ALACRITY CONTROL USING CATEYE

R.Suganya,S.Sivaprabhakaran,R.Sugumar, Guided by k.Gokila, Assistant P rofessor, Angel College Of Engineering And Technology, Tirupur.
Abstract -This paper proposes the use of a wireless sensor network of cats eye augmented with embedded processing, communication, and sensing capabilities to monitor vehicle behaviour on augmented roads. The primary goal of the system is to provide dri vers with early warning of potentially dangerous situation that may arise. The focus of the paper is on the software architecture needed and the technical challenges to be overcome in order to support this and related applications. . In recent years, ITS has been researched actively in order to prevent accidents. Use of a radar could be considered asone of the collision prevention technologies and a small portion of vehicles are equipped with automotive radars now. Although the automotive radar uses laser or millimeter wave, the radar which used the millimeter wave is coming mainstream. Here, we propose a car detection using reflection of curved mirrors as the system which can detect cars at low visibility intersections.

1. INTRODUCTION While in recent few years a nu mber of p rojects have proposed the use of sensor networks for vehicle tracking in military applications we propose that a distributed and autonomous system of sensor network nodes be deployed with the goal of improving driving safety on public roads. According to the Irish National Roads. Authority, 41% of all two-vehicle only accidents were caused by travelling on the wrong side of the road and by improper overtaking. Because of that the purpose of our system is to provide drivers with insistent view of the road situation a few hundred meters ahead of them, so that they can react to potential dangers early enough. Also, because 72% of all road accidents occurred outside of urban environments, and 42% were on national roads we consider those roads as primary target deployment environment for our system .In addition, the instrumentation techniques developed for use in this system particularly the noncontacting distance measuring device used for surface height sensing, may have other highway an industrial applications. 2. THE CONCEPT AND S YSTEM TESTING The basic idea is as follo ws: sensor nodes are placed along both sides of a road every few meters. We focus on two-way single carriageways only, because almost 80% of all road accidents occur on this type of road. The nodes are to be placed inside cats eyes and are equipped with magnetic sensors. After deploy ment they form an ad hoc radio network to exchange in formation about cars, as determined by their magneto meters, between each other. The nodes need to cooperate by means of co mmun ication

to maintain consistent real time local road-state information, wh ich consists of the relative positions and speeds of all of the vehicles travelling along the road at a particular time and place. This information is then communicated to the vehicles, so that on-board computers can use it to infer dangerous situations. The amount of reasoning and computation that needs to be done by sensor nodes and vehicle on-board computers is to be investigated. To make our ideas more clear we consider a typical improper overtaking scenario that could possibly be avoided by use of our system: a vehicle t ries to overtake another vehicle on a road curve, where it cannot be seen by other vehicles travelling fro m the opposite direction. The sensor nodes forward the information about the vehicles they have detected along the road and drivers can be informed early enough to react safely. The system should be easily deployable and robust. The nodes should be replaceab le and failu re of single nodes should not affect operation of the system as a whole, which means that node failu re should have impact only on local system operat ion.

Fig1.No Obstacle

It should also be possible to replace broken devices without any additional system reconfiguration. The newly installed ones should detect their neighbours, and quickly

find their place within the whole system.

1.Veh icle tracking over longer distances for travel-time estimation. By correlating spatiotemporal detection data, vehicles can be tracked along the road. This requires further investigation. 2.Vehicle counting at intersections. This service is of majo r impo rtance in cit ies, where traffic volu me information is used by traffic management systems. 3.Pedestrian on-road presence notification. This service can be provided assuming the use of more sophisticated sensors or pedestrians equipped with some device to announce their presence on the road. 4.Erratic driv ing detection and driver warning. Assuming a bigger computational capability, the sensor nodes can make use of the road-state information they generate (the vehicle tracking service) to infer dangerous

Fig2.1,Obstacle with Alarm 5. Incident detection. A service similar to erratic driving detection, with the difference that the nodes try to infer an incident (e.g., a crash) and forward that informat ion along the road to warn other drivers or to send it to a traffic management centre, by communicat ing it to a more powerful device capable of long-range commu nication.

Fig2.2 Obstacle sensor signal

3. OTHER APPLICATIONS Although the focus of our system is to improve driving safety, we can also consider additional applications. In further research we envision a system with enhanced functionality that comprises of a configurable number of services. The particular set of services comprising a particular system instance would be chosen at the design level, with respect to such factors as node hardware or power constraints or simply the need for particular functionality. We expect that this system, besides the basic road-state informat ion service, would also provide:

Fig3.1Possible application of sensor networks to safe dri vi ng monitoring.

At this early stage of the project we envision the following groups of lower layer software co mponents being implemented: System deployment: co mponents responsible for self-initialization of a node including neighbor discovery, initial time synchronization and localization relative to nodes neighbors. Sensor algorithms: co mponents containing sensor data. Processing algorithms, for instance, signal processing, sensor calibration, vehicle detection, categorizations and tracking. All based on the output of a magnetometer and possibly a PIR sensor. Actuator d rivers: if nodes were to be equipped with some actuators (e.g., LEDS) those components would provide routines for using them. Communication: components defining the communication sub layer. They will include a MAC protocol, a (possible) routing protocol, common node intercommunication module,node-to-vehicle communication module. System operation: components providing common services used during system operation. This might include localization and network topology maintenance ,neighbour monitoring for node failure and new nodediscovery. 5.SPEED B REAKER DET ECTION

Fig3.2Obstacle with al arm 1

6. Period ic traffic volu me snapshot. This service counts or estimates the number of vehicles along the whole road at some particular time and sends it to a traffic management centre to make it available to other users (e.g., through the Internet). Periodic service execution would allow for real-time traffic informat ion. 7. Road-surface condition reporting service. Equipping sensor nodes with additional sensors like temperat ure and humid ity sensors would allow to periodically gather information about the road-surface condition. The information could be sent to a traffic management centre, displayed on a variable message sign or communicated to passing vehicles. 8. Message broadcast service. Nodes can also forward messages along the road and broadcast them to passing cars. Their purpose would depend on the particular application, e.g., they could be warning messages generated by a traffic management centre. The above listed services are meant as an extension to the basic functionality, which is the vehicle tracking service. Their development will be undertaken in the second phase of our research. 4. SOFTWARE ARCHITECTUR E Since the sensor nodes are to provide various services, the software architecture of the nodes must be modular to allow for service set composition and further service enhancement. The software architecture of a single node has to consist of two main layers: a lo wer layer containing a set of lo w-level software co mponents that provide functionality common to the set of imp lemented services, and a higher layer defining a subset of the services listed above. We as sume that computing constraints of the nodes require the architecture of the lower layer to be component-based, so only the minimu m set of components can be chosen, with respect to the functionality required by the services of the higher layer.

Fig 5 .1 S peedbreaker detecti on This method is main ly used to detect the speed breakers by means of polarization techn ique. This method calcu lates the change in po larisation p lanes of back-scattered lighting. When the light reflects fro m the surface,The amount of horizontally polarised co mpared to the vertically po larized light. The main d isadvantage of this method is that the drivers are reco mmended to wear polarized sunglasses light is in order to min imize the glare fro m puddle or an engine bonet.

Fig5.2 No s peed breaker

6.BEND DETECTION In order to prevent accidents this paper addresses the expansion in uses of the automotive radar. Although the automotive radar uses laser or millimeter wave, research and invention of the radar using millimeter wave was done in recent years.For this reason, compared with laser, millimeter wave radar can be uses in rain, fog and snow environment.

Fig6.2 Low amplitude bend detected signal

Fig6.3 High amplitude bend detected signal Fig6.3 Bend detection using curved mirror techni que Moreover, there are the following features in a millimeter wave. It is possible to transfer a large data at high speeds, because millimeter band has a broad frequency bandwidth. The miniaturizat ion of device is possible because of high frequency. This feature is a very big advantage from a viewpoint that the radar for automotive can be miniaturized because there is little space to attach a radar on a car. Since attenuation is large, interference can be controlled if its distance is kept a little. These features are advantageous points in ITS, and it is possible that a millimeter wave will play a big role in communicat ion technology. This method is to detect the bends which is the serious cause of accidents .In prev ious proposals the bend detection is by means of radar using millimeter wave technique, whereas this wave travels only for a short and straight line.so that this millimeter wave cannot be proposed for a long distance, hence this will not be an efficient techn ique to detect the bends. 7.TRANS MITTER AND RECEIVER ON ROADWAY The system which uses the sensors to prevent accident is the through continuous sensing. It not only prevents overtaking but also indicates the speed breakers and bends on the roads. The communication is between the transmitter on the road and receiver on the vehicle. This proves to be a better system for preventing the accidents and also prevents

Button is used as speed brakes. Microcontroller process the signal and given to encoder. Encoder is used to encode the signal and given to transmitter. Transmitter is used to transmit the signal. In this section is placed on vehicle. Left bend detecting sensor and right bend detecting sensors are placed in vehicle to identify the bends in hills area. Two sensors are detecting the bends and detected signal is given to microcontroller wh ich is process the signal and display message, activate alarms. 8.FUTUR E WORK AND CONCLUS ION The module is exposed to prevent accidents in roadways and also it will be very useful for the peoples who were driv ing different vehicles. This paper proposes three different features which can be exhib ited using pic18xx x .This paper will really bring us in reduction of accidents in most dangerous roads. Fig7.1Transmi tter someserious consequences like loss of life. This system is high reliab ility and a low cost efficiency. Sensors are used to detect the road bend and objects. Ultrasonic sensors are used to detect the transparent objects in road bends and detected signal is given to microcontroller which is process the signal and activate the signal driver, alarm driver. Signal dive control the signal. RECEIV ER: Receiver is used to receive the transmitted signal and decode that signal. Decoded signal is given to microcontroller wh ich is process the signal and display the message and also activate the alarm REFERENCES [1] Road Collision Facts. Ireland, 2003. National Roads Authority,

[2] A. Arora. Exscal: Extreme scale wireless sensor networking http://www.cast.cse.ohio-state.edu/exscal/, 2005. [3] A. Arora, P. Dutta, S. Bapat, V. Kulathumani, H. Zhang, V. Naik, V. Mittal, H. Cao, M. Gouda, Y. Choi, T. Herman, S. Kulkarni, U. Aru mugam, M. Nesterenko, A. Vora, and M. Miyashita. A line in the sand: A wireless sensor network for target detection, classification, and tracking. In Co mputer Networks, 2004. [4] U.Berkeley. 29 palms fixed/ mobile experiment, website on vehicle position mon itoring: Trac king vehicles with a uavdelivered sensor network. http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/ pister/29palms0103/, 2001. [5] T. He, S. Krishnamurthy, J. A. Stankovic, T. Abdelzaher, L. Luo, R. Stoleru, T. Yan, and L. Gu. Energyefficient surveillance system using wireless sensor networks.In ACM MobiSys, June 2004.

Fig7.2Receiver

[6] E. Mazor, A. Averbuch, Y. Bar-Shalo m, and J. Dayan.Interacting multiple model methods in target tracking:Asurvey. In EEE Transactions on Aerospace and ElectronicSystems,1998.