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Objectives
Define the general role a router plays in networks. Describe the directly connected networks, different router interfaces Examine directly connected networks in the routing table and use the CDP protocol Describe static routes with exit interfaces Describe summary and default route Examine how packets get forwarded when using static routes Identify how to manage and troubleshoot static routes
The router is a special-purpose computer that plays a key role in the operation of any data network. Routers are primarily responsible for interconnecting networks by: Determining the best path to send packets. Forwarding packets toward their destination.
Topology Lab Three 1800 series routers connected via WAN links. Each router connected to a LAN represented by a switch and a PC.
Verifying Ethernet interface Show interfaces for fastEthernet 0/0 command used to show status of fast Ethernet port. Show ip interface brief. Show running-config. Ethernet interfaces participate in ARP
In order to keep the unsolicited output separate from your input, enter line configuration mode for the consoled port and add the logging synchronous command.
Example:
R1(config)#interface serial 0/0 R1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000 R1(config-if)#no shutdown
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The routing table consists of a list of "known" network addresses these addresses that are directly connected, configured statically, and learned dynamically.
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Observing Routes as They are Added to the Routing Table debug ip routing command will let us see any changes that the router performs when adding or removing routes.
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When a router only has its interfaces configured, and the routing table contains the directly connected networks but no other routes, only devices on those directly connected networks are reachable.
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Default Setting
Feature
Default Setting
Enabled
Enabled 180 60
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The information gathered by the CDP protocol can be examined with the show cdp neighbors command.
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Platform Port ID
The product number of the device. The protocol and port number of the device.
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To disable CDP on a specific interface after it has been enabled, use the no CDP enable command in interface configuration mode.
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CDP Commands
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CDP Commands
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CDP Commands
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CDP Commands
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STATIC ROUTING
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ip route command
RTR(config)# ip route prefix mask {address | interface} [distance] [tag tag] [permanent]
IP route prefix for the destination. Prefix mask for the destination. IP address of the next hop that can be used to reach Network interface to use (exit-interface) (Optional) An administrative distance.
(Optional) Tag value that can be used as a "match" value for controlling redistribution via route maps. (CCNP Advanced Routing)
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Static routes can be configured with an exit interface, which allows the routing table to resolve the exit interface in a single search instead of two searches.
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ip route command
RTR(config)# ip route prefix mask {address | interface} [distance] [tag tag] [permanent]
IP route prefix for the destination. Prefix mask for the destination. IP address of the next hop that can be used to reach Network interface to use (exit-interface) (Optional) An administrative distance.
(Optional) Tag value that can be used as a "match" value for controlling redistribution via route maps. (CCNP Advanced Routing)
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Summary
Routers Operate at layer 3 Functions include best path selection & forwarding packets Connecting Networks WANs
Serial cables are connected to router serial ports. In the lab environment clock rates must be configured for DCE
LANs
Straight through cables or cross over cables are used to connect to fastethernet port. (The type of cable used depends on what devices are being connected)
Cisco Discovery Protocol A layer 2 proprietary protocol Used to discover information about directly connected Cisco devices
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Summary
Static Routes
This is a manually configured path that specifies how the router will get to a certain point using a certain path. This is several static routes that have been condensed into a single static route. It is the route packets use if there is no other possible match for their destination in the routing table. Zinins 3 routing principles describe how packets are forwarded Ping Traceroute Show IP route Show ip interface brief Show cdp neighbors detail
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