Su-27 Flanker B

RUSSIAN FIGHTER 1:48 SCALE PLASTIC KIT

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The roots of the Su-27 can be traced back to the end of the sixties and beginning of the seventies. At the time, it became known that the Americans were working on their F-X Project, the result of which was the F-15 Eagle. The Soviet Union, naturally, had to prepare an answer. The General Staff formulated a requirement for the Perspektivniy Frontovoy Istrebitel (PFI - advanced frontal fighter aircraft). It was to be able to operate from small, unprepared airstrips, have a good range, quick turnaround time, and carry a wide range of weaponry. It was also to be capable of over Mach 2 speeds. Aerodynamic studies were undertaken at TsAGI, in co-operation with OKB Sukhoi. Initial studies showed the need to explore two roads, which added the PLFI to the PFI project, and was to give the Soviet air force an equivalent to the F-16 Fighting Falcon. It was anticipated that the future Soviet Air Force would be composed of roughly one third PFI and two-thirds PLFI. While the PLFI project was entrusted to Mikoyan-Gurevich, resulting in the MiG-29, the PFI work was the responsibility of Sukhoi. The first PFI aircraft was the Sukhoi T-10, and took to the air for the first time on April 20, 1977. The aircraft was characterized by a delta type wing, twin fins, and two separate engines. The new aircraft did not escape attention of unfriendly elements, and was given the reporting name Flanker A. The development of the T-10 was met with a list of difficulties, finally culminating in a crash on April 20th, 1978. The concept was then reworked into the T-10S, which flew for the first time on April 20, 1981. Its fate wasnt much better, and it too crashed on December 23 of the same year. The Su-27 entered serial production in 1984, when the first deliveries took place. Problems plagued efforts to equip units of the new type, and full production capabilities were not realized until 1986. Deliveries were made to Frontal Aviation as well as units of the PVO, where they replaced the Su-15 Flagon. Series Su-27s are designated Su-27S, and coded Flanker B by NATO. The power units are composed of a pair of Lyulka AL-31F afterburning turbojets. In combination with aerodynamic innovations and a low wing loading, these give the Flanker exceptional flight capabilities. A very popular maneuver is what has become known as the Pugachev Cobra, where the aircraft is capable of pitching up its nose in level flight past the vertical and back, with no appreciable change in altitude. The overall weight of the aircraft was lowered by the use of titanium in its construction. The left wing root houses a GS-30-1 30mm cannon with 150 rounds. Other ordinance can be carried on ten external stores stations. The Su-27 has shown itself in battle. Russian aircraft were used in combat between 1992 and 1993 in Abkhazia where the opponent was the air force of Georgia. The Russian aircraft also took part in ops in southern Osettia, in the Caucasus Mountains in 2008. Ethiopian Su-27s reportedly have shot down five Eritrean MiG-29s before Eritrea also purchased the type. A two-seat combat trainer was developed in the form of the Su-27UB. NATO allocated the reporting name Flanker C. For carrier service, the Su-27K (also designated Su-33, Flanker D) was developed. Export versions are designated Su-27SK and Su-27UBK. Further development of the aircraft has led to the Su-32, Su-34, Su-35 (Flanker E) and Su-37 (Flanker F).

vodem
Koeny vzniku Su-27 sahaj a na pelom 60. a 70. let minulho stolet. Tehdy velo ve znmost, e americk ozbrojen sly pracuj na programu F-X, jeho vsledkem se stal typ F-15 Eagle. Sovtsk svaz pochopiteln nemohl zstat pozadu. Generln tb zformuloval poadavky na Perspektivnyj frontovoj istrebitl (PFI pokroil frontov sthac letoun). Ml mt schopnost operovat z malch nezpevnnch ploch, disponovat znanm doletem, vynikajc obratnost a nst rozshlou vzbroj. Poadovna byla tak rychlost vy ne 2 machy. Prac na aerodynamick studii se zhostil CAGI ve spoluprci s konstrukn kancel Suchoj. Zhy ukzalo, e bude poteba jt dvma cestami, a k programu PFI tak pibyl jet program PLFI, kter ml sovtskm ozbrojenm silm dt ekvivalent typu F-16 Fighting Falcon. Plny pedpokldaly, e sovtsk letectvo se bude skldat z jedn tetiny z letoun PFI a ze dvou tetin z letoun PLFI. Zatmco program PLFI dostala na starost konstrukn kancel Mikojan-Gurjevi a vsledkem se stal typ MiG-29, programu PFI se s konenou platnost ujal Suchoj. Prvn letoun programu PFI, Suchoj T-10, se dostal do vzduchu 20. kvtna 1977. Stroj charakterizovalo delta kdlo, dvojit svisl ocasn plochy a dva separtn instalovan motory. Nov stroj neuel pozornosti neptelskch rozvdek a dostal kdov oznaen Flanker A. Vvoj T-10 se potkal s adou pot, kter nakonec vystily v havrii 20. dubna 1978. Koncept byl pot pepracovn do podoby T-10S, kter poprv vzltl 20. dubna 1981. Ani ten se nevyhnul problmm a havaroval 23. prosince tho roku. Do sriov vroby se typ Su-27 dostal v roce 1984, kdy zaaly prvn kusy pichzet do sluby. Problmy pi vrob vak zavdn novho typu brzdily, na pln vkon bela a roce 1986. Dostvalo je jak frontov letectvo, tak jednotky protivzdun obrany, kde nahrazovaly typ Su-15 Flagon. Sriov Su-27 bvaj oznaovny jako Su-27S, v kdu NATO Flanker B. Pohon letoun zaji ovala dvojice proudovch motor Ljulka AL-31F s pdavnm spalovnm. V kombinaci s aerodynamickm eenm letounu a nzkm plonm zatenm kdla dvaly Flankeru vynikajc letov schopnosti. Velmi populrn se stala tzv. Pugaevova kobra, kdy letoun dokzal bhem tohoto manvru lett po krtkou dobu s hlem nbhu kdla 120. Snen hmotnosti letounu bylo dosaeno tak pouitm titanu coby konstruknho materilu. V levm koeni kdla byl zabudovn kanon G-30-1 re 30 mm se zsobou 150 ran. Dal vzbroj, rakety a pumy, bylo mon instalovat na deset zvsnch bod. Su-27 se prezentovaly na vlenm poli. Rusk stroje se dostaly do boj v letech 1992 a 93 nad Abchzi, kde bylo jejich soupeem gruznsk letectvo. Rusk Su-27 se podlely tak na operacch v rmci konfliktu v Jin Osetii v roce 2008. Ethiopsk stroje pak bojovaly s eritrejskmi MiGy-29 a dajn jich pt sestelily. Vznikla tak bojov-cvin dvoumstn verze Su-27UB. V systmu NATO m oznaen Flanker C. Pro slubu na letadlovch lodch jsou ureny Su-27K (oznaovan t Su-33, Flanker D), stroje vyroben na export nesou oznaen Su-27SK, resp. Su-27UBK. Dal vvoj letounu vedl k typm Su-32, Su-34, Su-35 (Flanker E) a Su-37 (Flanker F).

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A Su-27, 689th GIAP, Chkalovsk Air Base, Russia, May, 2003

The appearance of this Flanker, nicknamed Copeck, evolved with the addition of some interesting color artwork. These included the cobra on the right vertical tail, and a sharkmouth with eyes on the front. In this guise, the aircraft flew in May, 2003. Note the lower surface non standard camouflage. The 689th Guards Unit belongs to the Baltic Fleet of the Russian Navy, and the Guards badge is carried on the left side front. Chkalovsk Air Base is located in Eastern Prussia, formerly German territory occupied by Russian troops after the Second World War. Podoba tohoto Flankeru, pezdvanho Kopjka, se vyvjela, postupem doby se na nm objevily zajmav barevn doplky. Tmi jsou kobra na prav SOP a zubat tlama s oima na pdi. V tto podob ltal v kvtnu 2003. Zajmav je nestandardn kamuflovn letounu i na spodnch plochch. 689. gardov leteck pluk pat do stavu Baltsk flotily ruskho nmonictva, gardov znak nese letoun na lev stran pd. Zkladnu kalovsk najdete ve Vchodnm Prusku, pvodn nmeckm zem, kter Rusko obsadilo po 2. svtov vlce.
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B Su-27, 54th GvIAP / 148th Combat and Training Centre, Savasleyka AB, Russia, 1998
This Flanker carried the emblem of St. George on its tail surfaces and served with the 148th Combat and Training Centre for PVO personnel at Savasleyka, in the vicinity of the Nizhniy Novgorod region. The aircraft belongs to the 54th GvIAP (Guards Fighter Air Regiment), which operated at the centre in 1998. Flanker se znakem sv. Ji na ocasnch plochch ltal u 148. centra pro operan nasazen a vcvik leteckho personlu protivzdun obrany na letiti Savaslejka, oblast Ninho Novgorodu. Stroj pat do 54. Kreenskho GvIAP, kter v centru psobil v roce 1998.

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C Su-27, Uzbek Air Force, 62nd Fighter Regiment, Karshi Air Base, 2010
After the breakup of the Soviet Union, the Uzbek Air Force was allocated 21 single seat and six two-seat Su-27s from the 9th GvIAP, which were stationed at Andizan. Shortly after the transfer, the Uzbek Air Force transferred the unit to Karsi - Chanabad and redesignated it the 62nd IAP (Fighter Regiment). The base is situated close to the Afghan border and is also known as K2, from which the Americans flew attack missions against Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan between 2001 and 2005. This aircraft carries the new camouflage scheme typical for these Su-27s and MiG-29s. Po rozpadu Sovtskho svazu zskalo uzbeck letectvo 21 jednomstnch Su-27 a 6 dvoumstnch Su-27UB od 9. GvIAP, kter byly dislokovny na letiti Andian. Krtce po pevzet uzbeckmi orgny byla jednotka peznaena na 62. IAP (sthac leteck pluk) a pemstna na letit Kari Chanabad. Letit le pobl afghnskch hranic a je znm t pod nzvem K2, pod nm jej v letech 2001 a 2005 vyuvaly americk sly k tokm proti jednotkm al-Kjdy v Afghnistnu. Tento stroj nese nov kamufln schma typick pro st Su-27 a MiG-29.
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D Su-27SK, Indonesian Air Force, 11th Sqdn, Hasanuddin Air Base, August, 2003
This was one of two aircraft delivered on August 27, 2003 to the Indonesian Air Force. Indonesia fields 24 Su-27SK / Su-30K aircraft. The letters TS are the initials for Tempur Sergap (fighter interceptor). After the handover at Lanuma Iswashusi, the aircraft was assigned to the 11th Squadron, stationed at Lanud Hasanuddin. Tento letoun byl jednm ze dvou stroj tohoto typu dodanch 27. srpna 2003 indonskmu letectvu. Indonsie disponuje 24 kusy letoun Su-27SK / Su-30K. Psmena TS v oznaen letounu jsou zkratkou slov Tempur Sergap (pepadov stha). Po pevzet na letiti Lanuma Iswashusi putoval letoun k 11. squadron na zkladnu Lanud Hasanuddin.
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E Su-27, Ukrainian Air Force, 831st Tactical Aviation Brigade, Mirgorod Air Base, 2009
The Ukraine had a total of 65 Su-27s at the end of 2010. They are concentrated with the 831st Tactical Aviation Brigade at Mirgorod, in the Poltava province. Pentagon purchased two unarmed Su-27 fighter jets from Ukraine in 2009. The United States used the jets to train effective counter-operation efforts. Ukrajinsk letectvo mlo ke konci roku 2010 ve stavu celkem 65 Su-27. Jsou soustedny v 831. taktick leteck brigd na zkladn Mirgorod, v poltavsk oblasti. Dva neozbrojen ukrajinsk Su-27 byly v roce 2009 prodny do USA, kde slouily pro vypracovn vhodn taktiky pro boj s tmto typem letounu.

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EDUARD M.A. 2012

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