?
Appointed this guy of converted a tragic
case the unexplainable si, which
phenomenon be interpreted than through
the system of social engineering specify
the experiment from Pitesti. Isn’t
credible, not even most zelosi
communists dared to go with
affirmationsle them feather here, defying
 284

adevarul and the whole world. Is indeed a

tragic case, a case in which the fear and
angoasa from fostul regime can act and
when this don’t the maul exist, on the
strength of cunoscutei theories on which
aminteste Pofr -“ the psychology cage”.
b. A case of a duplicity
B. A case of a duplicity.
In 1992, the nomenclature comunista
from psychiatry is decided to pass to an
adjustment of accounts as the in her
good days. Contextually” noii” drive
politic from the country she consider as
he is the favorable moment undertook an
act demolatoare, in the style of the years
of glory, against which psychiatrists fell to
the criticisms openly the psychiatric still
more selected abuses against P. L. R.,
The which distinguished grouping in ways
particularly in this frame.
Talking about Stalin and stalinism, Roy
Medvedev characterize excellently the
way of thought the politics of the
communism, characterized neîntrerupta
the offensive against opozitiei of stânga
or rightful, deceived the opinion published
of organized the diversions”
contrarevolutionare” which many times
invent them, appearing in the role of”
saviors” have the country. The disaster
the age puted always on the expense”
 285

diversionists” bourgeoes, of the elements

dusmanoase and traitress, of the
saboteurs, reasons for which adevarul is
counterfeit with roughness. Paralizati
tremulously, supravetuitorii you thicken
the row of the chorus of eulogists to the
address” conducatorului.
From aparitia of the communism, of
Roumanian metastasis, stalinismului and
epifenomenonului or - the psychiatric
abuse - throughout he unfurled same
scenario, and struggle of ariegarda fostei
nomenclatures comuniste from psychiatry
încadreaza perfect in the classic guy of
stalinism.
On the strength of this ideologists, in the
beginning the year 1992, after a silence
vinovata and after they made sure as in
România don’t you exist a process of a
communism, principalii authors have the
psychiatric abuses have declansat an acts
of guys commandos against acelora
wagons now tau directly and aggressive
for the reform in psychiatry.
The campaign of his television Emanuel
Vofriu and lungul the serial from the
communist newspaper of can since then
-“ Dimineata” - represents the typical
example of of a inspired shares of be
Securitate, chiefly through libel and
 286

misinform, in the manner the

professional.
Pushing ahead an insignificant doctor,
with grave problems caracteriof, homely
the professional si, this the faces îsi
assume” whole responsibility”, but in fact
gave the occasion of the nomenclature -
opening this” chat” in the press through
anonymous his items through the
entrance in the scene tartorilor -
organized a campaign of denigration and
the fib as the in their good days(
invectives, fibs, indignation artificiala
etc.). Wherethrough his attack disposes
of at least of credibility, the commando
need the defendants” specify”: treason
homesickness, the treason of the
psychiatry, verocitate, careerism, but in
the same time the mavericks are and
grouping nesemnificativa”, collective
psychiatrists be manifestly all told around
their, exactly how the age and the
Roumanian people feather in 1989, as a
monolith around” conducatorului”. Si here
at all I am affirmationsle which poet
says:” Firstly the opponent and then can
it doctor as on a monster”. Ca and in the
period comunista, the main guilty the by-
pathes the leaders opozitiei from
psychiatry, the remainder am just some”
 287

deceive retrievable”. Sa try to descifram

the mechanism.
Taking advantage of nelinistea of the
press internationof and in chief of some
the defendants bringed of the review
britanica” The European”, the defendants
taked again of to principofle journals from
the country in which învedera be of a
psychiatric abuses the si after 1989, the
commando dump these outside informatii
part neadevarate, drive P. L. R. The fact
as the to the hour aparitiei the serial
from” Dimineata” and the broadcasts TV
situatia the age lamurita officially and the
fishy public a year, in the sense as the the
exaggerations of the press internationof
don’t had to the base informatii venite
from APLR, had for one dominati of the
idea of the libel and no revenge
importance. For the thought comunista
adevarul is relative the si partinic( Lenin),
and the panoply cliseelor shall be seted
going. If” adevarul them” don’t exist, he
is shall manufactured. In this kind, his
broadcasts E. Vofriu and his serial Duica
from” Dimineata” became politic good
conducted outpourings of to be Securitate
and of to their colleges communist
psychiatrists.
Of now, the scenario is shall unfurl in the
manner tipica, binecunoscuta, from
 288

former” Scânteie”. Conducerii P. L. R. I is

reproached affirmationsle from” The
European”, how as the in România burn
else exist 300 of prisoners of
consciousness internees in the hospitals
psychiatric, and” the ministry adevarului”
he prompts as” the culprits” to is înfierati
as some tradatori. Dezvinovatirile,
dezmintirile, the arguments, the
documents writed don’t else can to have
no influence wherethrough as a matter of
fact this campaign don’t îsi propusese
adevarul, but the of a denigration of a
ethical attitudes the si present it a
psychiatric abuses from pasts as the
some fibs.
Peradventure the enumeration of typical
libels of the mentality comuniste don’t
burn be due to concern ones us. A book
alba concerning the psychiatric abuses
comuniste is in forerank a piece of
memory, wherethrough across several
slanderer his years he don’t says as the
fibs of today they were adevaruri. Here in
one what urmeaza the si in short, the
manner calomnioasa filled across 60 of
pages of newspapers and some hours of
broadcast to the television publish.
The authors of the serials support as the
activity P. L. R. Exposed the psychiatric
abuses comuniste afecteaza the of a
 289

whole prestige categories socio, but, and

worse, this thing means and a treason of
homeland. P. L. R. Is a very little group,
nereprezentativ, below 1 from the
Roumanian psychiatrists, while their
asociatia - P. R. - burn have across 1. 000
of membr, that is, what to else we speak,
all the psychiatrists from România.
Although so little, this grupuscul can
attempt to the honour of the profession
and, wherefore don’t, whole medical
bresle the si just whole country. P. L.
Came into being. Just with telul
compromised the psychiatry and of
culpabiliza on all the psychiatrists( the
one five - six culpable tartori identified
now with all the psychiatrists) and,
certainly, indict it just as a matter of fact
imagine. The stated aim of asociatiei burn
be identified the victims of the psychiatry
and the begetter doctors abuses, but
neputând brings the eloquent evidences
gaseste as the guilty on all those which
have the prisoner jobs of management in
psychiatry, of caror jobs the limbs P. L. R.
Look them with” Flemish eye”. Dar, come
back fostii nomenclaturisti, the politic
abuses even if they were in proportions of
table( vechiul Lazarescu, whom he
answered it Vianu, just as I showed
hereinbefore) and way.no way after
 290

1980( therefore in a reasonable time

were certified). Caci, say they, wherefore
a totalitarian regime burn be due to
foloseasca the psychiatry from the
prisons? Park I don’t burn know of the
hunger of international prestige of
communist leaders.
In report with Securitatea, the psychiatry
burn be former just a lawyer ex officio of
the patient. For Securitate the path of the
psychiatry the age a path” umanitara”
wherethrough they ajutau the individual,
a luxury for individual, and for this were
just complication”. as a matter of fact,
the bolter burn be belonged to Securitatii
and except in case of” irecuperabilitate”
severa the assisted age of to psychiatrist,
but, to are atenti, merely in benefit of
bolter.
We believe as through these affirmations
touched the limit the maxim. And then,
continue nomenclaturistii, nor they
existed the bolters, for to we existed
Saharov( exactly as the mock in which
one what împrumutase neighbor the pot
primeste the answer: Firstly don’t gave
me, in second secondarily the age
breaked and then ti behind.
Science became for securisto adevarata
an art. Therefore the libels shall continue:
 291

P. L. Became. As a matter of fact an

associations of family, around three
persons, all ahtiate after high jobs( to
that the job of director have it” the
teacher” Ionescu, head of a department
the age V. Predescu, and director
Policlinicii Titan, vestitul C. Gorgos), but,
the laudation Domnului, feather now
these high jobs were salvate. As a matter
of fact, therethrough they they exposed
as adevaratii movers have the campaign
of the press and TV, nobody else don’t
burn be wealthy this power in the
Roumanian psychiatry.
Following rationamentul of excelsior, the
limbs P. L. R. Am as a matter of fact some
pseudo wagons and they did just aura of
bolters.
Is passed then to the slanderousness
fiecarui the leader fractionally and is
begun at first with the which were a
notorious communist”, again Toculescu
burn be the author Decretului 3131980,
although is known as all legislative
initiativele from psychiatry, just the
ministerial orders erau conceived of V.
Predescu. Orbiti of fury, of this her date
recognize and be” of a temple of the
politic Roumanian psychiatry”, Spitalul
Balaceanca, waves the president P. L.
Were. Sometime director. Therefore in
 292

România existed psychiatry the politics,

existed a temple” just there worked one
of the bolters knowns have the psychiatry
and the president P. L. R. To see, only
that, just from these mouth communists
without simtul onoarei, how show temple
carui be accepts it, in a the country in
which take one’s dick that existed
repression poitica through psychiatry.
Thus, to this hospital exist a guard
nemedicala, although here lucrau doctors.
Against uzantelor, the here doctors erau
dotati with magnetophones. Here erau all
internees posibilii bolters, the prisoners of
consciousness, the victims of psychiatric
abuse bringed through vestitul Decret
121965.
Here therefore as the just their, throwing
obviously the cat in the courtyard of the
neighbor, recognize existed psychiatry the
politics. And what witness can be else
avizati than nomenclaturistii takes
possesion, that is faptasii.
The shop with clisee of of the propaganda
comuniste continue. The president P. L.
Aligned with. Then what l be it costed to
is with they feather at an end?), As a
matter of fact autoproclamat president of
P. L. R.( As if we, after 1989, I have
înfiintat a cell P. C. R.). All the activity
president is punctata merely as a matter
 293

of fact penal: Medical false certificates,

the bribe, obviously in the currency, and
he interned to psychiatry in order to
inherits it giddap.
From pacate, the vice-president from that
thenceforward the age realmente from
their category and successful his practical
distruga P. L. R. But to see how îsi
caracterizeaza the mate, on the teacher
did.
The part near perpetual from the
committees medico psychiatric, becoming
a champions of a politic psychiatric which
abuses, if they did, through he they did.
Is a fanatic communist the si indeed, be
excluded from party with the occasion
meditatiei did, lachrymatory memoirs to
all the congress of his party is geted back
and, toward his bad luck, this thing he
happened just to last congress from
November 1989. Now cocheteaza with P.
T. C. D. And chiefly I burn be the
electioneerer of d Ratiu, although 12
were the lecturers to învatamântul of
wrote, deistic monographes the
materialistic si, in align with a lecturer
from Catedra of Marxism, all obtained
power and high functii in party and in
Catedra psychiatric. In real way, as any
nomenclaturist communist, they
consisted as the teacher has no the work
 294

scientificly, had the activity dissidence

and, if you please, verification securista
abaft with across 40 of years, he took
away from the effectuation military
probation, afisând a complaint fictiva, all
proven with photocopies.
From pacate, just as I have else showed,
many among acuzatiile bringed his
Romila they proved adevarate and
seemed as and stipendiary the si the
tribute through the inland destruction P.
L. R., Whereat must adaugate
dizarmoniile his of personality, and after
last activities” publicistice”, serioasa
involuare to an which were the
intelligences.
Of third is taked in collimator i. Vianu,
Swiss psychiatrist of origin româna,
became after a fearless emigration fighter
for right man. And he is guilty all of the
establishment P. L. R. Certainly as the i
applied were: The limb of party(
deposited; Application of entry, but, for 5
years, received, blocându thus the
promotion and fortându the emigration),
don’t îndeplineste no sacrosanta mission
strainilor brought the helps, certainly he
quisles of peoples and the country and
gânditi to the enormity were selled
Ardealul of the Hungarians”. else be and a
big sympathizer of the Marxism and the
 295

socialism( why, domne, else be due to

emigrate?”) In god-daughters, dr. Marian
Popa, the secretary P. L. R. Burn be
former the si he big communist and
notorious securist( why I burn be this a
fault from a quality, taking into
consideration that they take possesion
demonstrated no the shade of regret) and
else he extracts and official documents
from ministries( the regret is obvious,
thus don’t they can them they burns.
All the leaders P. L. R., In block of flats,
nediferentiat, they trained the press,
institutiile politic in the slanderousness of
the psychiatry, flouted the prestige
country, appeofd to of a spijinul
organizatii internationof. P. L. R. Appears
so an which organism blameaza the si
santajeaza the psychiatry, an instrument
of antipsihiatriei( whereat psychiatry is
refered really, to one socialist?), You to
unjoint the assistance psychiatric.
Although a little grupuscul the
insignificant si, P. L. R. Causes to it panics
on” adevaratii” psychiatrists.
The punishment prompted for these
individuals are due to is exemplara, again
Ministerul Sanatatii is incited to enter into
on the go.
As a matter of fact, be due to have the
pity of these peoples. To what days
 296

arrived when with 2 - 3 years forward the

age necesara just a simple the note
informativa to Securitate the si
everything burn be former solved. Now
they, most” responsibilities”, be due to
travels with petitions, with arguments.
What frame burn be can they organize in
their years of glory, while now be due to
umileasca and to is worshiped an which
even ear deaf person.
Here, last, the conclusions whereat
arrived organizational the campaign of
press actiunii securisto looking the
activity P. L. R. And celor carry the
criticism the repression the politics from
the psychiatry comunista româna:
Denigreaza the sanitary body and
Ministerul Sanatatii; Denigreaza the
country through the defendants of non-
observance right man, although I were
the word of” their country,” that is of that
image comunisto about country, with
carei nostalgia remained denigreaza
actuofle structures of can legislative the
executive si of country.
To întrebam now on any politic his
prisoner on anybody is at all
accomodated with the kind in which
alcatuiau the penal folders in the time of
communist regime, if this act securisto
doed after the rules of the high maul
 297

profesionism of fostului the regime. What

I burn else need now in order to is drawn
the conclusion vinovatiei of” the crime
against the socialist regime of the si of
the security of the state” and if, possibly,
drive P. L. R. I don’t burn have the fate
celor from Caciulati.
To are seriosi, tovarasi communists from
psychiatry and of elsewhere,
dumnevoasta swim today against
generatia young man he expeled you just
with tul blood, don’t the maul have future
the si therefore he who fight for the
reform in psychiatry, inclusively for the
reform the ethics, don’t you pati none.
Here therefore who am those which
considered adevaratii promoters have the
Roumanian psychiatry, responsibilities,
patriots go out of their past communist
and tortionar with head upside and
pounding at” the curs” anticomuniste,
just as spunea dl. Gavriliu.

C. Reactiile the public opinion, of the

press.
Is as the when you find out you geared
in a the work sociala to feel the
solidarity celor from swears. Have else
underlined situatia of dissidence in
which found out the which psychiatrists
fight for the reform of the psychiatry,
 298

contextually in which whole

management of the psychiatry is in the
hands fostilor nomenclaturisti or
communists from rule two. The attack
were well thought out and supported.
Gânditi as had the endorsement of the
adviser presedintelul the republic, dl.
Mironov.
The attack celor from the governmental
newspaper Dimineata the si of the
national job of last television refuge of
communists in were) for we and a
refreshing opportunity felt the
solidarity celor from swears and the
forward sense of our demarche.
You opens with reactia of the teacher
Piru, director of the newspaper
Dimineata, carry apprehend from
begin.begin with to desolidarizeze of
slanderer which used the space of the
newspaper without his difficult approval
days sufficed it to has communist from
psychiatry if cann’t I lost] a place on
earth, an which his newspaper le
împartaseasca the shares, to furiseze
and to apply to the contraband, be
dezavuati of oneself director gazetei
whereat” they had the access”. Iata
how liniază the teacher Piru sitautia
creata( in Expres Magazin from 11 febr.
 299

1992):” From pacate, fundatia

Dimineata debutat with some brosuri in
which is reprographic the dirty serial of
C. Duica. I opposed me this material
slanderous which publication don’t
recovers no prestige country. Then, he(
prompted) his help Mironov( the
adviser president Iliescu), carry yes
light green. I believe as he is inserted
Iliescu, but rather one Gorgos. Some
items nesemnate are murdarii of his
Gorgos. If I burn after me, l throw out
it on Duica, carry is an impostors.
Ladies, really for a such groups of little
the insignificant si the age his necessity
involve the of a adviser president of
country, to deceive the of a vigilance
director of newspaper, to have of he he
did with persons on which propriul
them chiefs consider it impostors and
all printed murdariile his Gorgos.
The rector university of the medicine,
shocked and he also murdarii, declare:”
Alive my I had the privilege” to
consisted the noxiousness of medical
envy, only that never the hatred, the
cowardice, calumniate, the revenge
don’t they reunited in a act so
reprobabila.
 300

The redactor of the broadcasts TV

wagons he geared in same acts
denigratoare, Emanuel were, dismissed
and no today don’t still more got back
the job. And all this disaster except
were united with the communists and
executionersi from psychiatry.
The organisms internationof ofrtat. Dl.
Anthony Coombs, from the group the
British parliamentarian for right man,
declare to a press-conference:” As
much Ministerul Justitiei, quotient and
one of Sanatatii concur as savârsit
psychiatric abuses in România”. În
institutiile psychiatric vizitate the
British burgess notice as:” The peoples
live as the animals”, and to Podriga,
jud. Botosani, the British which
volunteers live and lucreaza to Caminul
psychiatric( among which the si the of
a daughter the British parliamentarian)
were beated from the order of the
supervisor.
Through the broadcasts TV his of E.
Vofriu and the serial from Dimineata,
underline Sanda Angelescu( 1992), he
launched an attack against the victims
of totalitarian psychiatry. Am protected,
conversely, the direct concerned in
persons the torture, as and the
 301

morality of communist regime in

ensemble.
But best the problem is tratata in
Tineretul Liber, of to Dan Stanca.
He said - show the author -
vulgarizându, as all the Romanians
struggled somehow or other against his
Ceausescu. But this don’t urmareste
than compromise the phenomena of
dissidence, were about this he is and
rationamentul which acelora, invoking
the form of the fight colectiva and
anonima Roumanian people, denigrated
any sprocket dissidence. On this
compromised, Roumanian dizidentei,
they took down and the shares of the
newspaper which Dimineata he put, the
faces, in of our psychiatry in order to
appear it of the inland treason the
exterior si. This, after parerea them, I
burn soil the prestige country, for, if the
bolters internees in the clinics
psychiatric had no on far intentia
protested against the dictatorship, they
were than some sarmane” minds
ratacite”. as a matter of fact, therefore
the repression comunista no existed
limitându just to” urecheala” which the
militiamans a maul aplicau celor which
a maul aruncau how much sequin” on
 302

sof. This shall, as a matter of fact, to

show the newspaper Dimineata and E.
Vofriu, achieved a painful feature
reports about some human fapturi of
cries, but he is ten to one as E. Vofriu
and advanced the si the dismissal
binemeritata.
The system 300 of prisoners of
consciousness, even if he don’t
corresponds were, binevenita caused a
look attempt toward past, which must
to elucidam as much for present,
quotient and for the future.
The fact as the the putsch securisto is
a provocation is clarified of dr.
Toculescu, I carry liniază as don’t P. L.
Gave. Informatiile for The European
and as the, in this gave, dezmintirile
necessarily as much in publicatia
amintita, quotients and close up of
radio BBC. No the British parliament
supported affirmationsle of English but,
on the contrary, he struggled them.
The thing clarificasera with a year ante
the serials from Dimineata the si from
TV.
But all these burn be former valid for
which peoples burn be desirable his
serveasca adevarul, while murdara
 303

campaign of were just an act of

commando of guy securist in which
adevarul gambled no roles. Luckily,
whole the stranded act in ridiculous.
Saw at all I burn be for his
nomenclature fereasca the psychiatry
of any interpretation, at least from now
on, we render afterwards, in fine, the
manner in which done the internments
to Geneva, in Elvetia, related the
teacher J. Stuky as part as of a visits
on did to we.
In Elvetia he developed an psychiatry
moderna an wagons puts base on an
ambulatory treatment. The internments
are temporizate from supervene than
in the climacteric moments. Exist a law
for the psychiatric internments. Thus,
for internment the doctor is due to yes
a certificate of which internment am
due to corresponds of a precise criterii,
such as: The specification of the
diagnosis, the somatic imminent
danger, the must of the attendance in
average spitalicesc. This the certificate
is certified of the of a doctors
committees and if seem incomplete i
added yes we.
 304

To internment, of the invalid i

înmâneaza” binds the internments”.
Pacientul has at command 10 after day
intern in order to did the petition. He
must examined of to one of the limbs”
of the committee of supervision”.
Majoritatea of the patients get down on
the task ambulatory jobs. Today to
Geneva vorbeste all less of a system
spitalicesc and all a more of one
ambulator. The basic notion of is as ill
his internee is how much giddap
externat and încredintat ambulatory
jobs.
In Elvetia, the principle is as the
psychiatric hospital to is open. For ill
agitate is can closed his pavilion a
drawing room, on short periods, but
explained his patient of the family for
what taken like masuri. Isn’t a situation
conclude, but he is an attempt limited
on how much possible masurile of
compulsion. In the psychiatric hospital
exist and a section closed an which is
as a matter of fact a sections a prison.
Here I am tratati he who îmbolnavesc
in prison. This the section is the
independence of the authority
penitenciara.
 305

In the delinquent case, the patient is

indicted of to the judicial organs, waves
his lawyer the prosecutor can prompt
an expertise psychiatric if apprehend as
the is the word of a complaint psihica.
The law court can declare on
irresponsible his partial responsible
patient, depending on penal Codul, and
he can dispose a psychiatric treatment
in his ambulatory hospital. If I am
îngrijiti in hospital, externarea the
invalids depends on” the council of
supervision”. Pentru some hotaraste set
free with title of attempt and am
obligatorily urmariti in charge
compulsory feather go out of the frame
incidentei legally. The patients can be
externati tentative the si then can be
bringed back.
Here at all I burn be as in this his case
aplicam experience elvetiana for the
modernization of Roumanian psychiatry
prompted budgetary backgrounds, no,
on thecontrary, through the ambulatory
jobs the expenditures reducându to 13
from the cost hospitalization. Inertia
holds don’t merely of the thought
comunista 5 - 6 tartori, but and of the
big number of which doctors profit from
the current system of organization( sefi
 306

of sectii, the pyramid can,

neacomodare with noul, with the
adhibition of specific methods of the
treatment ambulator, with the
psychotherapy, while in hospital can
come to the hour stabilita, you can see
ill a date on week and can it give a
treatment in the beginning which can
to don’t else change.
Like propose of reforms did periodic
from 1972, then after revolutions, of
the director Angheluta, Cosa, Ionescu,
presenting medical arguments the
financial dense si were never abroad
studied the organization psychiatric did
they repetitively. Chose me with
ridiculed, shut up, label” e maddish”.
Este clearly as the the privileges on
which offer them actuala organization
arhaica sefilor of section shall do
imposibila any reform in psychiatry.
This is as a matter of fact adevarata
situation in the Roumanian psychiatry,
resistance to any change, the dirty
attack against celor wagons”
deranjeaza” and an agreement of a
mediocrity, of the fear as the changing
the system of organization excluded,
but that from psychiatry, from those
little the mean si privileges - sefiile.
 307

3. Reform in psychiatry he don’t

means psihiatrie.
Just as I saw principofle arguments
of the nomenclature comuniste hold
chiefly of the area of the invectives
and of the libel, through saraciei
them in arguments. Yet, some tartori
fell to urzeasca” arguments
stiintifice” indicting on those which
you want the reform in psychiatry as
the burn be psihiatri, I burn belongs
to of a which appeared sometime in
the psychiatry westerna -
antipsihiatria. Therefore he who
don’t agreeaza their psychiatry don’t
the by-path than some psihiatri( that
is they shall the abolition of the
psychiatry). Mare poverty of genie to
these teacher!
The subject antipsihiatriei is little
known of to our psychiatrists(
educati with his books Gorgos,
Ionescu, Predescu, Romila), and in
their speech” the teacher” developed
the problem, chiefly as the came as
a god send when intensificase as
opposition against their psychiatry,
the one înapoiata also abuziva.
Teacher as Lazarescu, Ionescu,
Predescu, Romila aruncau before
 308

1989, as and currently, label of

psihiatri tuturor acelora wagons
doreau at all change vechilor a
structures from his which psychiatry
don’t erau of agreements with they,
currently most” psihiatri” be the
limbs P. L. R. Otherwise, in a idioms
criptocomunist, M. Lazarescu
underline the dependencies bolilor
the psyches of actiunea” represiva”
bourgeois society. Bolile psyche in
conceptia to appear as a
consequence of the class struggle”.
these Din reason, says the teacher,
Occidentul nor I don’t burn else be
asked the problem of psychiatric
abuses from The Europe of Est. He
complains of for instance the fate of
the psychiatry italiene waves, abaft
of a laws” to insistentele psihiatrilor”,
the psychiatrists don’t the maul
dispose of institutii, of hospitals in
which his I doctor ill, while dr.
Crosignani the astonished age of
sansele therapeutically which
institutionof exist to Timisoara. Yet,
wondered as recently he is in
progress and to we an ascension a
motion antipsihiatriei( read the
motion for the reform in psychiatry)
of which, the faces, the separate
 309

Europe. Put us the question if abaft

many too frecventelor visits doed in
Occident, arduously financial which I
don’t belong to, can he consisted in
The Europe - the nostalgia after the
organization azilara wagons thrive in
România below his patronage.
Principala his fear M. L. Is as” the
motion interioara, the ethics of the
psychiatry, ocupata with the research
of the abuses and the folders, to he
don’t gets down on fractionally
cealalta the barricade, that is in
psihiatrie. Can to asiguram as the îsi
distresses uselessly still more good
burn reflect to another problems,
truly important.
But the teacher offers us and
solutia:” In these shares must call
merely one of craft”( without chat as
the gândeste to Predescu, Ionescu,
Milea, Romila, can and to Grecu the
obvious si to he, that is to those
which they have” haiducit” the
psychiatry comunista for decades
becoming thus peoples” by trade”).
Sa leave only that aside elucubratiile
of the teacher - wagons îsi plateste
the promotions longed as much -
explained why these criptocomunisti
 310

used the term of psihiatrie,

expecting as he can such they shall
can bar any reform in still more
selected psychiatry shall bar the
psychiatry sociala, the stage in which
found out today the European
psychiatry in which - for his report -
The Italy deal a headmost place.
Ajungerea to the stage psychiatric
which M. L. Sees it as” break apart
form the reform”, on the contrary,
he is a completion of the a reform to
the level exigentelor and the level
stiintelor current which approximate
absent ones to the psychiatrists from
our country, grace in forerank”
teacher.
Is the necessity here of the barrel
history. Evolved in the century of Xx-
lea in three successive stages,
depending on the development
diferent stiinte( biology, psychology,
sociology and concepts humanists).
Deci, here these stages:
1. The stage Logică, he appears in the
beginning the century bazându on
the blast of biologic knowledges(
anatomic studies, of physiology, the
genetics, biochemistry, bare the
microscope, of the microbes etc.).
 311

Kraepelin accepts the medical

biologic model) of the complaint
and corresponding his, the
psychiatric hospital, builded after
the principles of the hospitals of
somatic complaints. This dominated
absolutely the psychiatry Europe
feather in 1945 - 1950, but
unfortunately in S.U. And in all
socialist camp, evolutia the
psychiatry is shall stuck at this
level, singura contribution be
ideologizarea, that is acreditarea
the politics of psychiatric system as
the be materialistic the si
developing such psychiatry clinico.
This ideologizare frozen evolutia of
the psychiatry in the countries
comuniste, rejecting the
psychological concepts of example(
and M. L. Knows struggled f. Pamfil
bore the equal-phase psychiatry
psihologica). Dar now, M. L. Wants
to continuously same psychiatry(
can is believed in a the branch
populata just with fool) and strong
aces puts to the doubt the ecstasy
italianului of which amintea M. L.
Saw the organization psychiatric
from we.
 312

2. The stage Psihologica the si of the

psychiatry appeared in The Europe,
but through were much more in S.
The country of asylum for multi
scientists, inclusively psychologists,
a lot of be the Hebrews persecutati
of to Nazisms. Appear new concepts
on the strength of his studies
Freud, is given birth to the
psychology medicala, I carry you
puts at command we theories
concerning the personality, you
disposes of medicamentary specific
methods, you be capabila to give
numerous explicatii
psihopatologice. All these concepts
were forbidden of the communist
ideology to we and certainly tartorii
of the psychiatry comuniste applied
in the practice the politics of the
party. While The Europe mergea
forward, we stagnam( as and in the
cybernetics, the genetics and many
altele).
3. the stage sociologica the si of social
began after second world war in S.
And then he expanded with rapidity
in The Europe, leading to the of a
creation the complete psychiatrists,
bio, I carry in the current were
denumita of numerosi right authors
 313

psychiatry sociala, don’t due to of a

exclusivist visions, but accentuated
the side umanizatoare the current
psychiatry. This put on the go
chiefly we institutii of treatment,
accentuating about the treatment
unitar and socializării, created and
we the fashions of the complaint
bazate on the theories the
humanists on which the sociology
and the philosophic ideation of our
century he circulated them last two
stages don’t they unfurled in fostele
countries comuniste, therefore no
in România, this through must of
purity logică, the repulsion against
Freud and declararii the Marxism as
the singura conception sociologica.
Here he interferes the group of
nomenclaturisti lipsiti of another
arguments and appoint psihiatrie any
which conception is deflected at all from
the purity logică the socialist psychiatry.
The psychiatry of the age remained just
an psychiatry logică and azilara, and any
go out of the front the age cataloguized
right the crime of psihiatrie( that is, if I
burn be due to explicam, is the word of
psihiatrie in the sense of” against their
psychiatry”. Cine don’t the age with their
psychiatry the obvious age psihiatru.
 314

Showed as big motion sociologica of the

reform in appeared in Occident after war.
Then westernii noticed gapingly as the
maugre conceptiilor the which humanist
dezvoltau and the democratic system,
exist instiututie builded after totalitarian
principles - the classic hospital of his
psychiatry unlived. Adevarata revolution,
although no there the psychiatrists
headed the change. Yet, the country after
the country, gazeta after gazeta were
contained of the fever of the exposures
and these impugnments institutii wagons
don’t only that don’t good erau for
treatments, but I don’t burn be be due to
appear never. Toward his disillusion M. L.,
In were a big motion sociologica, and
headed the promotion changes. Certainly
they were and one dramas. Many
psychiatrists had senzatia the of a
destruction institutii, they opposed and
they were and multi denigrators, but
today the psychiatry westerna is some
sociala, and institutia of singularily
treatment umanizata. I frankly, rather the
ace believes as M. L. Mind than to
apprehend as the the Italian admire
institutia which drives it( for instance,
what he happened with the hospital from
Zam?). But a such” denigration”
contextually the democratic western
 315

systems never interpretata as the treason

homesickness or as the psihiatrie,
although, just as I showed and here, the
process he unfurled noisy. To these
discutii took the part sociologists,
philosophers, jurists, prelacy, activists for
right man, psychiatrists reformers etc.
And in were a resistance to change from
vechilor manservants have these
institutii( were communist), and big
personal lived that fiziologica the
sensation of” destroy” the psychiatry,
through of a natural reflex of defence.
In this teribila the fight appeared
different which concepts, contextually the
democratic atmosphere, they confronted,
they denied reciprocally, but they formed
the feather to the big trace Miscare
Sociologica of Reforma from a such
Psihiatrie of big plurality of pozitii the si
led to the possibility as the,
retrospectively, to is can distinguished
two important current:
Current a reformer and constructive an
which, subduing of a critical vehement
vechea psychiatry, oferea solutii on the
strength of carora he developed actuala
psychiatry sociala and institutiile they. In
this current all engaged the psychiatrists
professionals. Were a modification totala
a structure of new psychiatry vision about
 316

complaint psyche and about institutiei of

treatment.
B. An wealth of heterogeneous emissive
in particular conceptii of to which
nonspecialists - although they conduced
to innovating current - can be accepted of
to specialists, they necorespunzând of a
reforms rationof and no the practice. This
the heteromorphic group of conceptii,
carry disturbed through the tension
wherewith erau were, nominated with the
name of psihiatrie.
Have no idea in what measure know the
teacher, but be due to liniem in vehement
way as the existence institutionalizata of
a which his entities denumeasca psihiatrie
don’t exist, and fell to the all more heads
pejorative appearances, from pacate
to we be utilizata just of detractive the
reform in psychiatry, while in this
Occident disappeared long ago through
the victory of social psychiatry. Here,
therefore, what he shall as a matter of
fact dl. M. L. - an in a average which
mystification is little well-informed(
although, from pacate, I seemed as he he
is perfect awake to this thing.
But then, the theories antipsihiatrice are
very diverging, with variants sociatrice or
politic, with rightful his extremists of
stânga.
 317

As far back as the age dizidentei

psychiatric from România,
nomenclaturistii hodiernal and of
yesterday încadrau deprecatingly as the
psihiatri on all he who” ieseau from
front”. for instance, our work” Psihiatria
were” flushed out of the book-sellers and
gived to molten on reason of psihiatrie.
Just as I have else showed, the change in
the Roumanian psychiatry don’t shall
come never from those which profit from
vechile structures. For this reason the
implication celor outwardly the
psychiatry( literatis, reporters etc.) You
be a stage istorica necesara as the the si
in Occident.
The case României becomes still more
acute through aceea as the the qualified
psychiatrists after the books and below
the guidance of the teacher of the
ideologues of communisms. Or, after 50
of years psychiatric logică, ideologizata
marxist, pavlovizata in the age stalinista,
you be very difficult for the psychiatrists
the old his maul adapted exacting noilor.
Practise, these burn be due to recalifice,
whole areas of of current psychiatry
fiindu completely unknown, actiunea
them in psychiatry be some of guy
pompieristic, just as they learned from on
which they read them( which can to le
 318

citeasca). Cu anecdotic title the ace

remember one from the pearls of the
thought of the teacher Predescu.” Priviti,
spunea he, all the doctors from another
which specialties emigrated they achieved
there, some in excellent ways. I don’t
know only that no psychiatrist emigrated
which his be doed a big the career in
Occident”. Nu know wanted to says the
teacher, but for were clear as the all they
were feriti of success” through calificării
which insured just the psychiatry teached
of he to the desk and through” his
treaties of psychiatry.
Is clear as the except the young
psychiatrists, dezinteresati of ierarhizarea
tensely from the organization psychiatric
burn else can expect, in current conditiile,
to a qualification corespunzatoare. Here
but why exist this acerba resistance to
any the reform in our psychiatry. Is clear
as P. L. R. You be always acuzata of
psihiatrie. But, liniază Marian Popa, P. L.
R. Is fain to he enters into the
competition with vechiul style psychiatric,
pornindu from miza of the resurvey and
înnoirii of the psychiatry. P. L. R. He don’t
proposes to eliminate or to condemn on
the which psychiatrists am due to I
adapted noilor psychiatric concepts, but
îsi realize as therethrough change you
 319

exist an which minority shall suffer and

which shall require the tolerances and the
agreement.
The folders of the abuses are prompted in
forerank inventariate, because they
existed the which psychiatrists believed
sincere as the the bolters are ill psyches.
On the strength of his psychiatry
Predescu the very easy age as the what
don’t corespundea of social his
agreement
///////////////
To can be framed in a rigid classification,
in which the term of the complaint have
conotatia of a somatic complaints, finalize
and outside part irecuperabila. The
reestablishment adevarului has no the
nought of he did with a quarrel marunta
from is an warlike reason between
psychiatrists.
In the years of the dictatorship, through
the politics isolation intentionate, the
psychiatrists were izolati so the medicine,
quotient and of population. For he who
erijat in conducatori have the psychiatry,
natural the age an obedient man without
another opinions than those of can, what
justify double the consciousness and
dublul the standard( one of front and one
for he holds), as a matter of fact,
adevarata schizofrenizare sociala.
 320

Judecarea normality devenise a true

monopoly of can and default of of a the
docile psychiatrists the servile si. That is
why no today one numiti of atâtea either
conceives no change, declarându on he
who shall the right change hates have the
psychiatry.
What i is can reproached the in a such
psychiatrist the aberrant context the
repressive si? In forerank, ignorarea the
fact as the the society, the system
became pathologically. Were constrained
his ignored the insanity generala and to
confined to the cabinet and to his books,
operand secretly with the organs can for
the such ill isolation periculosi.
Thereunder label they hid frequently
politic incident to interests dissidence.
The psychiatry româna, as and whole the
social were, totalitara, keeping in fact an
atmosphere antisociala, conducing to
uniformizarea, personalizarea and to the
loss of the belief in of the man. This thing
he can spent and without the guilty
contest of of a psychiatrists. One the
guilty were putini and they were numiti
always, as much before, quotient and
currently. I can recognize easily
wherethrough they were always
recompensati of communism for the jobs
doed( big salaries, pluralisms of functii,
 321

many titles obtained without merits,

quick promotions, departures abroad near
in exclusive way, liberatatea printed
without covering valorica, economic
advantages, the violation binds were
sanctionati etc.). In the age of the
totalitarianism the psychiatry frizat
absurdul from the logic, sociabilitatea
from the socialization. Struggle of a
psychiatrists for did as these to is priviti
hatefully and considerati periculosi.
From theoretical viewpoint, the
psychiatry comunista don’t depasit the
horizon of the biology, considering the
complaint as the on a fatality. The future
psychiatry is due to this depaseasca
system and to align with the social
system, but toward binele of the invalid.
From these reason, P. L. Proposed. The
cabinet of of a establishment of the
institute psychiatric which his sociala
form specialists apti worked in the
psychiatry sociala and socializare.
Situatia in which find out us have not to
leads to the dejection, chiefly when right
man am protected and of organizatii
internationof. The reactionary which
group ţine main functiile in psychiatry
and is opposed the reform don’t shall else
have longtime can, The God lucreaza just
with the eternity.
 322

Principala to we represents it today an of

a nasterea the modern psychiatrists the si
a break of vechea psychiatry logică and
azilara, autoritara and saracacioasa.
Therethrough speram to the
synchronization of our psychiatry with
one European.
 323

Chapter V.
The abuses PSIHIATRIEI POLITICE DIN
ROMÂNIA.
Concrete study.
The vulnerability of Roumanian
psychiatry.
Just as subliniam in the previous
chapters, the use abuziva from ratiuni
nemedicof touched the apogee as part as
the totalitarian fascist still more selected
regimes periodic comuniste, acuzatia of
abuse can be straightened against
oricarui psychiatrist, all the same whence
I burn and he is natural, each individual
can mistake. But this fact appears as true
a sinister when contains an whole
professional system from ratiunea helped
a system nemedical - a repressive of a
system totalitarian societies.
The politic abuse of psychiatry therefore,
heinously existed and not even through
his big frequency, but for the fact as the
in the countries comuniste were
organized of to which states, became,
adevarata” organisations the murderess”,
involving the official operations( party
activists, doctors in quality oficiala, the
repressive organs of of inclusive state a
such Magistratura the crime organizata of
 324

to state don’t else be knowed in the

history humanity.

1. Practise the politic abuse in

psychiatry.
The utilization of the psychiatry in politic
aims of to the apologists of Roumanian
communism at least originala. This were
entered to we after the soviet example
the si he consolidated on the strength of
acelei” columns cincea”, format from the
which Romanians became from
communist in a opportunisms the country
in which initial existau 800 of limbs of
parties.
The role psychiatrist in abuse.
The concrete study of the psychiatric
abuse on the strength of the lot of cases
studied of we he did detailat. The
problem on which put us the age the role
gambled of adept in the repression
psychiatric.
The psychiatric Roumanian were
transformed in a instrument of
persecution the politics constituted little
an abstract, were built of the authorities
comuniste, of tartorii of Roumanian
psychiatry( name on which took over
from the press), as a true system opresiv.
Put in practise of a such system required
only that the cooperation in a
 325

psychiatrists elder his measures the little

maul, they accepting easily to is the
instrument can totalitarian. Don’t is can
conceived the psychiatric abuse spoke
and of the role psychiatrist.
Abaft on which undertook it he appeared
us as pithiness urmatoarea which
classification involve and a some
graduate a responsibility:
1. The which psychiatrists constituted
oficialitatea from psychiatry( the
nomenclature) - in gathered align
with Securitatea and with the
organs of parties -, they take
possesion dealing big functii of
management in party and can and
differed degrees in Securitate. They
are those which organized
conscious the repression psychiatric
in theory and practise.
2. The psychiatrists His bolters
mavericks, in very little number( at
least one knowns), întelesi, but
nesustinuti assets of big table
psychiatrists. They criticized
systematically or sporadic his
abuses have esoteric propria them
motion of dezideologizare,
unofficially or with covering, but all
they criticized the psychiatry
oficiala and on her exponents.
 326

3. The sea Massage the honest

psychiatrists, but dezinteresati and
dezinformati, tributarii the
psychology” of the cage”, alipiti
frequently in the manner coloniala”
teacher” from their zone geografica,
for micile administrative his lifetime
advantages linistita.
From first group do the part putini
individuals, can a dozen, if we detract
from such official those personalities of
the culture on which the communists le
foloseau always as the” papusniki”, how îi
numea Lenin, or rather as the” tovarasi
transitorily of road”. This the dozen of
nomenclaturisti deal and deal and today
all pozitiile of power, and from these
pozitii a little community, round of 1. 000
of persons, handle and manipuleaza the
psychiatry and on all the psychiatrists. In
order to delighted the party, they became
big theoreticians, objectors have the
psychiatric modern concepts comed from
Occident. This assisted in the abuses,
organizându and the reward on he who
erijat in executioners performers.
Carry the age explanation this
cooperations with the politic system
communist? From this viewpoint can
disclose urmatoarele motivatii:
 327

1. Explanation logică, sincera or

opportunist, of faith in ideal
communist and of adherance to
party. For these individuals the
criticism of the party or the
socialism can constitute a
phenomenon of inadaptability
sociala or just of the complaint
mintala. From these her reason
shall label on the submissive
individuals” of the treatment” them
as afflicted with his schizophrenia
the paranoia. Be due to liniem all
the some as the to this group,
frequently, the behavior have a
base aversive doubtful, as the
evidence as the after revolution one
they took down immediately in
rightful his parties became
unpolitical( just dr. Entered into P.
S. M., Where candidate for Senat,
without unprosperously).
2. desire of promotion profesionala, I
carry le dadea power and the
influence, satisfy ambitiilor, lifetime
benefits the maul hello and,
frequently, ambition them depasea
the sphere of the psychiatry,
wanting to become the ministers,
deputies and just limbs have
Comitetului Central.
 328

3. Their qualification caused the

appointment in functii, while the
qualification psychiatric the age
subsidiara. From these reason had
to always to renew the evidences of
affection fors parties and of
ideology. V. Were across 25 of years
secretaries of parties, then pro-
rectors, parleamentary deputy But
like politic functii le avusese the si
in the weather studies in S.U. From
these reason the study of the
documents of parties, of diferent
ideological changes deal to they
eldest part from time, the
professional problems dealing last
places, pozitia them sociala nefiind
connected with the professionalism.
The problem devenea dramatica
when drive the party( locala or the
station) changed, and acuzatia of
affection for fostul chief of party
can lead to the loss functiilor politic
which constituiau, as a matter of
fact, the foundation of their
professional career.
4. The party Shall promote the
devoted frames the si of first
reliable echelon of the psychiatry
facilitated his check the si of
Securitatii. In first the phase, the
 329

studies in S.U. Erau absolutely

necessary, because to atasamentul
against party in that the age the
indispensable age necessity and of
the proof atasamentului against
S.U..
In this context, the vulnerability were
very big, she remaining, practise, to
discretia of politic power. The
psychiatrists thereout category had to to
choose between party and the patient,
but for prezervarea privilegiilor they shall
choose always the party. Aligning with the
party and bratul or armured - Securitatea
-, means as had a common enemy. Of
now, explicatiile eticii victimization bolters
erau much more, decided the party, carry
obviously don’t gresea never. The
psychiatrist nomenclaturist stia as the his
patron is the party and as the any abuse
is accordance.in accordance to this
desire.
Pursuant to cooperation, the psychiatrist
nomenclaturist primea as the benefit a
salary dimensionat maximally, departures
abroad, villas vacational, access toes
special shops, luxurious good the another
si rewards for the jobs bringed. From
these reason, some among they became
adevarati apologists have the communism
 330

even internationally, through the attitude

from diferitele psychiatric congress.
The psychiatrists bolters were and am
putini in number and criticized openly or
veiled the regime, chiefly the utilization of
the psychiatry against bolters politics.
Some were pedepsiti severely, altii
forciblei to emigrate, li they organized
public process the actually si judicial
înscenari. Chiefly one abided at the
country have no else be promovati, li he
took the law published alti bolters groups
in little groups more or less oficializate
and have successful his has a certain
activity in the press, have one out works
in own administration. A big stipendiary
price, but the bolters and they assumed
this risk.
Dissidence” were” also, one from the
pathes of the fight. Thus, many
psychiatrists had an affable attitude the
actually si of” fraternize” with the bolters
internees, this thing be asserted of multi
among the bolters internees to
psychiatry.
The psychiatrists neangajati represented
the absolute majority. Their behavior of
discredited the age motivated through
the fear, using of procedee of negare the
si rationalization avoided dureroasele
ethical problems. But the fear and the
 331

compromise caracterizau in whole fact

population country and can therefore
represented an excuse and for
psychiatrists.
The psychiatrists conformists cunosteau
the norms and convenientele society
comuniste Roumanian the si stiau as the
a fake step a full of age therefore, their
first were his had of he did with the
bolters, and if this thing be avoided,
dadeau comes on” circumstante”. Multi
sought to answers on demand the
nomenclature of the agreement tacita
against what this pretindea. But then, the
hard to age believed as, be the
psychiatrists, can avoid the totals risk
had of he did with the bolters. Frequently,
neputând avoid the contact with they, can
gamble a charade of the manner
urmatoare:” I know as you don’t ail and
as the intern you, but gândeste have pati
if give you on their the what bad si did
me and me. Cann’t doesn’t more, sefii
ma supravegheaza, but to stii as the I
urasc this misery. Both are in same boat.
This in which each ignore it on celalalt, is
in substance a manner of the an
uncomplainingness. Is the word here of
natural intellectuals persons, interestedly
and make sure these conventionof
persons credeau, as a matter of fact, in
 332

the immortality of communist system of

the si failing of sense rezistentei. As a
matter of fact, she do not întelegeau on
bolters, these presenting for they a kinds
of luptatori with the windmills. When you
have an apartments, a family, don’t
deserve to exhibit you, and societarea
comunista don’t agrea nonconformismul.
As a matter of fact the
uncomplainingness dominate whole
society. For this reason the compromise
from psychiatry does the part the social
system which practise it most citizens.
The lack of the information, the
impossibility followed the motion of the
ideation as part as neurological stiintelor
led to plafonarea and the intoxication
Roumanian psychiatrists, read merely the
what literature carry the official
endorsement, that is celor else little
professionals among they. The psychiatry,
accordance.in accordance to these
handbooks, devenise a branch with 9 - 10
complaints whereat reducea whole
complexity branchi in the of a frame
visions to a high degree biologic. Just the
taxonomic study” of his G. Ionescu, doed
in the of a new despair the compromise
after revolution, has intentia dizgratioasa
proved as american Dsm-urile than to
 333

confirm conceptia materialist and

biologizanta which they practised always.
At that rate isn’t of wonder the apathy
and just the laziness intelectuala average
psychiatrist, forced to profess 20-30 of in
a years the branch with 9 complaints and
10 medicines, styles in which the si the
average frames deveneau speedster”
doctors”. fishy Timp 45 of years, were still
more is dominata thereon oribila” the
elite”.
b. The amplitude and the forms of the
abuse.
The psychiatric consisted of privarea of of
a freedom which were constrained his is
interned on the strength of of a the false
diagnosis, the internment contravening
the interests of the individual and be
doed against vointei this, below the of a
pressure politic authorities, through the
organs of order, in aim of his intimidation
of repression, on behalf of of a
ideologists. All the abuses is and the of a
ill internment without motivatie medicala
in that moment.
Abaft the research of the casuistry of
which I have beneficiat, the investigations
undertaked and the studious documents,
can compose urmatoarea classify the
psychiatric which abuse practices to we:
 334

1. The incident to internments the

politic events had frequented eldest
the si were most noxious, sicanând
and intimidating table of hundreds
of peoples sanatosi or limitrophe,
inclusively able to patients misiune
of years of days. Thus, in the
psychiatric hospital, erau internees
individuals sanatosi or marginal,
but, in all the cases, the common
element the age the possibility of
the use of the occasion aof the
politic event for a demonstration
ostila against the regime. Thus, to
these occasions Securitatea”
sweep” orasele of hundreds of”
mental invalids”, that is of
uncomfortable persons from politic
viewpoints. In this kinds, on short
periods( 5 - 10 days), cohorts of”
patients” erau bringed of the
organs M. I. And deposited to the
territorial hospitals, well pazite and
already supraaglomerate. After
sumarea of politic all event erau
eliberati, some among they just
without a formality writed or an
examination medicala.
Here isn’t the word of a psychiatric
abuse, but of an abuse psychiatric.
The practical impossible age simple
 335

his doctor oppose you of a such

which shares the visa hundreds of
peoples and dispunea of a
premeditation and an organization
conclude, in which just director of
hospitals erau implicati from
professionals. As opposition don’t
only that burn be leaded to
dismissal, but and to the
interpretation the politics of the
gesture.
2. Illegal shares in politic aims to
which persons had a complaint
mintala. From this viewpoint, our
identified urmatoarele categories:
Diagnoses manipulate from politic
reason, referitoare to the must of
hospitalization, such as the
schizophrenia, the paranoia etc. With
how much the symptoms erau the
negative maul, with as much else
clear the age as the the patient” has
no the consciousness his complaint”.
b. The treatment with neuroleptice
or with soc without motivatie
medicala. Now and again, prisoners
from the prisons comuniste or from
the hospitals psychiatric li
administrau şocuri or neuroleptice,
although this thing don’t the
 336

necessary age. A testimony in this

left the deputy Radu Ciuceanu. He
spunea as the age neuroleptizat
without no the medical background.
The treatment applied in like cases
as the the punishment, for he does
on individual the submissive maul
the non-hazardous si for the politic
regime.
C. Sectiile psychiatric good pazite, carry
existau to most many from the
hospitals judetene, but existau and
secure sectii, completely insular, sectii
in which except personal medical the si
oficialii with special regime had these
access sectii fated erau just prisoners
against which practised an psychiatry
abuziva. A such section fiintat and to
Spitalul Gh. Marinescu, below the name
of made ones choice were drived of dr.
Epaminonda Tomorug.
D.Institutii specializate, fated” the special
treatment of bolters. In România had
this sad notoriety Spitalul from Gataia(
base the clinic of the desk from
Timisoara f. Lazarescu), chiefly in the
years ‘50, the hospitals Poiana Mare, P.
Groza, Raducaneni, Balaceanca etc. A
sprockets aparte, nefiind still
elucidated, has it Centrul of Cercetari
 337

Fiziologice from Bucharest, waves s be

experimented with destructurante of
personality.
E. The abuse of agreeable to ill diagnosis.
A number of doctors support as in the
period of the communism practised
false diagnoses saved the patients from
a situations which maul i be it waited.
Is a situations still neclarificata from
the viewpoint of eticii and the medical
moral, chiefly as the in all these oneself
cases the psychiatrist burn be risked
very many.
3. Legislatia as factor of encourage
were also, an important thing. The
legal structures of of the years of
the dictatorship from România erau
thus thought that can facilitate the
psychiatric abuses. Thus, just penal
Codul deschidea doors of
psychiatric politic abuses. Thus, the
items 114, 113 c. P. I am
exemplary in this these senses
items presupuneau the conviction
for delicts of the nature his politics
politic motivate the si, therefore,
asigurau enforce sanctiunilor or
privarilor of freedom, inclusively
privarea of certain laws eliminated
the bolter from the life his politics
damn on he and his these ideation
 338

masuri includeau the compulsory in

a treatment the institution
spitaliceasca or ambulatory forward
or after conviction, interdict of a
practicarii his professions functii
another audience specific laws,
such as the right withdrawal of
drove the car, erau as hard.
Indeed, potentele abusive by-path
încurajate of the laws spectatress to
declararea mental of a incapacity
individual. This thing is extremely
obvious in Legea nr. 3 1978 I carry
permits the sequestration in case of
urgency medicala. Thus, such
imperative medical erau
transformate in imperative of politic
order this si on the background
retinerii on reason of the complaint.
The decree 121965 foresee the
internment for” injuriousness” on the
strength of of a declaratii taked from
his neighbors from the limbs of the
family, without as the his individual
can 3131980 foresee the possibility
of compulsory treatment to of a
alone indicatia psychiatrist, carry can
be easy submissive the pressures of
the authorities. More, in this case the
decree, whole the act of debar from
 339

the freedom individual the age legată

the sanitary organ, while Securitatea
conduct from the shade, this in the
sequel critical bringed Decretului
121965.
A problem delicata referea to the
nature and the duration detentiei in
the unit psychiatric, as per the
orders M. S. 56 1976 And 2611987. I
risk involved consist in the fact as
the the legal procedures, nice and
vague, I lead to retinerea on reason
of health of which persons need the
inclusive treatments mavericks an
another politic appearance the
suspicions l he constituted it such
answer colectiva in the psychiatric
which expertises implicau or don’t a
politic abuses. The age here a
treacherous blend between formal
legal - the glaring si - discretional.
Because the formulation of the
decision apartinea of a committees,
she be contested officially.
But all the committees of the
expertise psychiatric erau formats
from which limbs compulsory
obtinusera the notice Securitatii and
formal the si of Ministerului of
Justitie, what denote the fact as the
 340

the age the word of persons

selectionate and certified politic.
More, the committee of expertiza
wagons last dadea the decision
finalize, have as the perpetual
president on V. Predescu.
4. Declaratii sperjure motivate politic.
A difficult the problem raised when
the diagnosis stabilea on the
strength of of a” marturii” in which
implicau differed official persons the
which si prezentau with propria
them version concerning the facts.
Neexistând which his proofs
dovedeasca the opposite, the
person in question the age
spitalizata except accordance.in
accordance to declaratiile of
repressive organ. Here a very
manner relativa appreciated an ill
psyche. Only that on what day
passes, asemena a label an all age
the hard to maul denied, devenea
of now” event” in the leafs of
observations and therethrough
devenea indubitabila.
5. Ignorarea the psychiatry
contextually the economic misery of
the country. The pauperization
Roumanian did as his psychiatry is
 341

considerata Cenusareasa of the

medicine. The personnel of
attendance from the hospitals
psychiatric the insufficient age
outfaced the big number of
patients, asistentele specializate in
psychiatry erau very barrels, the
social wizards fusesera of many
desfiintati as the functions from the
scheme of personal. Cladirile the
hospitals erau darapanate, the
sanitary non-existent facilitations,
sapunul and the detergents near
impossible of obtained, the food
inadecvata and in amount reduced.
Is difficult his acuzam the psychiatry
of these conditii, of suferintele
determinate of these factors, which
factors of facts represented a some a
mentality a politics. The profanation
of the psychiatry, in conditiile date,
don’t the age an abuse of practicarii
of the an psychiatry, but one of
politic authorities about psychiatric
institutiei.

2. The material remaking studied.

The research detaliata the lot of cases of
which put in evidences urmatoarele
 342

important appearances, which shall them

present them afterwards:
The internment abuziva.
The how much evaluation the maul
exacta number of victims has in itself a
little importance, intolerably be the abuse
in itself, even if I burn be the word and of
an alone individual. Yet, the evaluation
number of victims can permit an overview
about the psychiatric abuse. But a such
enterprise is very hard to doed in
România.
Maugre these adversitati have successful
his contain under consideration our
across 60 of cases, a sufficient number
can demonstrated the utilization the
systematics of the psychiatry in the aims
of communist party.
In respect internments from the special
hospitals( the fiefs of repressive
psychiatry comuniste), as opposition were
totala and the efficiency, reason for which
don’t dispose of yes official. F. D. P. From
judetul delivered all the some a succesion
of date concerning the prisoners politic
internees to Mare, which he appreciated it
to 20 of cases, consisted as soon after
revolutions disappeared therefrom,
without no the form legala, 40 of cases.
Believe as these 60 of patients can us
help form us an idea concerning the
 343

amplitude politic internments, even if the

number is adverted to an alone hospital
from România.
In what priveste the internment on politic
criterii in the hospitals psychiatric
accustomed, is illusive his speram as the
you obtains ever gived incited the how
much these time hospitals, roughly their
majority, am drived of fostii culprits. He
spoke very earnest of an acts of destroy
the folders of intern his bolters of their
reconstruction.
Former step in the politic abuse l he
constituted it the internment abuziva. The
internment supervened in the moment
when came in conflict with the politic
system communist and when securistul
call on his psychiatrist pronunte if this
behavior can be considered as abnormal.
Once this notice the age gived, statute
bolter changed, he becoming ill a mental
whom i can apply masurile of internment
fortata, şocuri, neuroleptice, masuri of
contentie etc.
The behavior bolter to first contact with
personal have a big importance about the
kind how shall be doctored subsequently(
the age gived to agitate, closed or
uncaged, sometimes leaved with
ambulatory treatment.
 344

As a matter of fact, these fate bolters the

more age in the hands of the organs of
repression, but relations with personal of
attendance the age and he important.
In natural way, the cases erau bringed to
psychiatrist in the many maul kinds:
1. The procedure Civila with the
internment directa” clean” for the
papers dissidence which the
psychiatrist transform it in a
phenomenon psihopatologic. In these
situatii can appear urmatoarele
categories:
The bolter Are doing a some a deed,
the age proved, arrested and puted in
hospital, and then subdued of a
psychiatric expertises in order to
confirmed” the complaint psihica”. this
Pentru Securitatea can make an
application formala, but as often as not
bring the bolter to hospital the age the
sufficiency for the psychiatrist which
conformist întelegea what must doed;
The bolter The age Respondent Of
neighbors, relations and just of wife.
The age called Militia, the bolter the
age leaded to the section, waves
ofiterul in charge îsi dadea the notice
and the person the age leaded to the
hospital constrainedly.;
 345

Rapiri from in the street, from the

place of his labor residence, without
capias. The person the age leaded to
the psychiatric hospital without
explicatii the si without consult
medically a previous.
2. The procedure Penala - when the age
arrested for presupposed it a deed of
common law and transfered to
psychiatry for aims” medically”.
3. the procedure wherewith the bolter the
age judged and convict for facts were
rightful, but dumped subsequently
from prison in the hospital of
complaints psyches.
If these methods priveau chiefly first
internment, the subsequent
internments can be doed through”
deterioration his state of health”. many
times actiunea the age described as a
pure act medicala, of these preventie
internments erau chiefly connected
with differently events, when the
bolters erau adunati in such hospitals”
storehouse” of the guy of the hospitals
Cula, Gataia, Zam, Balaceanca etc.
Although throughout folosea the term
of ill dangerous psyche, any among the
studious cases of we don’t framed in
this category, without else speak of the
 346

complete bolters sanatosi. With all

these, on their leafs of observations
erau passed symptoms as the:
Outpourings suicidof, agitation,
delirium etc. The responsibility for all
these facts drops indubitable about
which accepted to gamble this role
against eticii vocationally.
B. The which events caused the
internment.
The common element of these
abusive were acela as the respective
citizens wanted to exercised the
secure laws of Constitutie pacifically(
the law demonstrated the title to the
faith, to politic creed, to petitionare),
but the organs of repression, helping
the aims of the totalitarianism, they
opposed the free exertion the si
pasnice these laws. On the strength
of study accomplished, they can
systematized principofle guys of
justificatory papers of internments.
# Activitati with politic characters.
Constitutia comunista don’t opunea
formal exertion of to citizens politic
activities. Yet, in the practice,
anything activity the politics, with
exceptia conducted celor of to party,
erau interdicted. Here some marvel
 347

ofs motivation the politics

internments: Activities for the right
defence of the man; The of a
formation trade union organizatii or
of a parties hybrids of 3 - 4 limbs;
Verbal his critics in writed to the
address of the politics of communist
party or of a conducatori of party
and state; The criticism right
violation of the workpeople( salaries,
timetables of the labor, voluntary
activities etc; The display of slogans,
tiparirea of manifestoes in which
exprimau critical opinions; The of a
reading his books forbidden reviews
of authorities.
# Cereri insistently emigratory. A lot
of bolters were the internees for
persistent attempts passed the
boundaries and just for insistentele
emigrated also, insistence
penetrated into embassies can to is
considerata a complaint
psychiatrical.
# religious Activitati - of a
practicarea religions else than
silently and in local of lettered the
age convict is as delict( the
propaganda religioasa), he is the age
considered as a phenomenon
 348

psihopatologic - a paranoia. Here

they entered in chief, the limbs have
cultelor baptist, adventiste,
penticostof. Sometimes the
internment can contain an whole
family.
# of a Formularea his memoirs petitii
Can be cataloguized and as the a
complaint psihica. Although the
regime raspundea seldom to
memoirs and petitii, the one with
character poliltic erau immediately
sended which Securitatii, frequently,
folosea and of the weapon of the
psychiatry. The lack of unitive
Securitatea can be an another
reason for the utilization of the
psychiatry. Many times the which
citizens are doingu memoirs erau
several internees days to psychiatry
with the justification as the li is done
a short medical psychiatric check,
this thing be doed intimidated the
submissive cases of psychiatric
abuses from our research were
arestate of Securitate or Militie in
direct way the si in all the cases the
persons erau the of a subject shares
with politic character. A lot of among
one cercetati have else haved of he
 349

did with Militia and Securitatea by a

long chalk the time before first their
contact therewith on this occasion,
fusesera subdued of a long
examinations, sometimes just
torturati. As part as of a used
examinations the si şocurile.
Legislatia on the strength of which
he did the internment were is
Decretul 12, is Decretul 313, but in
most the cases don’t else are doing
the appeal to law, the internment be
doed without no justification legala.
Also, the security folosea the menace
with the internment to psychiatry
caused cooperarea bolter. Of barrels
either the internment he did after his
process after the of a pronunciation
sentinte. In most the cases
Securitatea from the psychiatrist
command the internment bolters.
For psychiatrist, first the which
problem had to rezolvata the age
aceea considered the submissive
bolter right internment a social
danger, a violent individual in
relation with one from swears or with
he takes possesion. This thing only
that the very hard to age proved.
Just here intervenea prove of”
 350

faithfulness” psychiatrist against

party and Securitate. For this reason,
in very many cases folosea
formulate” the patient represents a
risk for the social system”,
incomparably easy thing of asserted.
The bolter arrested pierdea, in the
practice, anything right. As per penal
legislatiei, he have just the title to a
judgement echitabila, which thing in
the practice happened very rare. The
investigators his saddles judecatorul
can prompts now an expertise
psychiatric, but don’t erau obligati to
anunte the prisoner thereon his his
communicate result of the expertise
either the medical recommendations.
The defendant have no to know his
folder the conclusions of penal
investigation. The law had a lawyer
an age frequently eluded in the
practice and anyhow the lawyer don’t
the age becomed of the defendant
from exist obligatia as his lawyer
întâlneasca with the defendant.
C. The length of the period of the
internment.
In the studious cases of we the
length oscillated from cârteva days
to several years. Exist a connections
 351

between ratiunea the politics

internment and this length. Most
multi among bolters were the in
particular internees on short terms,
with the of a occasion events.
Au fond, choose the internment and
his length the age a problem a
tactics for authorities. The utilization
of the psychiatry have the advantage
discretiei and the fact as the the very
age expeditiva. The age puted in
question here don’t except the
victim, but and his ideation”
madmans”. is put only that the
question for one what bolters erau
internees to psychiatry, and altii
rather to prison. Is very hard to
established this ratiunile behavior.
After our opinion, the psychiatric
hospital had to cagily for the bolters
most refractory - example V.
Paraschiv -, carry difficult erau of
submissive his for those which had
politic pure demands. In the of a
place difficult judecati( the bolters as
a matter of fact don’t încalcau
Constitutia), through her psychiatry
erau lichidati summary, without
taken in question their ideation, but
just required their irresponsibility. In
 352

many situatii” the defendant” no

don’t the age sited for such the
process. Risk of a manifestatii to law
court, prezentei reporters straini
don’t the maul exist.
Also, the bolters internees to
psychiatry erau shower in secret
places for family, percent of kiloes,
and with help neurolepticelor the of a
such si” psychotherapies” tried the
washing of these brains of the
individuals.
The bolter psihiatrizat don’t the maul
have no hope, he don’t stia no how
much the maul has state in hospital(
everything depindea of how give up
to his ideation), have no no support,
be interned in same drawing rooms
with ill the psyches periculosi,
therefore in a permanent dangers
round the clock.
Torture through psychiatric
treatment the si şocuri the age
odioasa and unite with the
time.long-time internment erau
menite to challenge the modifications
of personality, frequently with
irreversible character. More, these
internments had and the role of
 353

intimidation about the group from

which the bolter are doing part.
Failure robotizarii bolter the age
imputata psychiatrist, reason for
which, frequently, this are doing the
supererogations, maugre the of a big
danger complicatii.
Ratiunea in a internments hospitals
psychiatric usual constituia chiefly an
of a prezumtia internments the short
maul, when Securitatea appreciate
as just a simple internment burn be
the sufficiency. Also, all in these
hospitals erau treaties the minor
delicts, altercatii with sefii etc.
The fleeting internment practised
chiefly in the years ‘80, this method
nepermitând of a aparitia campaigns
in Occident the si, however, when
this thing appear the bolter the age
long ago freed. All in the hospitals
obisnuie, for shorten the duration are
doingu those internments massively
bolters with the of a occasion politic
events, state visits etc.
D. The place and conditiile of
detention( intern.
If the hospitals psychiatric special
the si they maintained all through
 354

official the appearance of prison, the

psychiatric hospitals accustomed had
the appearances azilar, what in the
practice the age near identical. I
showed previously in what conditii
these functionau hospitals.
In one what urmeaza shall
systematize, on the strength of our
investigation, principofle which
appearances caractereizau the life in
these hospitals in which erau closed
the bolters.
Supraaglomeratia and the absence
conditiilor elementary of the hygiene.
All the hospitals psychiatric(
accustomed or special) erau
overpopulated with how many two ill
in a beds, in drawing rooms of 30 -
40 of beds, with smells pestilentiof,
without sanitary groups
corespunzatoare( sometimes just
with tinete). Viata ill the age as of a
the prisoner. The cold, tântarii, the
humidity, the dampness erau
conditiile accustomed. Iesirea from
actually drawing room on corridor
had to supravegheata of personal.
The foods erau servite frequently in
his drawing rooms insalubrious
dining-rooms, in the crockery
 355

metalica. Frequently a cup servea to

2 - 3 invalids. The absence bathes,
present the hanger-on, afectiunilor
dermatologice the age the rule. The
uniforms of hospitals erau teared
and dirty, cearsafurile schimbau rare
the si erau of quality execrabila.
Hereto else adaugau desele
immobilizations down for most little
bear off the branch enforced of
infirmieri.
Restrictiile and censor consist in a
drastic regime of corespondentei, of
the visits, of the reception of the
parcels, the absence of the leave had
one personal object. Frequently, in
the special hospitals, the doctors
aprobau or don’t the title to the
correspondence. The intellectuals
activities as the cititul, scrisul erau
practise impossibly. Adevarata
censor an age established and any
what happened in hospital don’t had
to to make ones way outside.
Violence against ill, the personnel of
attendance having the practice
autorizatia bound the patients, of
does them soc. The bolters have the
in particular respondent the personal
despotism, the ineligibility and this
 356

recoltarea from the row of the

persons of the bran, prisoners of
common laws, of the sots, of the
psychopathes, fostilor ill psyches.
Sometimes aplicau beatings sadists.
Many times” the prisoners” had
senzatia as this personal entitle of
the life and deadly about their. If
personal medical little statea among
ill, infirmierii stateau practise all
through, forming adevarate clans,
ajutându between they.
As a matter of fact, the doctors and
infirmierii erau loners in what
priveste practicarea violentei; Even if
the doctor don’t lovea, reclamarea
infirmierilor don’t declansat
investigations, the reason be
invariable - ill the excited age. Very
frecvently the punishments consist
and from cresterea of the doses of
neuroleptice or practicarea of şocuri.
Mentinerea of a branch of iron the in
particular age the feature of special
hospitals, waves the aim seem to is
dezumanizarea the patients, with the
extermination in they every free
thoughts, every constiinte politic.
The moral pressures the si the
attempts of made sure politic
 357

exercitau in permanences in the

special hospitals. Adeseori like
shares had as the covering sitting of
psychotherapy. Among principofle
psychological shares notam:
The isolation Aberanta in special his
hospitals in drawing rooms of agitate
under lock and key. Hereto added
the interdiction of the visits, the
animosities among psychiatrists and
the ill families etc.;
Absences Every pathes of his
protective petitions legala, censor,
the permanent check about prisoner,
the check relationship loin with alti
patients. In the psychiatric personal
official hospital have no no obligation
legala caused to succeeds the
complaints of the patients to a
prosecutor, and the complaints of the
families don’t erau noted;
The hospitalization
The age On the duration
nedeterminata, nor a bolter know a
quotient shall abide at a hospital,
merely the renunciation to dissidence
the age an argument obtained a
liberation. Not even to one încadrati
in his decrees 12313 don’t li
 358

respected the law were examinaţi to

6 monthes.
The promiscuity connected with the
blend of persons of ages, degrees of
the different culture, the blend with
ill real psyches. After externare the
patient the age” dispensarizat”,
subdued of now don’t except the
supervision Securitatii, but and the
sanitary territorial organs,
neuroleptizat ambulatory. For this
reason, the stated bolter” ill the
psyche” can be anytime rapit of
home or from in the street, without
another formalities on” base the case
histories” loin.
E. The diagnosis.

The Roumanian psychiatrists

approached the special literature
westerna the si they instructed
merely after the handbooks
psychiatric from the country, all
editate of tartorii of totalitarian
psychiatry of the si after
programmatic indicatii” of his
director of the teacher. From these
reason, the psychiatric diagnosis in
became adevarata a farce simplista
and an easy of carried out.
 359

Spuneam hereinbefore as the

became diciplina with 9 complaints
and 9 medicines. Here these
diagnoses, just as they were they
taked over and entered through
ukase, list which the age on table
oricarui psychiatrist, inclusively with
the necessary code statistical
remaking:
Code 1. States psihotice structurally
senile the si presenile
2102. Schizophrenic psychoses
2113. Affective psychoses
2124. Alcoholic psychoses
2135. Disturbances nevrotice
214. 0 6. Disturbances Of personality
214. 1 7. The alcoholism
2158. Dependency Of drug
2169. Delay another mintala
21710 mental disturbances
219.
Looseness of the marks of diagnoses and
the ofatory way of the practice appear as
which factors faciliteaza of a imixiunea
criterii extraprofesionof in special
ideological. An example: The
preoccupation oficialitatilor masked the
alcoholism soldier with the of a invention
formulations diagnoses( exactly how
Ministerul Sanatatii ascundea the cholera
 360

below titulatura of the complaint

diareica). Cu exceptia the cases of
delirium tremens or of the psychosis
etilica, nor alta a form of pathology
connected with the alcohol don’t else
consign. Is a typical example of
transgresare the psyche and of
established precocious the treatment. In
same conditii they found out and the
diagnoses of complaisances puted with
the aim of the breaks of the task. To we
don’t forget, only that, the decision his
protection neprotejarii of the invalid
through euphemistic diagnosis remains
constantly to dispozitia psychiatrist,
whom i s be seted or, possibly, just
validate a power discretionala. Cann’t
ignore the middles, explanation and the
benefit, according as cann’t ignore the
fact as the a psychiatric diagnosis
superflu can become the proof in actually
justice against the beneficiary( an which
diagnosis permitea break of the task can
subsequently to is a proof temeinica of
divorce.
Strange pole in this context declaratiile
audience of his M. Lazarescu, how as the
in the clinic and the psychiatric system
from Timisoara, of which raspundea he, I
burn be inhered in temporally the
communist regime zeci of the si zeci of
 361

cases of bolters” proteges” through

diagnoses of complaisances puted of his,
these composing there adevarata”
academy” - some îsi are doingu the
doctorate, altii are doingu researches
stiintifice - adevarata” Socola Rosie”
drived of Lazaresacu. But how he gets off
on his affirmationsle M. L. Carry
conduced to the promotion of the idea as
the, in România, in psychiatry don’t
existau bolters abusive internees, when
now he says as have zeci of bolters on
which protect it with diagnoses of
complaisances by reason of his soul so
good. But what I burn can say about one
100 of miners internees to Zam just
wherethrough they had the complaint of
the strike”. naturally, M. L. Apply the
theory leninista adevarului relative:”
What he is true for one he is untrue for
other” - clean the logic profesorala.
Is put therefore, from ethical viewpoint,
the question: In what measure a
psychiatrist îsi can use” can medicala”
and in what measure, believing as he
recovers, exercise as a matter of fact
adevarata can medically? We appointed
this all philanthropy abuse and false, that
is the lack of the medical ethics. Can
medicala don’t is us falled across the
society did from she a dictatorship. Is
 362

clear as the through all these asistam as

a matter of fact to an exit from the frame
of the system of reference of these
psychiatry practices falsified diagnoses
became subsequently contagious, for
what is permited his M. L. Îsi can permit
any another psychiatrist.
But the fictitious diagnosis puted for
superannuation, interrupts of the task
etc., With ignorarea criteriilor medically,
juridical sanctionat tacitly of to power,
therethrough only that any alta situation
the clinic becoming were mistificata.
Thus, he practised indistinctia among
psychiatry and psihiatrie and in the last
resort the proliferation omnipotentei and
liberului of a arbitrator which doctors
through appointement them, chiefly
aceea the politics, can elude the ethical
norms the si binds generally. Therefore,
wherefore don’t any kind of law? Merely
in this can the malignant abuse. But the
little his big abuses by-pathes congenere,
interconditioneaza and faciliteaza
reciprocal, in matca aceleiasi professional
immoralities.
Suprainvestirea with dictatorial powers
the si discretionof of a false personalities
were determinata of of a whole agenezia
ethical systems. As opposed to another
medical specialties - waves rationamentul
 363

ethical the si the decision deontologica

alternate rationamentul and the decision
profesionala -,. in the Roumanian
psychiatry totalitara, the vagueness and
unsubstantial of the conceptual bore
don’t of barrels either to aberations. The
judgement the ethics and the decision
deontologica what burn be due to
reported to a kind of norms - validate
long ago in the democratic countries -
they found out aprioric in vacuum,
without another elements of references
than one of” marelui brother from east”,
remaining the stranger for destui
specialist feather and the settlements
from 1973 of Asociatiei Mondiof Medicilor.
Old studies of of psychiatric abuse from
Rusia certified the utilization in chief the
diagnosis of” schizophrenia aparenţă” in
the case bolters. This thing potrivea and
from the reason as the outside their
these majority bolters erau middle-aged
men in order to put this diagnosis don’t
the age necessity of of a presence clear
symptoms, just as e the case in the
schizophrenia accustomed( autism,
bizarre behavior, present halucinatiilor or
delirious ideation). according to describe
his Snejnevski( the ideologist of
psychiatric abuse in S.U.), the individual
therewith the even healthy complaint.
 364

The pathologic behavior demonstrated

through” aberations” such as the notion
of importanţă, the notion of his
grandiosity the reform. For this reason,
spunea the ideologist, a schizophrenia
aparenţă be depistata than of
psychiatrists experimentati. The entity on
which the western psychiatrists
recognized never and were baptized with
the term of - sovietofrenie became the
current diagnosis for the bolters politics.
Gradually, only that, this the aberrant
suffered a detrition a moral. The
psychiatry” the sister” cubaneza, for
instance, the age much more, using
diagnoses as the the delirium of fight for
right his man apathy for socialism. In
many cases, in Cuba, nor don’t else
consider necessary established a
diagnosis, the abuse be practical
recognized officially.
In România, on the strength of study
experientei soviet the si rejecting and a
recognition cinstita of guy cuban, were
psihiatrizat. Thus, to first internments,
the diagnosis oscillate between
psychopathy( 65) and schizophrenia( 35),
and termenii of paranoid his paranoid
veneau to color the diagnosis.
Is interesting as the, although the
statistics show a big difference
 365

concerning the manner in which the

psychiatrists put the diagnoses, in
respects bolters the poftte the very age
limitata, executionersi întelegându perfect
between they in this area( paranoid
schizophrenia, delirium systematized
nehalucinator or parafrenie). Adoptând
formulate his Ceausescu, as in România
except mad I opposed the socialism,
executionersi indigene transposed this
indication as part as of a context
nosologic limited. The treatment applied
have no generally touch with the
complaint.
Charm. The abuse of therapy electro.
Exist the which psychiatrists the maul
recognize a certain value electrosocului in
the therapy psychiatric. In the countries
civilizate is done with anaesthesia and
below miorelaxante, warned complicatiile.
I done six new - sedinte, about two -
three on week.
The dictatorships from all the world
adopted this the technique for the
tantalization bolters. As part as
electrosocului( ES) the individual is puted
in a state of vital stress, an which
situation simuleaza the menace the
imminence life.
On the lot studied of we, ES he used as
the method represiva with aim
 366

vindicatory and he accomplished merely

in the manner fortata. Adeseori he did
just in of a absence doctor. They did
between three and twenty of ES, and the
diagnosis had no role of selection. No the
bolters and no their families were
întrebati. Don’t he did no notations
looking at large ES” the patient” the age
deforced of to two - three individuals,
adeseori succeeding alti patients,
sometimes just in his urine the
excrements celor dinainte. Existed no
protections, as often as not don’t li punea
in the mouth the nought, reason for
which multi the crushed si his teeth the si
they bit the language. Also, ES don’t he
did always in the region of the head,
frequently on another parts of the body,
and sometimes erau fortati to asiste to
sedintele of ES of altor persons.
G. The abuse of neuroleptice.

All the bolters from our lot entitled to

choose the doctor, carry,
sequence.in-sequence or, have no no
the debt of decline the identity. No
the patient and no the family don’t
had no a hold over of the a guy of
treatment applied. Of habit, foloseau
very strong medicines( haldol,
clorpromazina, trifluoperazina,
 367

majeptilul). these Desi medicines

used in specific ways except for
certain complaints, the bolters le
primeau indeterminately. Thus of
treatments had only that effects
noxious seconds, such as scaderea of
arterial tension, sanguine
modifications the si phenomena
extrapiramidof feather to of a
aparitia adevarate complaints
parkinsoniene. To bolters the
partnership of which his medicines
struggles these effects the age as
often as not forgeted. Adeseori the
justification utilization of medicines
are doing just were concordantly
with” the diagnosis” carry stabilea
3. The right violation of the patients.

Although the bolters erau internees to

psychiatry in differed, the common
element represent it tendita of exercise
those elementary freedoms knowed
below the rightful name man. The age
the in particular word of expressions
writed or oral, of critical opinions
concerning governmental practices,
petitii against authorities, participations
to manifestatii neagreate officially,
appurtenance to unofficial groups,
 368

participations to religious outpourings,

persistent attempts emigrated
attempts passed illegally the frontier.
In many situatii, the bolters fusesera
always avertizati previously, and the
fact as the the bolter don’t recunostea
as the ails the age through” his
absence of consciousness complaint.
For the past two centuries, the world
were due to accepts, gradually, as the
patients from the hospitals psychiatric
have some laws and as the they must
feriti of certain abuses. Thus the
compulsory were subdued of a severe
restrictii, he emphasized right the
patients to the individualization of the
treatment, the law were doctored
accordingly and in a the period
rezonabila of time, the title to a
surrounding acceptable environment,
the title to a standard of the hygiene,
the law refused treatment an which
person doctor it, refused an
experiments, the law were doctored of
qualified persons, the title to security in
hospital.
Very barrels among these honourable
laws to we in the period comunista.
 369

The treatment, just as I showed don’t

the proper age the si the age applied
abusive, the drawing rooms were
described as adevarate prisons in which
practised the violence, as much from
personal, quotient and from of a ill real
psyches. The treatment be refused,
and for this reason he appear more as
the a punishment. The psychiatric
internments are doingu abusive in the
frame of our lot, and afirmatia is can
based on the arguments enumerate
hereinafter.
A succesion of bolters( V. Paraschiv, dr.
The cup) were examinaţi in Occident
the si were gasiti sanatosi.
Absence of the papers of violences of
bolters, recognized of Securitate.
Sometimes whole table of peoples erau
stated as the afflicted with psychic
complaints - example after the strike of
the miners from 1977 - or, the
impossible age the si credibil as the a
table of hundreds of peoples, a
professional his groups îmbolnaveasca
psychiatric spontaneous.
The expertises medico psychiatric
superficial erau the si inadecvate.
These rezumau, frequently, to some
 370

questions, everything having a pain in

the just some minutes, thereto the
committee decidea the ill fate. The
diagnoses stabileau on the strength of
of a subjective still more selected
notatii after one from his penal folder”
composed of Securitate.
Situatia ambiguously personal which
lucreaza to in a psychiatry system
centralized state, reason for which he
can be used-up of the organs of still
more state becomed of Securitate,
carry doreste to întareasca the politic
check about populatiei. The
psychiatrists from the committees of
the expertise erau selectionati of to the
repressive organs after criteriile of
loyalty and of obedienta against they.
Never the bolter choose a psychiatrist
in these official committees. Very
frecvently the psychiatrists from the
committees of the expertise îsi
ascundau the name against bolter.
Alike the hidden age the diagnosis and
the decision on which luau concerning
the ill fate.
4. The abuse As the the form of the
torture.
In I agree with the community
internationala, torture is definita as a
 371

papers of challenge of a suferinte his

physical psyche in deliberate way, with
the aim obtinerii of informatii or
confesiuni punished the individual for a
papers of or or blackmailed treia a
these person shares were doed of
public his operations of another which
persons actioneaza in functions oficiala.
Certified the phenomenon of the
torture, standed am due to gambles a
role in the toleration and these
encouragement practices. Don’t the
sadism tortionarului, but the fact as the
this is done the machinery controlata
state, punished or killed on bolter, is
important.
Did the torture with şocuri or were
below communist an acts dirijata of to
states. Exist some criterii caused if a
papers can be defined as torture( after
Amnisty International.
The severity Of physical abuse of the si
of the psyche;
the fact as the the papers is deliberate;
The implication Stood the deliberation
of the papers.
Thus, the use excesiva ES is a form of
the which used frequent torture. In this
 372

contexts enter and the misapplication

neurolepticelor.
Niciunul from the of a true right the
patients honourable: Standards of the
hygiene, the law refused his treatment
the which person administraza,
garantarea security etc. The bolters
erau amestecati with ill the real
psyches, and branch assured through
beating, ES, overdoses of neuroleptice,
contentie, limit ones the visits.
Considering these shares as the the
torture, Amnisty International
argumenteaza this thing on the
strength of urmatoarelor criterii:
1. The victims Erau internee below double
responsibility of medical organs of the
si of security.
2. Executionersi had all through the
physical check about the victims.
3. The victim The age Subdued
suferintelor the appearance and the
psyche.
4. The process Victimizarii the deliberate
age, systematically and the age in fact,
the aim activity.
5. The aim Victimizarii” therapeutically”
don’t the age diminished a suffering,
but of obtained an information,
 373

confesiune, the humiliation and the

destruction life, personality, causing his
bolter renunte to the fight.
6. The psychiatric process don’t the by-
pathes except for the chastisement of
the victim, but also frightened on alti
bolters forciblei thus to renunte to their
politic convictions.
7. Standed participate directly or indirect
to the organization of which torture
shall be in progress in a state
institutions, staged of to doctors wage
earner stood and of to agents of
security stood the communist.
Suming up, can say as the politic abuse
from visaed in România urmatoarele
categories of bolters:
The bolters Without antecedent
psychiatric, presented signs of the
complaint psihica, but which they had the
insanity” criticized publicly the regime.
ES, contentia, neurolepticele in this
context constituted a punishment for
their activity the politics;

One the guy of bolters, carry have no the

public criticisms the regime, but they
disturbed the power on line
administrativa, to different niveluri. Their
internment he did in aim of
 374

demoralization and înfricosare, avoided a

trial;
The bolters Sanatosi, but neînfricati in
their activity the politics, internees in the
aim were pedepsiti, avoided a process
and a protest campaign in Occident;
Bolters Nevrozati of persecutiile whereat
were submissive, presenting just easy
disturbances unburnable si be required
the internment. The internment and the
abusive treatment s be doed in aim of
intimidation;
Persons With disturbances real psyches,
but with the theme the politics and
undesirable outpourings( politic religious
delirium, of the reform sociala etc.), But
which frequently erau internees from
ratiuni nemedicof in order to don’t
demonstrated in audiences, chiefly in of a
prejma still more selected events in order
to don’t become these contagiosi abuses,
just as is shall see hereinafter, they did
through internments fortate, with his
without justification medicala, the
persons be bringed of his Securitate of
the medical organs.
In depistarea of the casuistry whereat
shall us refer us, role l he had it Comisia
for Cercetarea Abuzurilor in Psihiatrie
from Bucharest, drived of S. Diacicov.
After his dismissal the si the appointment
 375

of to Mincu of the teacher Ionescu, like

cases, suddenly,” they have no else
existed”. Din 200 of cases on the
committee Diacicov he researched them,
60 they were psychiatric abuses. The
committees judetiene is as no don’t they
constituted, is as they were conducted of
fostii executioners the si, naturally, they
had cases of reportedly.
/////
 376

ANEXA
The presentation of studious casuistry.
Present afterwards the studious cases the
si puted new to disposal. Don’t you give
the ill name, but just some initiof in order
to don’t brings these a new peoples
sufferings, their state be mistaken
interpretata. Is grievous as the nobody
from the organization psychiatric trecuta
present don’t he helped us, with exceptia
of the labor state of dr. Diacicov, I carry
and he took seriously the mission of
ethical reestablishment of the psychiatry,
and dr. I carry he put us at command the
casuistry. No an official document, leafs
of observations, registre of internments
don’t ni they put at command,
throughout I were bruscati and insultati.
Le multumim, therefore, with gratitude of
the doctor Diacicov and Retezeanu, carry
they helped us, and also president P. L.
R., Dr. I carry encouraged us, he gave us
material personal out in did, the
prerequisite for demarches as the dl. Pofr
to accept as one from his his works
prezinte Cuvânt forward” of our work. Of
the doctor Marian Popa îi also, for he put
 377

us at command all the official documents

which le detinea P. L. R.
Tuturor le multumim.
We present afterwards the cases on the
strength of carora undertook our study:
1. M. C., From Craiova. In 1986 he does
affirmations dusmanoase to the
address of socialist regime and his
social structures. Îsi pavozeaza the
desk with pictures, mean and which
slogans” vin the aim institutiei”. is
disposed the internment in Spitalul nr.
3 From Craiova, for the expertise and
the settlement of the degree of
discernment. From date sended of the
organs of the investigation result as
and in 1975, while accomplish the
military had, an attitude socialistă.
I stabileste the diagnosis of delirious
paranoid syndrome. To the
psychological examination is drawn the
conclusion as the presents a
development interpretativa a
personality appearance paranoiac. After
shorten it an internment is externat
from you else come back never. The
committee Diacicov stabileste as the
the individual is health.bed in poor
health mentally and as such must
rehabilitated.
 378

2. T., From Bucharest, carpenter. In 1962,

as part as of a sedinte of party and
exprimat nemultumirea relate.related
to the hard-working salaries, carry” I
don’t arrive no for food”. Este beated to
the party and investigated of two which
securisti say it as is hostile of people. I
însceneaza a public process for the
propaganda antianti, antianti the si
against collectivization, be insulted and
exposed workmanlike you make angry.
After a month is an erect the si leaded
to Securitate for a declaration, thereto
he is supervised permanent, isn’t
leaved to assist in manifestatiile of 1
the maul and 23 August, he is always
beated to the party secretary.
In 1965 don’t the maul can support
and prompt Securitatii to is leted alone
either arrested. Pursuant, he is erect
forcedly and interned to Spitalul Gh.
Marinescu from Bucharest with the
diagnosis the delirium sensitiv of
relation. After this internment is
repetitively erect, without i else give
vreo the explanation. In 1974 he is
interned with the diagnosis
compensare affective psihotica, in 1978
of property psihopatoida job, in 1979 of
property hipertimica atipica, in 1982
with the paranoid psychosis. I done
 379

şocuri, is neuroleptizat feather when îsi

blacks out. In the period among
internments, is is urmarit of Securitate,
is is called always of to the medical
organs check. The committee Diacicov
declare it healthy.
3. T. M., From worked, as teacher to
Vaslui the si then muzeograf. In 1971,
be the student to read, as part as of a
sedinte T. A material C in which the
lettered criticism his personality
Ceausescu the si” aparitia of a new
bourgeoes of parties and state”. he
proposed to is excluded from T. C. And
from faculty and the age amenintat
with the prison. Received, just” vote of
censure”, and to were distributed in a
village from Vaslui, maugre his
excellent classification.
In 1973, after a conflict with some
mates, these the advertising to C. C. Of
P. C. R. As he propagandizes religioasa
in the school and has demonstrate
hostile the party. In 1974, to 3
monthes from the begining military
probation, is interned forcedly to the
military hospital, waves i is put the
diagnosis of discordant syndrome,
although to that hospital, therefore,
don’t exist no adept in psychiatry.
 380

Pursuant to this abusive internments,

directs his Ceausescu, soliciting
anchetarea of the abuse savârsit about
his. In 1974 he is flushed out of
Învatamânt, on reason as the I burn be
transmited the pupils ideation and
knowledges as opposed to the ideology
of the party. In 1975 he deposits to C.
C. A memorial concerning all
persecutiile were submissive, but
pursuant to this fact, is erect the si
internee to Socola from Iasi, waves i is
put the diagnosis of the psychosis the
disagreement. In 1986 he is beated to
procuratura tară on reason as the burn
be minimized the activity revolutionara
from youth tovarasului Nicolae
Ceausescu and is interned to Spitalul
Craiova with delirious syndrome, but
don’t primeste no a treatment.
After revolution flunks out from job(
1991), abaft of a the conflict with
director museum in which work,
wherethrough I burn be taked away an
icon. After the investigation
procuraturii reenlisted. The committee
Diacicov declare it were and health.bes
in poor health mental.
4. P. Worked. As brick-layer to Brasov,
currently he is the pensioner. Took the
 381

sprocket against of a existing

informalities to C. P., Waves a part from
the harvest the age furata and and
sended of a conducatori from county. Is
beated to militia judeteana,
investigated, beated and interned to
psychiatry, to the hospital from
Târnaveni, with the diagnosis of
reaction depresiva with paranoid
elements. To externare specified on the
ticket of externare had a proper
behavior from i they applied
prevederele Decretului 12. Yet, in 1975
he is interned constrained to Spitalul
Gh. Marinescu from of property
Bucharest depresiva activa of intensity
nevrotica. He is then sicanat
permanently and beholden presented
periodic to checks. The committee
investigatory the abuses puts the
diagnosis of healthy.
5. D. F., From Botosani, without worked.
To baza as the unskilled. On 21
October 1980 i is unbinded the contract
of the labor, entering into the conflict
with the which management have a
behavior abuziva. You be always
dismissed and reenlisted. Pursuant to
reclamatiilor doed, is composed a
committee of the investigation,
consisted the illegalities reclamate, but
 382

masurile are taken all against his. On

18 August 1988 contacteaza Ambasada
Ungariei from Bucharest the si solicit
the emigration in R. F. G. On reason as
the he is jobless. Îsi confectioneaza
and a slogan on which scria” am
jobless in România”. Este immediately
arrested of to four militiamans and
interned to Spitalul Gh. Marinescu. I is
put the diagnosis of the paranoia, be
submissive of a treatment with şocuri
the si neuroleptice. The treatments i
are doingu forcedly and after they
simtea very bad. After externare don’t
you else does the respondents, but he
lives with the impression as the he is
destroied. And he is stated healthy of
to committee.
6. T. I., From were the colonel M. Ap. In
1968, nefiind all right noul system of
were, flushed out of the row frames of
the army. To short time, is interned
forcedly to Spitalul Militar Central with
the diagnosis of state psihipatoida with
glossarial compensări the interferential
si etanolice. In 1984 he is internat to
same hospital with the diagnosis of
syndrome psihoorganic glossarial. In
his summer 1984 is arrested for”
shares against tovarasului Nicolae
Ceausescu” and s be writed on his
 383

folder” to is executed”, but then

trippery he the internment to
psychiatry, first to Pucioasa, then to
Spitalul Gh. Marinescu and were were.
And retired two the committee Diacicov
declare it healthy.
7. S. C., From worked. As photographer
and electrician. Were arrested for the
attempt of pass the frontier in The
Jugoslavia, but he is interned in
Spitalul Gh. Marinescu, waves i is put
the diagnosis of paranoid
schizophrenia. For 10 years don’t else
can to I hired anywhere, were obliged
his I changed numerous places of the
labor. Concurs as the internment of
now 30 years l he rescued from it
prison, but doreste the rehabilitation.
The committee declare it healthy.
8. T. C., From Miercurea Ciuc, bookkeeper.
In 1968, through financial checks
which le entered into, the conflicts with
the organs of parties and
administrative. Be a right man the si
baring papers of sufficed it to, has
multi he hates. In 1973, after I consult
tritely for a sick-leave, is sended
abovestairs the policlinic, waves,
toward his surprise, i given a papers
from which result as is retired the
degree two he goes to the hospital
 384

from Miercurea Ciuc argued with the

which signed the decision, but he shall
consisted as don’t else he can to leave
from hospital. I is put the diagnosis of
paranoid schizophrenia. Tried to
struggle this diagnosis through
voluntary internments doed to
hospitals from different localities, don’t
reuseste. No the memoirs to Ceausescu
the si no the path juridica don’t give
results. In 1978 they try and to
Bucharest, but without unprosperously.
From these reason shall support all
umilintele feather revolution. The
committee Diacicov declare it healthy
the psyche.
9. C. E., Engineer physicist, be pensioned
off the degree two from 1988, from
Bucharest. In August 1981, pursuant to
aggravation situatiei economically from
the country and below influence protest
motions from Polonia, as well as abaft
the arrest of the father Calciu-
dumitreasa, C. Tried. To organized a
democratic party with urmatorul
program: Choose the president through
universal vote the secret si, the
freedom the politics, system partid, the
freedom religioasa, the title to the
strike, iesirea României from the pact
from Varsovia. Contacteaza the many
 385

maul persons and has a partial

success.
In 1982 he writes an item to gazeta of
wall institutiei, in indicative the difficult
state populatiei. In 1982, to a sitting of
party, prompts as the limbs of his
parties is correct informati about
situatiei were. Interrupted and booed
of a group. After two days is arrested
and interrogated, but with all middles
of the torture don’t disclose the nought
about the party înfiintat, were
confronted with two which mates
aderasera to were.
Led to the prison Securitatii from in a
Bucharest the cell with an which
individual batea all through. And to
were beaten, chiefly of to boss of of the
cell, were submissive the sexual
perversions. Feeling as don’t else he
can shouted, as he shall say
everything. Were transfered to the
prison security, were interrogated all
through, beated and subdued the
sexual perversions. Arrived again to
continued to is doctored alike. In this
fell to has halucinatii and, abaft
psychiatric examination, i is put the
diagnosis of reaction psihogena with
outpourings of intensity psihotica.
 386

He is freed on 10 the June 1982. After

had lengthened periods sleeplessness
and they reappeared it halucinatiile, for
which reinterneaza. I is unbinded the
contract of the labor, and the mates li
is said did the espionages. At that rate,
he accepts the superannuation
medicala. Although the abusive
internee, the complaint declansat after
the strong stress caused from security,
were guilty. The committee l stated
healthy the psyche currently.
10. V. I., From were, the conductor
sleeping car. In 1985 he ignited it the
waggon, which waggon are doing part
from the special park of his ceausescu.
Is done the investigation and is
dismissed. The party secretary does
the denunciation as V. I burn it be
inflamed the waggon, reason for which
is backward as the unskilled. Adreseaza
the organs of parties. Is sat for Circa 3
Militie received an answers, but he is
restrained the si sended to Spitalul
Cula. I is put the diagnosis of impulsive
psychopathy with interferential toxic.
In 1989, of Ziua did, a petition to C.
Which dorea to hand out it his
personnel Ceausescu. Is forbidden of
Militie, carry tears it the memorial and
 387

interneaza forcedly to Spitalul Cula, on

reason as the” in persistent rows
disturb linistea of the tenantry, be
aggressive the si as the of the many
maul either and he materialized in the
zone Salii Palatului, be addicted to
violent startings against the organs of
Militie, this be dangerous the si for the
audience stradal, ailing the psyche”. La
Cula stand 22 of days with psychopathy
impulsiva. All in 1989 is internat, abaft
of a the conflict with an on duty mate
wanted to beat. The internments
continued and after 1989 on demand
to. Try for vechiul place of the labor to
CFR, but don’t reuseste.
11. V. F., From Oradea, graduate of
Facultatii of Filozofie the si of
Academiei Militare. Dispatched on
addressed Congresului of Ix-lea of P. C.
R. A letter with” contained slanderous
the si with invectives to address C. C.
And his Ceausescu, slandering the
politics intern and stood deforming the
reality economica and sociala from the
country, prompting the delegates from
his congress takes attitude against the
secretaire.” With the occasion
perchezitiei to residence i gaseste a
copy a letter and altele, with same
hostile content, but which don’t
 388

fusesera expediate. Is the defendant

of” the propaganda against the socialist
regime” of to procuratura tară from
Oradea. In 1971 he is taked out from
under pursuit penala and interned to
psychiatry, in Oradea, then transfered
to Bucharest, waves is holded 10
monthes and then dumped below the
escort to Cluj, with the diagnosis of
syndrome depresiv paranoid. From 34
of were were, retired can were flushed
out of the life sociala. Internat after
revolution and expertized of
committee, is stated healthy.
12. T. E., Of 60 of years, from Cluj,
medical attendances. Asista to a
conflict among director of the
enterprise and sotul they, whom last i
is unbinded the contract of the labor.
Sotul adreseaza justitiei, she be in this
frame co. Gradually, through the
introduction in folder a succesion of
libels, is inculpata and then acuzata
commited penal grave facts, antisocial
facts the si libels to the address local
authorities the central si. Is arestata
and internata to Spitalul psychiatric
from Cluj, in 1974. He is expertizata
and i is put the diagnosis of paranoid
delirium systematized. Ahead this fact
go out on strike the hunger, but i
 389

applied the precautions art. 114 C. P.,

With compulsory internment. In 1975
he is internata to Bucharest the si
reexpertizata, stabilindu diagnostiucul
of reaction interpretativa on the of a
background developments disarmonice
personality of guy paranoiac. I applied
masurile of compliant safety art. 113 C.
P. Continue to do memoirs to M. Radio,
TV, but without no result. In 1976 he is
reexpertizata to Timisoara, and in 1978
to Cluj, with the diagnosis of paranoid
delirium systematized, stand depresiva
interpretativa, reaction the persistence.
Contest as much the diagnosis,
quotient and masurile of safety. In
1981 gain last process, is taked out
from under incidence art. 113 C. P., But
address don’t you succeed than after
revolution. Reexpertizata after 1989,
he is declarata sanatoasa.
13. V. Gh., Be the teacher, currently
pensioner. Were restrained of to
Securitate the si the investigation for
the propaganda against the socialist
regime. Is transfered to Spitalul
Vacaresti, pursuant to entrance in the
hunger-strike.
Were doomed of to Tribunalul all Militar
for the propaganda against the socialist
regime, but he is sended to Spitalul
 390

Voila, waves primeste the diagnosis of

psychopathy paranoica, with states of
citaţie of guys maniacal, be taked out
on this the base from under urmarirea
penala. In 1971 he is interned all
constrained to Urlati, and in 1974 i
applied the precautions art. 114 C. P
and then 113 c. P. Feather in 1980. In
1980, after a strike a hunger, is
internat constrained to Voila the si the
county in evidence feather in December
1988. Of mentionat as the, abaft
perchezitiilor doed, i they confiscated
literary works( writed below the
pseudonym Zapada). Dupa revolution
is reexamined from else consisted the
disturbances the psyches.
14. C. From Bucharest. Wanting to
work in R. F. Trippery G Consiliului of
his Stat i is permited the departure.
Neprimind answered, writes a
memorial in which is wept as, while
conducatorul walked, he has no his
possibility work abroad. Pursuant, on
30 August 1972, he is erect of Circa 1
Militie and beared directly to Spitalul
psychiatric Balaceanca. Is expertized
and i is put the diagnosis of the
paranoid psychosis. I is done
externarea with conditia of don’t else
 391

come in Bucharest. Already to job i

desfacuse the contract of the labor. In
October 1974 he is internat of Militie to
Spitalul Socola, waves i changed the
diagnosis in syndrome nevrotic
residual, with compensări depresive.
About ones better half I duned in order
to divorta, because I burn be a
parricide. After revolution, prompts
recunoasterea of the seniority and the
right banesti. The committee Diacicov
declare it healthy mental.
15. S. V., Statistician from Bucharest.
In 1982, while the age in sick-leave, i
is unbinded the contract of the labor.
Try audiente, memoirs, but cann’t solve
the noughts. In 1983, desperately of
the indefiniteness situatiei, he comes
out ahead his masinii Ceausescu. Is
arrested, then freed and received in
audience to C. C., Thereto he is
reenlisted in another sector of activity,
what nemultumeste. In 1984 he goes
out of again ahead his masinii
Ceausescu for hand out a letter, in
same the problem. Is again arrested
and freed. After two days is only that
erect from residence and leaded to
Spitalul Gh. Marinescu. Have no
psychiatric case histories. On 30
August 1984 he is expertized of
 392

Institutul Medico-legal with the

diagnosis of personality accentuata of
guy hipertim, cverulent, revendicativ
and înainteaza Policlinicii Titan with a
folder. On 16 November he is bringed
back of Militie to Spitalul Gh. Marinescu
wherethrough” he presents gravely
disturbances of behaviors, in the
likeness of shares revendicative”. Dupa
8 days is externat with the previous
diagnosis. In 1987 he is again interned
constrained, but is maintained vechiul
diagnosis. In all internments received
no treatments. The committee Diacicov
gaseste and what wonder the psyche.
16. S. Economist from Bucharest.
Were urmarit of Securitate for the
propaganda religioasa, be interned
constrained to Spitalul Gh. Marinescu
and retired with the diagnosis of
paranoid schizophrenia. The
established diagnosis on the strength
of make sure the religious his the si
pursuant to his shares homiletic the
religion. For 8 trippery years the law
worked were systematic refused of
psychiatrists, refuzându pensionarea.
To Policlinica were amenintat as but
that înceteaza with the propaganda
religioasa shall be interned definitively
to Balaceanca. He addressed
 393

Institutului of Expertiza Capacitatii of

Munca can worked, but, toward his
wonder, now have the paranoia. In all
his demarches for a place of the labor i
the answer as the incited the how
much time shall do” the propaganda
religioasa” you be considered ill the
psyche, although he stated as the the
religion is the creed his life. After
revolution consisted of to committee as
the health.bed in poor health.
17. S. Gh. From Pitesti. His blind
father be, sent the anonym( from
1957) his Gheorghiu Dej, in which
cerea the abolition of the kolkhozs.
Grasping the danger, S. Gh. He leaves
away from homemade the si, in 1962,
he arrives the chief of desk to a
scaffold of extraction. Because his
father fusese in between arrested, this
thing arrives at the knowledge job of
frames and he shall be doctored as
enemy of people”, be backward in
order to don’t else have no answer.
Opens the act in justice, but as the
result is leaded to an which psychiatrist
puts it the diagnosis of the neurosis
astenica with paranoid elements.
Justitia don’t give the satisfactions, so
that he shall indict and these organs.
In 1964 trezeste be pensioned off
 394

medical with the diagnosis of the

paranoid psychosis, but refuse the
pension. Noul director, carry the age
and limb in district Comitetul 1988 a
committee Spitalului Gh. Marinescu
formuleaza a new diagnosis,
psychopathy polimorfa in the stage of
hello remisie. I is recommended the
repetition activity. After revolution shall
be stated healthy, but the string
chicanery and the administrative
abuses shall continue and currently.
18. R. Developer from Bucharest.
Having a child with congenital
disturbances, don’t else desirable his
he has and alti offspring, reason for
which internee to psychiatry. In ‘83 and
‘84 is internata to sectia psychiatry
Spitalului Tulghes, then to L. S. M.
Titan, with the diagnosis depresie
anxioasa, background dizarmonic and,
hereupon, you can do legally interrupt
of the task. But from 1984 he is
internata constrained, reason for which
has two attempts suicidal. After
revolution, tremulously of a new
internments fortate, he does
demarches contested the diagnoses
puted. The committee Diacicov
apreciaza his state of health and the
 395

fact as the diagnosticlele previously

were of complaisance.
19. B. P. From Dâmbovita, pensioner,
be the officer. In 1965, be the officer
Tg. Jiu, he knows it, with the occasion
of electoral campaign, on marine tov,
director of the factory of confectii the
candid si for choices. The which
enlisted-mans took the floor insisted on
comes into being in incinta unit a kiosk
of foods. B. Took the floor. Showing as
marine tov I don’t were a competent
candidate, numindu mannequin, carry
he don’t knows came ahead ofgatorilor
enlisted-mans. After three days is
beated to Bucharest and puted to do a
report concerning the incident. To the
return in unit is excluded from UTC,
situation incompatibila with
appointement of officer, reason for
which is past in hand. Urmeaza a
period in which does memoirs to the
organs in laws, but don’t primeste no
an answers. In despair of the cause
adreseaza of a embassies straine
-anglia, Franta, RFG - and just
american Bibliotecii. As a matter of
fact, nor a memorial don’t arrives at a
destination, they be deposited on file or
from Securitate. For 20 of years is
care-worn in a administrative
 396

labyrinthes. Îsi gain drudgingly be, is

marginalizat and persecuted. In April
1977, be the wage earner to a trust of
constructii from Craiova, is arrested
without without excurse, beated cruelly
and interned to Spitalul psychiatric
from Slatina. Here, the doctor i. D.
Says it sincere as the has obligatia of
be pensioned off, thereto he he is due
to paraseasca Slatina. While i stabilea
the diagnosis of noi, to job i desare
doing the contract of the labor,
retrospectively, although the decision
don’t i the communication. Doed l they
walked it through many hospitals
psychiatric in the period 1977-1986.
Persecutiile continued and to his
residence, waves in December 1979 is
beaten of plutonierul Manea, carry
interdicts it to else paraseasca the
village. I taken the marks and must to
sign a commitment as the don’t you
else writes memoirs from is shall else
addressed altor foruri. In 1987 he
arrives at Spitalul Gh. Marinescu,
waves boss of the clinic insists on it
renunte to his shares contestatare, this
thing i brings it many trouble. If I burn
contest the diagnoses, he s puts to
dispozitia Securitatii and mijloacelor
his. Maked sure of these explicatii, he
 397

shall give up to all shares

revendicative. After revolution is sat for
the committee Diacicov and consisted
as don’t ails the psyche.
20. B. Be it officer from Cluj. In 1962
he is flushed out of the army borrowed
military of a particular apparels, for a
shows. Lucreaza then in the many
maul places. Dându the expense of
multele injustices from the society
comunista, he falls to writes memoirs
in which expose on one guilty,
competenţi, expose the abuses. This
thing becomes with as much else
dangerous with how much in this circle
appear persons from his actually
management from the nomenclature(
the actually a prime advertising of
party). these Din reason is always
dismissed, demoted and in the last
resort arrested, înscenându a process.
Denies acuzatiile and go out on strike
the hunger. The convictions cumulate
totalized 30 of years of prison, from
accomplished 23 of years, without is
kept against his criminal papers,
outwards the civil insubordination and
reclamatiilor. Against the informalities
from penitentiaries, protesteaza always
through the hunger-strike, but he is
systematic tortured - i done injectii his
 398

wagons challenges the ache, is

drowned in afloat hot etc.
Odiseea psychiatric begins from 1976,
when he becomes clearly as the the
classic methods of repression cann’t to
intimidate. On 5 March 1976 find out
were retired medical with the diagnosis
of paranoid delirium systematized.
Refuse and the superannuation, and
the diagnosis. Urmeaza a period of
internments on all the channel
gulagului psychiatric: The hospital P.
Groza, Poiana Mare, Jilava, Gherla,
Poarta Alba were. Framed in art. 114
C. P. And then passed in 113 c. P. After
revolution is stated healthy mental.
21. G. B., Unskilled worker from
Bucharest. In 1977 he is submissive of
a juridical successive convictions for
antisocial behaviors the si perseverarea
in this behavior. In 1987 i reproseaza
as the, in align with alti young man,
savârsit infractiunea of” spreading
without of a print fated were used as
the informal middle publish”, as well
as” raspândirea of material obscene”,
procurance of magnetic bands, video
boxes, publicatii with mystic character,
which reprographic obscurantist to
xerox and dactilo. Also, acuzatia the
 399

maul requires as” urmarit satisfy

aberationslor sexually with typical of a
outpourings personalities dizarmonice,
with obsessional preoccupations in
problems of sexuality”. Pe 23 the June
1989 is again arrested for spreading of
material obscene.
In order to suspended these activities
and grevă the organs of security of
responsibility, on 4 August 1989, G. B.
Is framed in art. 114 C. P., Through
sentence Tribunalului sect. 1
Bucharest, resorted fiindu rejected. On
8 August 1989 he is interned to the
hospital of the penitentiary Jilava with
the developmental paranoid diagnosis
personality with elements obsesivo,
psychopathy schizoida, and on 15
August is done a new the expertise
with same diagnosis. Directing to the
case histories infractionof, the
committee consider as” high he
presents a big degree of injuriousness,
fact for which apreciaza as the
discernamântul is irretrievable in report
with the deed for which is researched
and is recommended the adhibition
masurilor medically, foreseed in art.
114 C. P”. in the sequel, he is flushed
out of the detention and sended to
Spitalul Poiana Mare, whence, after
 400

revolution, is imperative externat( on

30 December 1989) Din the accounts
of the doctor curant, in the course
internment, the behavior were perfect
adapted situatiei received just a
minimum treatment( with exceptia ES
in the beginning). Diagnosticul puted of
committee don’t confirmed and after
revolution is stated healthy.
22. C. V., Pensioner, be the camera-
man chemist in Braila. In 1975 he is
the electioneering defendant against
the socialist regime, abaft of a
memorial sended his Ceausescu, in
which cerea P. C. R. To don’t else I
interfuse the works of the syndicates.
Through orderlies military Procuraturii
Bucharest is învinuit drew up and
dispatched postal two letters of the
management of party, conceived in the
manner created the impression as the
expressed the of a opinion the group
from Uzina Progresul. Burn else be
doed slanderous affirmations the
hostile si to the address of social
current regime, looking certain
economic appearances, of medical
attendances and sociala, letters uttered
and which menaces vizau the
management superioara of party and
 401

includea the idea of this substitution.

Alta a letter semnata” Fratii were”
puted in a letter-box on 26 the maul
1975, înscrisul be anonymous the si
without addressee. In the course
urmaririi penal, dovedeste as C. V. Is
the author letter. I is done the search
and is researched to the center
Securitatii from Braila. Be prompted”
hid the armament”, C. V. Answers as in
kitchen has a cannon disjointed. This
the assertion doed fun.in fun leads to
his internment abusively, on 16
December 1975, to psychiatric Spitalul
from Braila, with the diagnosis of
psychopathy polimorfa, predominantly
exploziva, paranoica, with frequent
compensări, confirmed diagnosis of the
expertise i. M. L. Braila. The ticket of
were free of the doctor D. M. From
Policlinica Braila, without as the macar
respectivul to be seed his patient as
the this his be former in evidentele of
the policlinic. Although he is retired for
the sciatica, i anuleaza this
superannuation and i is done alta with
psychiatric diagnosis. After this the
procedure is leaded to Judecatoria
Braila and judged of urgency, aplicându
masurile of safety, and through orderly
Securitatii must presented lunar to
 402

psychiatry for check. In March 1976 C.

V. Prompts the cancellation
superannuation for can take again the
activity, but prompt is it respinsa,
contestatiile doed to Ministerul Muncii
be useless. He is beated to Securitatea
from Braila, waves i is said as but that
astâmpara shall be” keeped away from
don’t you else lost] nobody”. beholden
his Este sign a commitment and
amenintat with his evacuation and the
family from apartment.
After tried to clarified situatia, were
borne from an institution to alta, the
committee of the expertise locala
declinându the committee investigatory
the abuses declare it only that natural
the psyches.
23. C. I., Pensionara, be the
statistician, from Bucharest. On 2
October 1975, temporally of a
audiente( connected with an on duty
problem) to first secretary of sector 5
Bucharest, tov. Ganea Nicolae, is
determinata of grosolania this to retort.
The party secretary, nefiind
accustomed to support like affronts,
avenged compeled the management of
the enterprise which work to dismiss it.
Nefiind membra of party, is convened a
 403

sitting whereat a first secretary sends

activista an wagons preseaza and
obtains a dismissal. Through situatiei in
which found out, C. He has it an
attempt suicidal and thus he arrives at
psychiatry. Here he gave his disposal
externata without the first approval
secretary, reason for stood internata 21
of days. After 3 after day externare, is
ridicata abusive from residence of to
Militie the si internata forcedly to
Balaceanca, alike waves of abusive is
subdued of a expertises. Toward her
surprise, the doctors reject the
compulsory internment. In the period
1975 - 1979 don’t else he has
problems with the psychiatry, although
without voia they the age the dress in
evidence. To residence faults in
conflicts with sectoristul, bad a payer
from her block of flats. Is sicanata of
Militie, i taken the marks on reasons as
the” they commited crimes in
neighborhoods”, the name fiindu
delivered of the policlinic psychiatric.
All without without excurse, in 1986, in
her block of flats is presented an
assistance sociala from the policlinic
teritoriala wagons prompts the
neighbors referinte about she, but he
don’t obtains negative declaratii. On 3
 404

the June 1989, on the strength of of a

the paper of the doctor of the policlinic,
is ridicata abusive from residence and
internata to Spitalul Gh. Marinescu,
waves the committee rejects the
compulsory internment. Is presented
with the decision to the doctor of the
policlinic, and this, ahead her,
telefoneaza the doctor from hospital
supporting in insubstantial way as the
the woman burn be agitated. After
revolution is declarata mental
sanatoasa.
24. C. I., Medical pensioner, be the
engineer electronician. For he recovers
were due to, protested against
aberrant conditiile of overturn the
values, but all his criticisms were
respinse. He is dismissed abusively,
erect of Securitate the submissive of a
si psychiatric compulsory treatment the
unendurable si thus, in persistent rows,
the militiamans internau in Spitalul Gh.
Marinescu or Cula with the diagnosis of
paranoid schizophrenia. In 1981, on
the strength of of a address Policlinicii
Titan and his examination C. G., Which
don’t l he saw it never, i stabileste
abusive the diagnosis of paranoid
schizophrenia the si is concluded as is a
social danger, aplicându foresee the
 405

decree 313. Abaft this the fact, is erect

from in the street and interned to
Spitalul Gh. Marinescu, totalizing many
abusive internments. And he is stated
healthy of the committee Diacicov.
25. D. V., Electronician from
Bucharest. Enter into the conflict with
Securitatea for a succesion of
affirmations with politic character,
totalitar. In a succesion of letters
adresate Securitatii he criticize the
management superioara of party and
were. Erect with capias and i he did the
folder to procuratura tară. In the period
1979 were in persistent rows convened
to Securitate, and through continuation
politic activity is interned in Spitalul
psychiatric from were. Excluded from
faculty and marginalizat, isolated
social. After externarea from Spitalul
were, urmarit permanently of
Securitate, inclusively through
technical middles. In odă lungii loin
were submissive of a permanent fell to,
consumed became, depresiv,
vulnerably, pozitia him sociala he
deteriorated. Examined of to the
committee of abuses is stated natural
psyches.
26. D. P., Pensioners, be the
bookkeepers to Craiova. In 1948 he
 406

does disadvantageous affirmations of

communist regime, be arrested, which
thing repeated and in 1950. Goed out
of the arrest, show the mates the
traces, the bruises and another signs of
the torture. In 1957 he hides a former
comrade of in great demand front of
Securitate, be closed therefor feather
in 1961. In 1965 he does a memorial
prompting a departure finalize from the
country and writes a memorial in which
the insult the cabinet and the organs of
parties. Is interned forcedly in Spitalul
psychiatric Craiova in 1966 the
submissive of a si psychiatric
expertises, waves i stabileste the
diagnosis of the paranoia. After the
adhibition of the decree 12, the
internments are followed each other to
Podari, and in 1970 he is transfered to
Spitalul Poiana Mare, waves is interned
as per of a decisions military
Tribunalului Timisoara. In all this the
period D. P. Continue to do negative
appreciations about the regime. In
1973 he is arrested without the fault as
the be involved in a the crime, and in
1976 he is the defendant of testimony
the inventress. The internments are
followed each other of each the date to
Spitalul Poiana Mare and Podari. After
 407

revolution and he is stated healthy

mental.
27. F. Be the engineman, currently
pensioner, from Bucharest. Between
1949 worked to Ambasada Albania( the
ones better half the age Albanian
citizen). În 1960, alterându relations
with The Albania, is the defendant as
the in statia Ciorogârla burn be depasit
the stop-light of the locomotive. After
this frame i is unbinded the contract of
the labor. Falls to does demarches for
repararea injustice. Is invited to
Spitalul Gh. Marinescu, waves in ways
unsuspectedly is retired medical with
the diagnosis of reaction interpretativa
on background dizarmonic. Expertized
after 1989, consisted as he don’t
presents the disturbances the psyches.
28. G. I., Pensioners, be the teachers
in were. Arrested of to Securitate on 14
the July 1970 pentu the fault were
writed and prevofnt minstrelsy with
anti-government character.
I they confiscated the manuscripts,
typewriters and the books. Is interned
to Spitalul Gh. Marinescu and then
sended to Balaceanca.
29. G. Gh., Presided of the school,
currently pensioner, from were. The
 408

secretary P. S. D. In Tg. German, had

of faced numerous înscenari the
actually si an attempt of murder. In
1989 former devastata the house were
roughed, while the which delinquents
the si they acknowledged the corn
were eliberati to interventia of the
party secretary from Tg. German. Abaft
numerous the respondents were,
interned to Spitalul psychiatric from
Piatra Neamt, waves i he established
the diagnosis of the paranoia.
Temporally Congresului Partidului, from
noiembrie1989, is again interned
forcedly, with the diagnosis of the
paranoia. All the internments were
unjustified the si outwards binds. After
1989 he is stated healthy psyche.
30. G. Be it expert in commodities,
now pensioner, from Bistrita Nasaud.
Refugee from Basarabia, is advised to
is taken down in party in order to
expeled in URSS. In 1952 he is
excluded from party and flushed out of
the army on reason as the is fleed
URSS. Does many attempts were
readmited in the labor and reuseste
hardly in 1968, but to short time is
dumped with a less salary from 1970
he falls to does the respondents,
reasons for which shall be persecuted.
 409

In 1972 he is again dismissed, and

then evacuated from house. Does
afterwards the respondents and he
prompts and the departure from the
country. In this context, on 29 the July
1976, is erect of Militie the si
constrained internee in Spitalul
psychiatric from Bistrita with the
recommendation of i applied Decretul
1265. I is put the diagnosis of
glossarial syndrome reagent, but
refused the integration in decree.
Procuratura don’t multumeste and
decides the internment fortata in the
clinic from Cluj for a new the expertise,
nor yet this time don’t i applied
Decretul 12. After externare, ofiterul
which security supravegheaza menace
it as, if he shall else he does memoirs,
you be away on boundaries with The
Jugoslavia and shooted down,
motivându wanted to continued. To is
supervised. Either of cîte either venea
Ceausescu in the visit to Bistrita, he
the age internee forcedly in the
hospital of psihitrie. After revolution is
rehabilitated and stated healthy the
psyche.
31. M. L., Be the engineer, currently
pensioner, from fell to. Is persecuted
from 1969, pursuant to corespondentei
 410

on themes stiintifice with a faculty from

Franta. In 1970, pursuant to of a
conflict with boss of or from Fundulea,
is moved disciplinary to Mogosoaia.
Notice as he is urmarit of Securitate,
wherethrough in 1974, to interventia
fostului chief, to is interned constrained
to Spitalul Gh. Marinescu with the
diagnosis of reaction psihogena
paranoid. In the leaf of observation
exist a ticket of which dispatch don’t is
known arrived there, the patient
nefiind examinee of the policlinic. In
January 1975 he is retired medical,
although he don’t trippery this thing. In
1976 consisted as one of the his works
appears to the committee of
homologate Ministerului Agriculturii,
but he has as the author just on
director persecutor. Although solicit to
is geted back in job, i is said as places.
In the period 1977-1979 is in
ostentatious way urmarit, i done
differently înscenari( is the defendant
of robbery, of relatii with strainii,
possession of pornographic
photographers). În this the period does
8 memoirs to C. C., And as a sign of in
protest he gives back the book of
party. In 1982 he surprises to his
residence agents of what security
 411

patrunsesera with of a help double

quays. Also, in the of a course surgical
interventii fancies as the doctor voia to
kill( this fusese the doctor to the prison
Vacaresti). Pentru don’t else be
considered delirious, înceteaza else
does memoirs. After revolutions,
Comisia Diacicov reabiliteaza,
health.bing in poor health the psyches.
32. M. S., Be the workwoman on sof,
currently pensionara, from Bucharest.
Were arestata and condamnata for the
crime of rises the treason. In detention
is molestata, beated. Also, sotul must
to divorteze of she in the period
detentiei, and the former children
were. Internata of some either in the
psychiatric hospital. After were
declarata sanatoasa.
33. J. I., Engineer from Colibasi,
transfered to graduated. With the
diploma honorable the faculty in URSS.
Confronted hardly the Roumanian
industry, with the technology învechita.
He proposes a succesion of masuri his
wagons stimulate the technical
progress the si becomes just the of a
subject which praises i brought into the
press. In 1970 - 1971 is put the
problem collectivization of montane
zones. Be from Rucar, îsi realize as a
 412

such measures shall lead to saracirea

and disparitia of the village pap. Also,
is opposed of a project of
systematization hidroenergetica
Dâmbovitei approved of Ceausescu,
carry burn be leaded to the destruction
of the zone. Proposes he takes
possesion an which plan burn be saved
the region. Is beated to C. S. T., To the
cabinet 2, waves talk to an advisers.
100 Of years, if the society shall evolve
just as speram”. Este externat across
two monthes, but i is prompted a
declarations in which his show as don’t
shall else make angry” the organs”.
Reîntors to job, consisted as he is
transfered to alta enterprise. Is
permanently supervised of Securitate, i
is interdicted to assisted in his
additions organized meetings, and with
the occasion of his visit Ceausescu in
enterprise is insular the si
////////////
Isolated and pazit. His ones better half is
always advised to divorteze of he because
burn be a social danger. Assist in
revolutia from 1989 the si is selected
president of F. S. On the manufactory. Is
anuntat as can be readmited to vechiul or
place of the labor, Uzina Republica. And
he is stated healthy the psyche.
 413

34. E., Pensioner, from Bucharest.

Protested the demolition locuintei,
denying to I moved from the house.
And exprimat nemultumirea afront
numerous authorities addressed his
Ceausescu - which teach it a brother of
the a dictator, carry work to Casa
Scânteii -, letter in which relate about
the difficult life taranilor and
workpeople. Subsequently, be all
dissatisfied, solicit a passport
emigrated but all the letters they
added on file his from Securitate. On
31 October 1974 he is erect of two
ofiteri of security and interned
constrained to Spitalul Gh. Marinescu,
with the occasion of his visit Brejnev in
România. In the leaf of observation
noteaza as the does the unjustified
respondents. After revolutions, the
committee Diacicov consisted as
health.bes in poor health mental.
35. M. I., Teacher, from Mangalia.
After an internment and a
superannuation medicala, reluându the
activity enter into the conflict with the
management school and, hereupon, he
does a succesion of memoirs on which
le adreseaza of the review” Flacara”. În
1989, abaft of a conflicts, is internata
forcedly, on demand directrix school
 414

and entered in the decree 313, then

internata in Spitalul psychiatric Palazu
Mare. After revolution is reabilitata as
be normala psyche.
36. C., Farmhand from Bucharest,
currently pensioner. In 1956 he is the
defendant iniquitously of the crime and
for the fact as the burn be wanted to
unweaves Cap-ul. Is closed to Vacaresti
the si the expertise to Spitalul Gh.
Marinescu with the diagnosis of
paranoid schizophrenia. You stand five
in a years hospitals psychiatric. In
1962 he is externat and shall work as
the postal new factor years, then
doorkeepers to Hotelul Ambasador 15
years, whence he is retired. After
revolution apreciaza as the health.bes
in poor health mental.
37. C. V., Be the officer of security,
from Ocna Mures. Were the defendant
of treason( titoist), judged, freed,
throwed out from the army. Abaft of a
memorial to C. C., Primeste a service of
mechanic, but, soliciting a transfer, this
i is rejected and he shall teach the
book of party. After a year is excluded
from party and i is unbinded the
contract of the labor in order to don’t
else be framed anywhere. He comes to
Bucharest in order to addressed C. C.
 415

But he is restrained to Militie three

days, dumped then to Securitate the si
then interned to Spitalul psychiatric of
prison Vacaresti, waves is expertized
and diagnosed with paranoid
schizophrenia. Is borne the maul then
through the many maul last
penitentiaries be one from Sighet. Does
the hunger-strike and is shifted to
Spitalul psychiatric from Sighet, waves
is stated irresponsible, and his brother
is hight guardian. Although he does
contestatie, don’t i raised interdictia. Is
stated healthy of Comisia investigatory
the abuses.
38. P. V., Workers, from Ploiesti. In
1968 he writes a memorial his address
Ceausescu, but tried to in a citeasca
addition of party. After finish of readed,
îsi deposits the book of party. On 29
the June 1969, with the occasion of his
visit Nixon, is erect of militiamans and
interned abusive to Spitalul Urlati. Here
he does the hunger-strike prompting as
the state his organs is well-informed of
this abuse. He insists on respected
what afirmase in a Ceausescu speech:”
A man leaved a job is due to is positive
as shall get home”. Dupa five after day
hunger, whereat else aderasera four
persons, i is done externarea without
 416

tickets of exits and without diagnosis.

Deposits a complaint against this
abusive but the law court deny to takes
it in consideration. Consisted as in five
one were pontat to job.
Two intern fortata he did to Spitalul
Voila -1976. Previously internment, P.
V. Trimisese a letter to The Europe
Libera prompting marirea salaries
fostilor limbs have the social-democrat
which were included in P. C. R. To
search i found the another si copies of
of a like letters with one sended to
radio, in which îsi express the
conviction as the the communist
regime shall drop. Is expertized
forcedly, closed in a drawing room with
gratii, but don’t primeste no a
treatment, nor attention. To externare i
is put the diagnosis of the paranoia,
and director of the hospital says it as”
is grappled the windmills.
In April 1977 he is in order to treia
oara interned forcedly, Spitalul Sapoca,
which describes it as on a hells. Is
arrested while try to call on the writer
of the objector P. The gumma. Just to
door of this block of flats is grasped,
beated cruelly, be always prompted
signed his letter Goma. Deny to sign
 417

declaratia of retract semnaturii. Is

internat to Sapoca, to agitate, and then
transfered to alcoholic. For 45 of days i
are done big doses of neuroleptice and
ES. In the period his internment to
Sapoca is bringed there and M., From
Ploiesti, carry ceruse to emigrate, as
and P. C., Today emigrated in The
Canada. After externare is called of
Tribunalul from Ploiesti in order to
established in what hospital shall be
interned. The security ceruse Spitalul
Calinesti-prahova, but the law court
decides to is leaved below ambulatory
check, his ones better half be obligata
to guardian.
Alta intern has it to Voila had a
development dramatica presented an in
a previous chapter.
V. P. - knowed the politic bolter in the
country and foreigh countries, înfiintat
a free syndicate. In 1976 successful his
he goes on Occident, and in liked Paris
a press-conference in talked about the
utilization of the psychiatry in politic
aims in România. Appeofd to, the hard-
working freedom of organized in
syndicates. To return i refused the
entrance in the country, but pursuant
to the protests is geted back. I he
 418

changed the place of the labor and

were retired constrained. As much to
Paris, quotient and in the country( after
were) examined and found as the be
perfect healthy mental.
39. P. F., Civil engineer, from Cluj. In
1983 writes it his Gorbaciov letters in
which show it difficult situatia from the
country. Also, he sends critical memoirs
to ministries and trace is destituit from
function. Does a memorial to Elena
Ceausescu, in indicative the negative
appearances from constructii, criticize
the megalomania from this area. Falls
to is urmarit of to Securitate, chiefly as
the he continue to write his memoirs
Ceausescu. In this contexts, in 1986 he
is erect from job and i is put in his
sight exposes all friends wherethrough
else” you be desfiintat” unite with
whole family. Is decided to feigned a
complaint mintala, reason for which
stages an attempt suicidal, be interned
to psychiatry. A doctor( D. S.) Learns it
how to feign better the complaint
psihica, reason for stood 93 of days in
hospitals were helped to be pensioned
off with the diagnosis of depresie
melancolica, with glossarial elements
on involute backgrounds. After
 419

revolutions interneaza in order to is

decided as don’t ailed the psyches.
40. V. D. S., Pensioners, be the
waiters, from Bucharest. Just after the
completion military probation, wrote
his memoirs Ceausescu.
While Ana Muresanu visit his shop the
si îi the address one critical groundless,
V. D. Had. The boldness of yes out of
shop. Immediately he is visited of of
which security commit ones to it yes
declaratii relate.related to one of the
colleges saddles, be the politic prisoner,
carry were killed in conditii took.
Then touch withes an which groups
tiparea manifestoes anticomuniste. The
ones better half, convinced of
secretarial of insisted, besides V. D. S.
To I interned, reason for which, on
ones own initiative, he has several
internments to psychiatry.
In 1984 he is only that erect, with the
rescue, from in the street and interned
compulsorily to Spitalul Gh. Marinescu.
After externare has a chat with tov.
Carolica, former the secretary of sector
3 and, abaft of a violent verbal, loveste
on this in head with a folder. Leaves,
but he don’t arrives overshoot. He is
taked from in the street of three
 420

individuals, haved a shade of the

bestial ways the si i is done the search
to residence. Then he is internat
forcedly to same hospital, waves is
neuroleptizat massively( i
administreaza a blends of 14 phials of
neuroleptice simultaneously) and he is
holded in a state permanence of
received. Constrained and ES. Abaft
beatings primite, is it squat the nose,
subsequently on that place appearing
epitelom. I applied the precautions of
the decree 313, although he don’t
knows to be former expertise ever. He
consisted as the leaf of observation
were înlocuita with alta, having an
another diagnosis and another writed.
After such history, the state of the
patient decompenseaza, yearly be due
to does the internments. The current
diagnosis is of personality dizarmonica,
but he feels grievously all what he
happened, all the brutality were
doctored doing from he a customer of a
hospitals took. The part activated to
revolution, and on 13 were frightful
beaten of miners. Currently he is
retired medical the si is presented
periodic to the psychiatric hospital, on
ones own initiative.
 421

41. T., Doctor the neurologist, from

Bucharest, the of a big granddaughter
politic personalities from pasts. Has the
ill-lucks lived near Sala Palatului. The
father were the quaestor of police were
the politic prisoner for 15 years. In
1976 he does a memorial to C. C.,
Prompting moral damages for the years
of detentions. Singurul answered to
were the arrest his daughter, T., And
her internment to Spitalul Balaceanca.
I let oneself go after two days, but the
father shall do a shock and shall
remain an all disabled the life.
In 1982 his T. I însceneaza a process
for the evacuation locuintei, but in
1984 gain the process. On 15
November 1984, before the congress of
the party, is ridicata and internata to
Spitalul Cula. In 1985 an old, in way
neîndemânatec and provovator, raises
hell it in the street, frame planed of
sectorist. To some days, on the
strength of of a the ticket writed by
hand of sectorist, is again internata to
Cula, whence he is externata to short
time.
Treia intern is doed with the occasion of
his visit Gorbaciov in România, in 1987,
and he is beared again to Cula.
 422

Însotitorul said the doctor:” In the

moment in which Gorbaciov shall put
the foot on the scof aircraft, she can be
eliberata”. i he put an imaginary
diagnosis of to an which doctor îi
fusese fellow students. Subsequently,
this îsi motivate the deed:” Did in order
to he don’t misses the bread.
And were declarata normala the
psyche.
42. S. M., Engineman, from Rosiorii
of Vede. To the age of 15 years listen
to the easy music the si the comments
from The Europe full of enthusiasm
Libera, in 1969 he writes this job of
radio two letters in which spunea as
the the philosophy marxista is a fib,
and the communist party burn be
identical with one Nazi. To short time,
is called to give a declaration
connected with an of a robbery books.
The age as a matter of fact a proof
grafologica. He is investigated to
Securitate the si tortured. Recognizes
verdantly one writed, reason for which
one of the securisti says:” This boy
don’t health.bes in poor health to
head”. Este sended immediately to
psychiatry and he don’t is opposed, nor
don’t stia what signification has. To
 423

Spitalul Gh. Marinescu i is done an

examination a summary. Is judged for
infractiunea of plot against security of
the state, be cataloguized as social
danger. Resorted is it rejected. The
established diagnosis of committee is
of paranoid schizophrenia. Is
immediate leaded to Spitalul
Balaceanca, interned in a special
pavilion, with a bailey, place of the
barbed wire and guards. Lives with ill
psyches periculosi, chiefly epileptic.
All here found out and a group of which
students demonstrasera against the
regime in 1968. I is done constrained
the cure with neurolepticre and ES.
Because he is the respondent as the
the si in hospital listen to The Europe
Libera, the doctor E. C. Command to is
moved immediately to the drawing
room of chronicle, is incident to bed
and i done neuroleptice. In 1971 i
suspended masurile of safety and is
externat with the recommendation
must to do the treatment ambulatoiriu.
Through this internments, B. M. Don’t
else can follow the singing high school
whereat inhof. Does a school of turners
and then becomes the engineman. All
through he is urmarit of security, and
with the of a occasion politic events is
 424

sended with the locomotive to distant

big. The committee Diacicov declare it
healthy the psyche.
43. M. V., Repairman, from
Bucharest. Raspândeste demonstrate
anticomuniste in the monthes April still
more 1989. He is grasped and beared
directly to psychiatry, expertized to
Spitalul Gh. Marinescu, waves i is put
the diagnosis of paranoid
schizophrenia. In August 1989 he is
interned to Spitalul Poiana Mare on the
strength of enter the loin in art. 114 C.
P. Suddenly. To some monthes from
revolutions, is freed without no
explanations. Is stated healthy mental.
44. I. M., Workers, from Bucharest.
In 1969 he goes out of Piata Obor with
cardă which scria” Jos Ceausescu”.
erect Este, leaded to Militie and
therefrom direct to Spitalul Gh.
Marinescu, waves director of the
hospital writes” special case” and” you
be maintained in hospital”. Pe address
Militiei specified just the lockout
circulatiei. I is done quick the expertise
and i put the diagnosis of paranoid
schizophrenia, be framed in art. 114 C.
P., Then sended to the hospital Poiana
Mare. After revolution and he is freed
 425

without explicatii, and the committee

healthy mental gaseste.
45. T., Carpenter, from Bucharest. In
1962, as part as of a sedinte, îsi
express nemultumirea against
remuneration. Is beated to the party,
investigated of Securitate the stated si
the enemy of people. I însceneaza a
process for the propaganda
anticomunista, antisovietica and
against collectivization. After a month
of investigations and cakes, is interned
to Spitalul Gh. Marinescu with the
diagnosis of delirium senzitiv of
relation. I applied foresee Decretului
12. After externare is always urmarit of
Securitate the erect si constantly with
the of a occasion politic events. After
revolutions is stated healthy.
46. G. T., Carpenters, from
Bucharest. With the occasion of his
visit Brejnev, from 1976, he is interned
forcedly to Spitalul Gh. Marinescu from
Bucharest wherethrough intends to
come out ahead the management of
party and state handed out a letter. Is
freed after some days without his
diagnoses tickets of externare.
47. F. F., Plutonier of militias, from
Bucharest. In 1985 adreseaza C. C.
The many maul letters wherewith
 426

arrests the superior management of

party and state about nemultumirilor
the si of the drawbacks, as well as
about mentation populatiei( interrupt
electric curent, famishment, cold etc).
În 1986 although don’t else trimisese
letters, is arrested 10 the days on the
false reason as the don’t the si he
carried out the on duty tasks.
Coercively and intimidation, i is taken a
declaration in arrest, carry as a matter
of fact is it dictata and in which
recognizes brought gravely insults of
the management of party and state. He
is submissive daily to examinations and
he is beaten bestial. The family is it
filata and cercetata. Although he is
military, he leaved to report superior
saddles situatia in which found out.
After 10 after day he is interned
constrained to Spitalul Militar Central,
sectia psychiatry, but to externare
don’t i înmâneaza nor a papers. On 23
the July 1986 is past in hand printr
false report the si on the same day is
excluded from party. Immediately i is
brought to knowledge as the is retired
medical. In urmatorii three years is
always subdued the medical expertises,
find out were diagnosed with
 427

schizophrenia, but he is permanently

urmarit of Securitate.
After 1989, although he is stated
healthy psyche, cann’t regulate situatia
from can be rehabilitated on line
administrativa. I is said as don’t exist
vacant jobs pregatirii loin.
48. S. I., From Bucharest, lives near
Sala Palatului. On 8 February 1989 he
sees a militiaman brutalizing a citizen,
don’t is can abstained and thrown a jar
in the street. After some hours, is he
an which militiaman leads to it Circa 3
militia. After a research of some hours,
in the course night is away direct to
Spitalul Cula. Here he is holded a
month, neuroleptizat massif, don’t the
maul knows what is with he, he is
dumbfounded. I let oneself go without
diagnosis and without ticket of
externare.
49. T. D., From Bucharest. In 1971
înfiinteaza Partidul Socialist Tehnocrat.
The party is dissolved in 1975, when he
is arrested, and a part among the limbs
of the party am the internees to
psychiatry. T. D. Is the defendant as
the, be the bartender, sells with the
absence to gramaj. Is holded a year to
the center Securitatii, from str. Rahova,
 428

and to two monthes from liberation is

rearestat, presented of a law court,
waves find out as has the diagnosis of
the paranoia. Boss of inexistent
committees of the expertise, Dr. T.,
Explain it thus the diagnosis:” That is
îti doresti the job of president of
României”. La two after day process is
leaded to Spitalul Poiana Mare( on
whose frontispiece scria Spital TBC),
waves întâlneste and alti bolters
politics. The hospital the circumfluent
age with the barbed wire of three
meters heights, the guards had woody
walking-sticks with the fit heads of
fork. One among doctors - dr. L -
spunea:” They, the maul boys, what to
do if he ate you the bottom and wanted
to schimbati the world? Such, who
knows when his come out here? And of
changed don’t is shall changed never
nothing”. În 1978 is freed, but cann’t
he lost]s the place of the labor. Arrives
all the some to ITB, waves reuseste to
promote just in a the labor of
responsibility. In 1984 he poetizes
against the regime, which i le gaseste
Securitatea. Is away and to psychiatry,
waves i is put the diagnosis tensional
dizarmonica personality, of the guy
personality paranoiace. Don’t the maul
 429

is sended in the system gulagului

psychiatric, but he is doomed to 4
years prison, be all through insular in a
the cell.
50. E., Worker, from Bucharest. In
1979, to 21 of years, adhere to S. L. M.
R. - a clandestine organized syndicates
of V. Paraschiv and dr. The cup. Is
immediate deforced and interned three
saptamâni to Spitalul Cula. Here i done
big doses of neuroleptice with effects
sedatives and grievous. He is externat
without his diagnosis ticket of
externare. Is urmarit all through of to
Securitate. After revolution is stated
healthy.
51. M. M., From Bucharest. Comes
back from Franta, waves emigrase in
1980. Is confided in Roumanian
Ambasadei, carry assure it as he shall
have rescind and the place of the labor.
On 15 August found out to C. C. With a
memorial in which plângea as the the
promises respected Este arrested four
days and interned to psychiatric
Spitalul Constanta without diagnosis
and without shapeless of externare.
52. R. I., Engineers, from Cluj. In
1974 he writes his Ceausecu, in which
accuse of it government dictatoriala the
country. Is erect from the place of the
 430

labor of to the organs of security from

Tg. Jiu and then interned to the
psychiatric local hospital. Is
neuroleptizat massively, i done ES and
in this state is leaded to an expertise in
which is stated ill mental dangerous, be
interned in a hospital of chronicle, with
the diagnosis of paranoid
schizophrenia. Reuseste to run and
difuzeaza in Craiova hundreds of
manifestoes anticomuniste. He is
grasped, reexpertizat to Bucharest the
si internee to Spitalul Gh. Marinescu.
He is massive neuroleptizat the si i
done ES and all forcedly i is done
insuflatie with air in brain, manipulate
utila, but very heartbreak. After these
analyses i stabileste the diagnosis of
the paranoia and from that moment
shall be merely to dispozitia Securitatii.
After 1989 they try to do the
extraordinary petition for the
cancellation hotarârilor justiciary, but
he is rejected throughout. Therefore,
adreseaza numeroaselor organizatii
internationof.
On 24 March 1992, Emanuel Vofriu
transmits a broadcast TV, in which he
he is cataloguized the ill right the
psyches, on subsequent shall it read it
and in the newspaper Dimineata.
 431

Remains dumbfound the si perplexed.

More, Emanuel Vofriu contacteaza
personnel and proposes it to prosecute
a personality from drive P. L. R., 53. I.
Lawyer, from were. Interned in
persistent rows to psychiatric Spitalul
Brasov the si to one from Bucharest,
wherethrough scria letters of the
secretaire ONU, in which sustinea as
the in România don’t honourable by-
pathes right were due to. Renunte
through of a persistent abusive
internments to psychiatry doed to
command Securitatii.
54. V. Poet, from criticized.
Securitatea, reason for which, in
persistent rows, is interned abusive to
Spitalul Gh. Marinescu. Here i done
neuroleptice and ES the massif.
Currently he is emigrated in SUA.
55. P., Philologist, redactor to the
cinematographic studio. Feather in
1987 is forced his work as unskilled
worker. In 1987 he does application
emigratory in SUA. Try to enter into the
embassy, but don’t reuseste than to
throw a letter in this garden. Is
arrested on the spot and sended to
Spitalul psychiatric of Închisorii Jilava,
waves i is put the diagnosis of the
 432

paranoid psychosis. After a month,

Judecatoria sector 1 disposes his
compulsory internment. The deed
penala burn be constituita from crime
against bunelor morals and the
disturbance of public order. Is leaded to
Spitalul psychiatric Poiana Mare in
November 1987. In had a special
regime, be good accomodated, i he
enabled to has the books. The doctors
propose externarea him, but Tribunalul
from Bailesti rejects the application.
Don’t the maul does applications of
externare, but he is drived from Poiana
Mare the scof aircraft, waves wait it the
passport emigratory in SUA and whole
family.
56. D F. S., Driver, from Râmnicul in
a Vâlcea the crisis of fury, is rowed with
hierarchical sefii the si sworn at the
congress of the party and just on
ceausescu. He is arrested and leaded
to the psychiatric hospital territorial,
waves i is put the diagnosis of
psychopathy polimorfa, with explosive
outpourings, the which complaint in
natural ways don’t enforces the
absence discernamântului. I applied
the precautions art. 114 C. P. And he is
sended to Spitalul Poiana Mare.
Evadeaza temporally revolutiei, unite
 433

with alti five prisoners. Although

convict of a then law court nobody
don’t l else searched and îsi unfurls the
natural activity.
57. V. M., From Bucharest. In the
July 1989 shout in plina the street:” I
don’t else do the part from the golden
age! Down Ceausescu!”. Is leaded to
the precinct of militia, beated bestial of
several young militiamans, carora can
them be the grandmother. Is beared
then direct to Spitalul Gh. Marinescu,
waves five saptamâni i done the
massifs neuroleptice. Abaft this the
treatment don’t the maul can speak
and deceased 58. M. S., Engineer the
mechanic, from Bucharest. In 1952 -
1954 înfiinteaza organizatia” Vulturul of
Munte” with the aim scattered
manifestoes. Is arrested, beated and
he gets off on gravely sechele. In 1988
he is erect from the place of the labor
of to an officer of security, beared in a
building speciala and subdued of a
apparatus, the camera-man carrying
coverall. After this” felt” an effect of
the lassitude masiva and of” blend of
ideation”, don’t else can vr2a
*concentrate. Gradually calm the then
si don’t else be out of order of Militie.
 434

59. G. I., From Bucharest.

Raspândeste demonstrate in Piata
Unirii. Facuse this thing of the many
maul either without bareback is
shadowless. This time he is grasped
and leaded to the center Securitatii,
and then to Penitenciarul Jilava.
Without no alta formality is leaded to
Spitalul Poiana Mare. Hardly achieved
as I burn be former expertise and i s
be puted the diagnosis of paranoid
schizophrenia the si as the has
discernamântul diminished. The maul
find out as i they applied the
precautions art. 114 C. P. He is freed
with big the speed after revolution,
when he is stated natural mental.
60. D. T., Driver, from Bucharest. For
his visit Gorbaciov îsi prepared cardă
which scria:” You glasnosti also
perestroika”. Nici caught to take out
cardă in the street - ascunsese in
machine - were arrested, be” poured”
of were. Away direct to Spitalul Cula
and held there lasted his visit
Gorbaciov. Received no diagnosis and
no the ticket of externare.
61. D. E., From Bucharest. Goes to C.
C., Waves doreste to enter into the
audience, but be împiedecata
demonstrated noisy. He is arestata
 435

immediately, leaded to Policlinica Titan

and here, were examinata, i is put the
diagnosis of epilepsy with disturbances
psyches. On reasons commited
antisocial papers, the committee of the
policlinic apply it the decree 12 and is
internata forcedly to Spitalul
Balaceanca.

Cases of his abuses attempt of abuse

after 1989
62. T. V. R., From Bucharest. In
September 1990 he does some days
the hunger-strike for prompts the laws.
In the station Brasov is agresata of an
which individual tears out it the bag.
Toward her surprise, Politia appears,
but on she and transport it to Spitalul
psychiatric from Brasov. Here he is
binded, i done big doses of
neuroleptice the si is holded eight days.
To insistentele of his mother i is done
externarea with the diagnosis of
paranoid schizophrenia. The doctor of
enterprise, although isn’t specialist,
sends pacienta for internment to
Spitalul Gh. Marinescu, I carry confute
the diagnosis puted to Brasov.
63. P. He does it the hunger-strike in
1991 afront general Procuraturii, waves
 436

is arestata and sended directly to

Spitalul Gh. Marinescu. Internata, the
doctor on guard refusing this thing.
All these prove as still don’t they
extinguished the habits and on which
they got them of lungul of the age
comuniste certain” organs”. Psihiatria is
still a middle of repression and an ally
of Politiei.
Is true as the last two cases is
adverted to events petrecute in the
years 1990 - 1991, but as true he is as
the age existed officially feather in
1996. And who can us assure as
disappeared entirely?

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 437

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 446

Contained
1. Foreword... Pag. 4
2. Vladimir Bukovski” Si comes back
the wind” 6 3. enter... 8.
3. Introducere
4.
The chapter I.
Fundamentarea logică the politic
psychiatric abuse... 12 1.
The psychiatric abuse: gradually falacyl
theoretical... 13 2.” New Morala” and
rightfull socialist relationship... 14
The social communist engineering... 16
B. The institutionalization of the fib and
life with double standard... 17
C. The psychiatry of the ideology and the
totalitarian system of the communist...
19.

The chapter II.

The ideological models of of politic
abuse in psychiatry... 22
The biologic his medical model... 22
 447

b. The model carceral of institutiei

of treatment... 26.
The must Of social psychiatry... 29.
relatia psychiatry... 33.
The chapter III.
Resistance and dissidence Roumanian
psychiatrists... 35
1. Continuity And limits of dizidentei
Roumanian psychiatrists... 36
2. . Evolutia dizidentei in psychiatry...
39
The stage Proletcultista... 40
B. The stage ideologizarii and sovietizarii
profoundly;
Conceptualizarea” scientificly” the
psychiatry abuzive 42

c. The stage dizidentei and

opozitiei opened... 44.
Desultory... 46.
Him i. Vianu... 46.
Operations From the ministry health...
47.
Organizata... 49.
Anticomunista psychiatrists... 49
D. The stage criptocomunista... 51 3.
Dificila confrontation with the
past... 51 4. The views Of
Roumanian psychiatry
postcomuniste... 53.
 448

Acerba for can fostei

nomenclatures... 53.
Oficialitatilor, chiefly Ministerului
Sanatatii
for former nomenklatura... 54.
Asociatiei Psihiatrilor Liberi... 55.
The chapter IV.
The problems of Roumanian
psychiatry posttotalitare... 57 1. The
politic abuse of desvaluiri
postrevolutionare.. 60
A tragic case... 64
b. A case of a duplicity... 65
. 2. The abuse Psychiatric concerning
situatia
of Roumanian psychiatry from the age
totalitara... 69
Situatia the hospitals psychiatric;
Desvaluiri
postrevolutionare... 70
B. The attack the commando securisto...
72
C. Reactiile the public opinion, of the
press... 75 3. Reform in psychiatry he
don’t means psihiatrie... 78.
The chapter V.
The abuses of politic psychiatry from
România.
 449

The concrete study.

The vulnerability of Roumanian
psychiatry... 82 1. Practise the politic
abuse in psychiatry... 82
Short historian of the psychiatric abuse in
US and to we
b. The role psychiatrist in abuse... 83
C. The amplitude and the forms of the
abuse... 86 2. The material remaking
studied... 87
The internment Abuziva... 87
B. The which events caused the
internment.. 88
C. The length internment... 89
D.The place and conditiile of dtentie(
intern).. 90

e. The diagnosis... 91
Charm. The abuse of therapy
Electroconvulsivanta... 93
G. The abuse of neuroleptice... 93 3. The
right violation of the patients... 94 4. the
abuse as the the form of the torture...
96.
Add up i.
The presentation of the casuistry... 97.
Bibliography... 111.
Contained... 114
450