Introduction

International maritime law in board was a program proposed as a basis for employing and deploying employees. Maritime law, also referred to as admiralty law, is the body of law that governs navigation and shipping. In the U.S., maritime law derived from the British admiralty courts that were present in the majority of U.S. colonies. A different and unique area of law, maritime law differs from common law. Both the courts and Congress apply a uniform body of maritime law nationally and internationally to facilitate commerce. In the past, maritime law in the U.S. only applied to American tidal waters but now extends to all waters navigable within the United States for interstate or foreign commerce. Maritime law can include shipping, waters, commerce, seamen, navigation, towage, wharves, docks, piers, insurance, maritime liens, canals, recreation, as well as piracy. By knowing different application of law for us a future seafarers someday would helps us to have a basis knowledge in our chosen career and field. It is also indeed a protocol for us the students of MATS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY to be aware of the simple rules and regulations that can mold us and prepare us to follow a major role someday.

Review of related literature

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea lays down a comprehensive regime of law and order in the world's oceans and seas establishing rules governing all uses of the oceans and their resources. It enshrines the notion that all problems of ocean space are closely interrelated and need to be addressed as a whole. The Convention was opened for signature on 10 December 1982 in Montego Bay, Jamaica. This marked the culmination of more than 14 years of work involving participation by more than 150 countries representing all regions of the world, all legal and political systems and the spectrum of socio/economic development. At the time of its adoption, the Convention embodied in one instrument traditional rules for the uses of the oceans and at the same time introduced new legal concepts and regimes and addressed new concerns. The Convention also provided the framework for further development of specific areas of the law of the sea. The Convention entered into force in accordance with its article 308 on 16 November 1994, 12 months after the date of deposit of the sixtieth instrument of ratification or accession. Today, it is the globally recognized regime dealing with all matters relating to the law of the sea. The Convention comprises 320 articles and nine annexes, governing all aspects of ocean space, such as delimitation, environmental control, marine scientific research,

economic and commercial activities, transfer of technology and the settlement of disputes relating to ocean matters. Some of the key features of the Convention are the following:

* Coastal States exercise sovereignty over their territorial sea which they have the right to establish its breadth up to a limit not to exceed 12 nautical miles; foreign vessels are allowed "innocent passage" through those waters; * Ships and aircraft of all countries are allowed "transit passage" through straits used for international navigation; States bordering the straits can regulate navigational and other aspects of passage; * Archipelagic States, made up of a group or groups of closely related islands and interconnecting waters, have sovereignty over a sea area enclosed by straight lines drawn between the outermost points of the islands; the waters between the islands are declared archipelagic waters where States may establish sea lanes and air routes in which all other States enjoy the right of archipelagic passage through such designated sea lanes; * Coastal States have sovereign rights in a 200-nautical mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ) with respect to natural resources and certain economic activities, and exercise jurisdiction over marine science research and environmental protection; * All other States have freedom of navigation and overflight in the EEZ, as well as freedom to lay submarine cables and pipelines; * Land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States have the right to participate on an equitable basis in exploitation of an appropriate part of the surplus of the living

resources of the EEZ's of coastal States of the same region or sub-region; highly migratory species of fish and marine mammals are accorded special protection; * Coastal States have sovereign rights over the continental shelf (the national area of the seabed) for exploring and exploiting it; the shelf can extend at least 200 nautical miles from the shore, and more under specified circumstances; * Coastal States share with the international community part of the revenue derived from exploiting resources from any part of their shelf beyond 200 miles; * The Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf shall make recommendations to States on the shelf's outer boundaries when it extends beyond 200 miles; * All States enjoy the traditional freedoms of navigation, overflight, scientific research and fishing on the high seas; they are obliged to adopt, or cooperate with other States in adopting, measures to manage and conserve living resources; * The limits of the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone and continental shelf of islands are determined in accordance with rules applicable to land territory, but rocks which could not sustain human habitation or economic life of their own would have no economic zone or continental shelf; * States bordering enclosed or semi-enclosed seas are expected to cooperate in managing living resources, environmental and research policies and activities; * Land-locked States have the right of access to and from the sea and enjoy freedom of transit through the territory of transit States; * States are bound to prevent and control marine pollution and are liable for damage caused by violation of their international obligations to combat such pollution;

* All marine scientific research in the EEZ and on the continental shelf is subject to the consent of the coastal State, but in most cases they are obliged to grant consent to other States when the research is to be conducted for peaceful purposes and fulfils specified criteria; * States are bound to promote the development and transfer of marine technology "on fair and reasonable terms and conditions", with proper regard for all legitimate interests; * States Parties are obliged to settle by peaceful means their disputes concerning the interpretation or application of the Convention; * Disputes can be submitted to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea established under the Convention, to the International Court of Justice, or to arbitration. Conciliation is also available and, in certain circumstances, submission to it would be compulsory. The Tribunal has exclusive jurisdiction over deep seabed mining disputes. How Long Are Marines Deployed for? Marine Deployment
o

A common question among people considering serving in the military and families of people serving is just how long are U.S. soldiers and Marines expected to serve in an active combat area on a deployment to a far-flung location?

Typical Deployment

The answer to this question very often is "it depends." Depending on the role, rank and assignment of a Marine and the needs of the Marine Corps at the time, virtually any Marine unit could be assigned to any location at almost any time. Some Marines never actually see deployment to a combat zone during the course of their service.

Types of Deployment There are several types of deployment in the Marine Corps including combat, floats and relief efforts.

Combat Throughout 2008, during U.S. combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, a typical deployment was between seven and nine months. However, depending on what role a unit was serving, deployment could last up to a year. Floats Marines are often assigned along with sailors to service aboard Navy ships. These ships may be en route to a drop-off point or assigned to particular areas around the world, either in port or at sea, in reserve for use if needed. Some of these Marines and sailors may never see active combat on a float, but they could be ordered into an area if needed. Relief Efforts

Some Marine units are deployed in relief efforts in a time of natural or other disaster. U.S. Marines were deployed in this capacity following the December 2004 Asian tsunami and in 2005 following Hurricane Katrina along the Gulf Coast.

Other Assignments U.S. Marine units are consistently assigned to locations around the world such as Germany, the Philippines, South Korea and Japan. They may not be deployed as we understand it in a combat context, but they are assigned important national security roles worldwide all the time. National Shipping Board for CISF deployment in all ports Bhuabneswar | Sunday, Jan 22 2012 IST The National Shipping Board (NSB) has recommended to the centre to deploy the CISF in all the ports across the country to maintain uniformity in security measures. The 118th Board meeting of the NSB held here yesterday discussed the enhancement of security measures in both major and minor ports in the country and decided to recommend tocentre to adopt a uniformity in the security measures by deploying the CISF. NSB Chairman P V K Mohan told newsmen after the board meeting that all the members were in favour of the deployment of CISF in all the ports for a better coordination on the security measures. He said presently only the CISF were deployed in the major ports and the board members wanted that the CISF deployment be extended to the minor ports as well as the private ports. The CISF, he said should not be confined to port security alone but extend its jurisdiction to the coast and both land and water to keep a strong vigil on the possible threat to the port from

all angles Mr Mohan said nearly 750 CISF personnel have completed the training in the maritime operation from the Naval base at Chilka and soon they would be deployed at various ports to man the security aspect. He said the NSB also discussed the issue of having Indian Maritime Service exclusively for the ports,light houses and DG shipping and decided to prepare a concept paper in this regard which would be submitted to the central government. The NSB Chairman said the issue would be discussed at length in the next board meeting and the centre would be approached to introduce the Indian Maritime Service which would benefit the shipping industry in a big way. Mr Mohan said the NSB was also in favour of exempting the tax on the marine personnel who were working on a difficult situation.A tax free environment will encourage more and more people to join the marine posts. He said the Indian marine personnel working in the foreign ships are exempted from the tax and the NSB wanted the same principle should be applied to the marine officials working in the Indian ships. Among other things, NSB also decided to recommend to the centre to upgrade and increase the Mercantile Marine Department (MMD) offices across the ports as about 40 per cent of cargo was being handled by the non major ports in the country where the sub standard ships have the free operation without proper scrutiny by the MMD officials. UNI DP AK RD1608 NNNN

Statement of the problem The purpose of the study is to know the application of the international maritime law in board, a ship program: basis for employment and deployment strategy.

1.What is the socio demographic profile if the respondents in terms of; 1.1Age 1.2Civil status 1.3 Working status

2.Is there a significance difference on the application of the international maritime law in board, a ship program: basis for employment and deployment strategy.

Significance of the study The study was conducted to determine the application of international maritime law in board a ship program: basis for employment and deployment strategy and considered significant to: The school. This provides awareness to the administration to promote diligent teachers to fulfill our need, the student of MATS COLLEGE OF Technology also to gain additional knowledge of the international maritime law. The maritime students this will serve as a guide in their chosen fields to know more and to impart there knowledge as well. The future researchers this serve as basis for their future studies someday and will inspire them to continue and developed more activities related to this studies.

Theoretical framework About Dr. David J. Bederman In 1991, Dr. Bederman joined the faculty at the Emory University School of Law, becoming the K.H. Gyr Professor in Private International Law in 2008. Over the years, he shared his knowledge of international law, admiralty, international institutions, law of international common spaces, legal methods, customary law, international environmental law and foreign relations power with thousands of students. Dr. Bederman published extensively, writing 12 books and 125 articles on diverse legal topics, including legal history, constitutional law, and international legal theory and practice. He lectured widely and was a visiting professor at New York University and the University of Virginia, and was a Fulbright Distinguished Chair at Osgoode Hall in Toronto. Dr. Bederman also led a private practice and played a significant legal role in many cases involving the law of the sea, maritime law and shipwreck disputes, representing clients in 52 federal court cases as counsel of record, including the U.S. Supreme Court. Prior to joining Emory, Dr. Bederman practiced law at Covington & Burling in Washington, DC and acted as a legal advisor at the Iran/United States Claims Tribunal at The Hague. Dr. Bederman held degrees from Princeton University (A.B.), London School of Economics (MSc.), University of Virginia (J.D.), and the University of London (Ph.D.), as well as the Diploma of The Hague Academy of International Law. To honor Dr. David J. Bederman, the faculty of Emory School of Law is building an endowment for a lecture series, student fellowship program, and professorship.

Conceptual framework

Application of international maritime law in board, a ship program: basis for employment and deployment strategy

Socio demographic profile -age -civil status -working status

independent variable

dependent variable

Figure 1. Conceptual paradigm of the study

This conceptual framework explains the relationship of different variables which are present in the study. The variables included the independent variable the application of international maritime law in board a ship program: basis for employment and deployment strategy, dependent variable the socio demographic profile if the respondents in age, civil status, working status.

Hypothesis ho: there is no significant difference between the application of international maritime law in board a ship program: basis for employment and deployment strategy.

Scope and delimitation The study is focused and limited in the application of international maritime law in board a ship program: basis for employment and deployment strategy. And w'eve chosen the instructors of MATS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY who had a working experience on board and recently teaching in our school.