AP Government

Semester Exam Review

Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 15

Be prepared to answer questions about the following information. 1. The writers of the United States Constitution

2. Hyperpluralists believe

3. What is a linkage institution?

4. Elite and class theory holds that

5. The overall set of shared values in a society is known as

6. Pluralist theory contends that in the United States

7. _________________________ is the process by which policy comes into being and evolves over time.

8. Government is defined as

9. This document suggested the legislative branch have a House of Representatives and a Senate

10. The Great Compromise at the Constitutional Convention dealt with

11. Trade among the states was known as

12. A loose union of independent states is a

13. The foundation of John Locke's philosophy was that human beings

14. The Framers provided this section of the Constitution for a changing nation.

15. What was the Constitutions stance on slavery?

16. The supremacy clause of the Constitution states that

17. Federalism is a way of organizing a nation so that

18. Federalism is

19. The principal type of federal aid for states and localities is

20. The primary thrust of the original intent and wording of the Tenth Amendment is that

21. In __________________ federalism, the powers and policy assignments of the different levels of government are distinct, like a layer cake.

22. The Constitution's provision that Congress has the right to make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution its powers is often referred to as the

23. In __________________ federalism, the powers and policy assignments of different levels of government are like a marble cake, with mingled responsibilities and blurred distinctions between layers of government.

24. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

25. Freedom of assembly includes the right to

26. In the Lemon v. Kurtzman decision of 1971, the Supreme Court ruled that

27. The Civil Rights Act of 1964

28. Thomas Jefferson argued that the First Amendment created a wall of separation between

29. Jim Crow laws were those which

30. The case of Plessy v. Ferguson was about

31. The Fourteenth Amendment specifically forbids the states from denying to anyone

32. In the case of the Nazis' proposed 1977 march on Skokie, a suburb north of Chicago with many Holocaust survivors which had denied the Nazis a permit to march, the Supreme Court, a year after the fact, let stand a lower court ruling that

33. The great freedoms of speech, press, religion, and assembly are contained in the

34. Freedom of expression is

35. The Twenty-fourth Amendment, ratified in 1964, states

36. The Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education was based on the legal argument that segregation violated the ___________________ Amendment.

37. In the case of _______________________________, the Supreme Court ruled that a black man, slave or free, was chattel and had no rights under a white man's government; it also ruled that Congress had no power to ban slavery in the western territories.

38. Unless they witness a crime, police officers cannot arrest a suspect without

39. The ________ Amendment outlawed slavery in the United States.

40. Civil liberties are

41. The most common form of political participation in the United States is

42. Political culture refers to

43. What are examples of civil disobedience?

44. Civil disobedience necessarily involves

45. Governments throughout the world use the schools to help with the ___________________ of young people.

46. By constitutional requirement, the government conducts the United States Census every

47. Protests are

48. A ________________________ is a coherent set of values and beliefs about public policy.

49. The key to the accuracy of public opinion polls is

50. One can predict how the majority of young people will vote simply by

51. The process through which an individual acquires his or her particular political orientations, including his or her knowledge, feelings, and evaluations regarding his or her political world, is known as

52. The science of population changes is

53. A trial balloon is a

54. The first televised _______________ occurred during the 1960 presidential campaign.

55. Narrowcasting refers to

56. A media event is

57. Rather than cover entire speeches by political figures, television news typically provides ___________________ of fifteen seconds or less.

58. Sound bites are

59. Television became especially important in bringing the reality of ________________________ home to America as its first heavily televised war.

60. The use of detective-like reporting methods to unearth scandals is known as

61. The first president to manipulate media politics with many press conferences and fireside chats successfully was

62. Media events are

63. The principal source of news and information for most Americans today is

64. These congressional staffers help constituents with problems

65. Federal grants and contracts are very important to lawmakers and their districts because they bring in

66. What is a filibuster and how is it used?

67. Senate seats are up for election every

68. The process of setting up new congressional districts after reapportionment is called

69. The presiding officer of the House of Representatives is the

70. There are ____________ members in the House.

71. Individuals already holding office are called

72. The classic conception of a bureaucracy was advanced by ______________________, who argued that the bureaucracy was a rational way for a modern society to conduct its business.

73. ______________________ is a hiring and promotion system based on knowing the right people, working in an election campaign, making large political donations, and/or having the right connections to win jobs with the government.

74. The Hatch Act, passed in 1940,

75. Government corporations are

76. Once a policy decision has been made, such as by passing a legislative act or issuing an executive order, the bureaucracy is responsible for

77. Standard operating procedures

78. One proposed solution to the problem of the proliferation of regulatory agencies and policies has been

79. Executive orders are issued by

80. To limit bureaucratic discretion and make its instructions clearer, Congress can

81. An iron triangle is also referred to as

82. An iron triangle consists of

83. Issue networks are

Know the Articles 84 Article I 88 Article V

85 Article II

89 Article VI

86 Article III

90 Article VII

87 Article IV