Leucaena Resources Images,distributionmapsandanonlinekeyconstructedbyPatrickAlexanderforthe identificationofLeucaenaspecies. MonographofLeucaenatoorderacopy,contact:SystematicBotanyMonographs, UniversityofMichigan,NorthUniversityBuildingAnnArbor,MI481091057,USA.The monographisalsoavailableonlineviaJSTOR. LeucaenaGeneticResourcesHandbooka.pdf[inEnglish(TFP37)orinSpanish(TFP37S)] canbedownloadedhere. OnlineDatabaseAtaxonomicandspecimendatabaseforLeucaenahasbeencompiled, usingthebotanicaldatabaseBRAHMS,wherethesedataareavailable.TheLeucaena databaseincludesdataonmorethan2800specimensin26herbaria(A,AAU,BISH,BM,CAS, CR,EAP,F,FHO,G,HAL,HEH,K,LAGU,M,MEXU,MO,NY,OXF,PMA,QAME,TEFH,TEX,UC, USandW).Detailedfieldnotes,commonnames,phenologyandduplicaterecordsare included,andthemajorityofspecimens(2393)aregeoreferenced.

enced.Nomenclatureincluding namestatus,synonymyandprotologuesareincludedandTYPEcollectionsarelinkedto names.

PreviousResearchtaxonomicmonography Leucaena(LeguminosaeMimosoideae)isasmallgenusof17diploidand5tetraploidspecies,six infraspecifictaxa,andtwonamedhybrids.Theyaresmalltomediumsizedtreesthatgrowin seasonallydrytropicalforestsofMexico,CentralAmericaandnorthernSouthAmerica.Previous

workonLeucaenacombinedspeciesdelimitationanddescriptionwithsystematicanalysisofspecies andgenericrelationships.ThisresearchculminatedintwomajorpublicationsaTaxonomic Monographofthegenus(Hughes,C.E.1998.SystematicBotanyMonographs55),andaGenetic ResourcesHandbook(Hughes,C.E.1998.TropicalForestrypaper37,OxfordForestryInstitute)which documentstheeconomicimportanceofthegenus. TheeconomicimportanceofLeucaenaspecies,andespeciallyL.leucocephalafortheproductionof livestockfodder,greenmanure,smallwoodproductsandforsoilconservationiswellknownand widelydocumented.Leucaenaspeciesarecultivatedpantropicallyasforageandwoodcrops,andL. leucocephalaiswidelynaturalizedandweedyinmanytropicalcountries.InMexico,13speciesof Leucaenaareusedasminorfoodplantsandhaveundergoneacomplexprocessofincipient indigenousdomestication.SeveralputativehybridsinLeucaenaappeartohavearisenspontaneously followingjuxtapositionofpreviouslyisolatedspeciesincultivationininformalorchardsinsouth centralMexico(Hughesetal.,2007).

CurrentResearchGenetreesandreticulateevolution Despitethehighfrequencyofhybridizationandpolyploidyinplants,significantchallengesremainto disentanglereticulationfromdivergenceinplantphylogenies.IncollaborationwithDonovanBailey (NewMexicoStateUniversity)weareinvestigatingthesequestionsforLeucaenausingagenetree approach.Studiesofreticulationdemandmultiple,denselysampled,highlyresolvedandrobustly

supportedbiparentallyinheritedgenetrees.MuchoftheworkonLeucaenahasbeendevotedto tacklingproblemsposedbylackofinformativevariationinconventionalDNAsequencelociandthe occurrenceofnrDNApseudogenes(Hughesetal.,2002;Baileyetal.,2003,2004)issuesthathinder reconstructionofrobust,wellresolvedspecieslevelphylogeniesforplants.Thishasinvolvedoneof thefirststudiestothoroughlyexploretheimpactsofnrDNApolymorphismandnonfunctional pseudogenesequencesonphylogenyreconstructioninplants(Hughesetal.,2002;Baileyetal,2003) anddevelopmentofapowerfulmethodforidentifyingpseudogenesequencesusingphylogenetic treesandbootstraphypothesistesting(Baileyetal.,2003).Weshowedthatpseudogenesequences arecommoninnrDNAdatasets,whichdominateplantspecieslevelphylogenetics,andthattheir detectioniscriticalforaccuratephylogenyreconstruction.Togetaroundtheproblemoflackof phylogeneticresolution,wedevelopedanovelSCARbasedtechniquetoidentifymorerapidly evolving,biparentallyinherited,nuclearDNAsequencelocithatcangenerategenetreeswiththe requiredresolutionandsupport(Baileyetal.,2004).Usingoneoftheselocianumberofputative hybridshavebeeninvestigated(Hughesetal.,2007).Comprehensivesequencedatasetsforalarger setofSCARbasednuclearDNAsequencelociarecurrentlyunderconstructionbyGovindarajulu Rajanikanth,PhDstudentworkingwithDonovanBailey. PublicationsonLeucaena Hughes,C.E.(inpress).Leucaena.FloraMesoamericana Hughes,C.E.,Rajanikanth,G.,Robertson,A.Filer,D.L.,Harris,S.A.&Bailey,C.D.2007.Serendipitous backyardhybridizationandtheoriginofcrops.ProceedingsNationalAcademyofSciences104: 1438914394.doi:10.1073/pnas.0702193104 Bailey,C.D.,Hughes,C.E.&Harris,S.A.2004.UsingRAPDstodevelopDNAsequencelociforspecies levelphylogenyreconstruction:anexamplefromLeucaena(Fabaceae).SystematicBotany29: 414.doi:10.1600/036364404772973483 Bailey,C.D.,Carr,T.G.,Harris,S.A.&Hughes,C.E.2003.CharacterizationofangiospermnrDNA polymorphim,paralogy,andpseudogenes.MolecularPhylogenetics&Evolution29:435455. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.08.021 Hughes,C.E.,Bailey,C.D.Krosnick,S.&Luckow,M.A.2003.Relationshipsamonggeneraoftheinformal DichrostachysandLeucaenagroups(Mimosoideae)inferredfromnuclearribosomalITS sequences.Pp.221238,in:Klitgaard,B.B.andBruneau,A.(Eds.).AdvancesinLegume SystematicsPart10.HigherLevelSystematics.RoyalBotanicGardensKew. Hughes,C.E.,Bailey,C.D.&Harris,S.A.2002.DivergentandreticulatespeciesrelationshipsinLeucaena (Fabaceae)inferredfrommultipledatasources:insightsintopolyploidoriginsandnrDNA polymorphism.AmericanJournalofBotany89:10571073. Hughes,C.E.&Jones,R.J.1999.EnvironmentalhazardsofLeucaena.Pp.6170,in:SheltonH.M.; Gutteridge,R.C.;Mullen,B.F.andBray,R.A.(Eds.).LeucaenaAdaptation,qualityandfarming systems.Proceedingsofaworkshop,Hanoi,Vietnam,Feb.1998.ACIARProceedings86. AustralianCentreforInternationalAgriculturalResearch,Canberra. Hughes,C.E.1998.Leucaena.AGeneticResourcesHandbook.TropicalForestryPaper37.Oxford ForestryInstitute.274pp.(alsopublishedinSpanishLeucaena.ManualdeRecursos Genticos).pdf(TFP37inEnglish/TFP37SinSpanish) Hughes,C.E.&Harris,S.A.1998.AsecondspontaneoushybridinthegenusLeucaena(Leguminosae: Mimosoideae).PlantSystematics&Evolution212:5377. Hughes,C.E.1998.MonographofLeucaena(Leguminosae:Mimosoideae).SystematicBotany Monographs55:1244. Hughes,C.E.1997.VariationinantherandpollenmorphologyinLeucaenaBenth.(Leguminosae: Mimosoideae).BotanicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety123:177196. doi:10.1006/bojl.1996.0083

Hughes,C.E.1997.ProposaltoconservethenameLeucaena(Leguminosae)withaconservedtype. Taxon46:355356. Hughes,C.E.1997.SpeciesdelimitationandnewtaxaandcombinationsinLeucaena(Leguminosae). ContributionsfromtheUniversityofMichiganHerbarium21:277290. Bray,R.A.;Hughes,C.E.;Brewbaker,J.L.Hanson,J.;Thomas,B.D.&Ortiz,A.1997.TheWorldLeucaena Catalogue.DepartmentofAgriculture,TheUniversityofQueensland,Brisbane.48pp.+PC diskette. Hughes,C.E.&Johnson,C.D.1996.NewhostrecordsandnotesonBruchidae(Coleoptera)from Leucaena(Leguminosae:Mimosoideae)fromMexico,CentralandSouthAmerica.Journalof AppliedEntomology120:137141. Chamberlain,J.R.,Hughes,C.E.&Galwey,N.1996.PatternsofisozymevariationintheLeucaena shannonii(Leguminosae:Mimosoideae)alliance.SilvaeGenetica45:17. Harris,S.A.,Chamberlain,J.L.&Hughes,C.E.1996.NewinsightsintotheevolutionofLeucaena.pp. 117126,in:Pickersgill,B.andLockJ.M.(Eds.)AdvancesinLegumeSystematics.Part8. LegumesofEconomicImportanceRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,UK. Hughes,C.E.&Harris,S.A.1995.SystematicsofLeucaena:recentfindingsandimplicationsforbreeding andconservation.pp.5465.in:Shelton.H.M.,Piggin,C.M.andBrewbaker,J.L.(Eds.). LeucaenaOpportunitiesandLimitations.ProceedingsofaWorkshop,Bogor,Indonesia, January1994.ACIARProceedingsNo.57. Harris,S.A.,Hughes,C.E.,Ingram,R.&Abbott,R.J.1994.AphylogeneticanalysisofLeucaena (Leguminosae:Mimosoideae).PlantSystematics&Evolution191:126. Harris,S.A.,Hughes,C.E.,Abbott,R.J.&Ingram,R.1994.GeneticdiversityinLeucaenaleucocephala (Lam.)deWit(Leguminosae:Mimosoideae).SilvaeGenetica43:159167. Hughes,C.E.&Harris,S.A.1994.Theidentificationandcharacterisationofanaturallyoccurringhybrid inLeucaena(Leguminosae:Mimosoideae).PlantSystematics&Evolution192:177197. Hellin,J.J.&Hughes,C.E.1993.Leucaenasalvadorensis:utilizationandconservationinCentral America.SerieMiscelaneadeCONSEFORH3921/93,Siguatepeque,Honduras,C.A.(Also publishedinSpanish,SerieMiscelanea1515/92). Hughes,C.E.1991.TwonewsubspeciesofLeucaena(Leguminosae,Mimosoideae)fromGuatemala. KewBulletin46:547557. Hughes,C.E.1988.Leucaenasalvadorensis:status,distributionandgeneticconservation.Leucaena ResearchReports9:99105. Hughes,C.E.1986.AnewLeucaenafromGuatemala.LeucaenaResearchReports7:110113.(Spanish translationSilvoenergia(CostaRica)20:14).