Physics 212

Lecture 28
Optical Devices

Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 1

Music
Who is the Artist? A) B) C) D) E) Pete Fountain Marcus Roberts & Victor Goines New Orleans Nightcrawlers Anat Cohen Tom McDermott & Evan Christopher

Theme of Week Threadhead Records Artists who played at Lagniappe stage, Jazzfest 2011 Anat Cohen, clarinetist supreme, also played last Jazzfest with Tom McDermott and others

Your Comments
All the stuff about nearsightedness and farsightedness was very confusing. But that was nothing compared to the confusion I felt while watching the stuff about angular magnification.. Please help! Please have demos Some extra time on systems of lenses would be appreciated. It can be difficult to keep track of everything, especially as more and more lenses are added. Very confusing for how easy lenses have been We will do a brief summary and have some demos

LENGTHY DEMO / CALCULATION to finish lecture

This is cool! now I know how my contacts and glasses work. But can you explain how they make these very important lenses so very very little? My girlfriend told me my glasses made me nerdy. I explained to her the cool physics behind them. She then reiterated how nerdy I was.
05

Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 3

Your Comments
I have lost all faith in my posts ever ending up on a powerpoint. Physics fails me again.. Anyway to get on the big board? I didn't get on it in physics 211 and still have yet to get on it for physics 212. Throw me a bone!!! Hey can you put this on the screen! This is probably my last chance! Thanks! Aww my second physics class, and I have still never made it onto the board :( THIS IS MY LAST CHANCE TO GET ONTO THE SCREEN, HELLO WORLD! I can't think of anything clever to put. Put this up anyways. Dear Professor, This is the last prelecture/preflight i ever have to do. Please post this!!!!! Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide

Executive Summary Mirrors & Lenses:

S > 2f 2f > S > f
real inverted smaller real inverted bigger virtual upright bigger
(converging)

f>0
concave

converging

f >S>0

1 1 1 + = S S f
f<0

S M = S

S >0

virtual upright smaller

(diverging)

convex

diverging
f

Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 5

Its always the same:

1 1 1 + = S S f

S M = S

You just have to keep the signs straight:

s is positive for a real image f is positive when it can produce a real image

Lens sign conventions

S: positive if object is upstream of lens S : positive if image is downstream of lens f: positive if converging lens
Mirrors sign conventions

S: positive if object is upstream of mirror S : positive if image is upstream of mirror f: positive if converging mirror (concave)
Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 6

System of Lenses
Trace rays through lenses, beginning with most upstream lens

Image from first lens Becomes object for second lens

Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 7

System of Lenses
Virtual Objects are Possible !!

Object Distance is Negative !!

Image from first lens Becomes object for second lens

Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 8

A parallel laser beam of width w1 is incident on a two lens system as shown below.

Checkpoint 3
Each lens is converging. The second lens has a larger focal length than the first (f2 > f1). What does the beam look like when it emerges from the second lens?
A B A. The beam is converging B. The beam is diverging Cparallel to the axis with a width < w C. The beam is 1 D D. The beam is parallel to the axis with a width = w1 E

E. The beam is parallel to the axis with a width > w1

converge plus converge equals megaconverge!

The beam converges through the first lens but then diverges through the second due to the placement of the focal point. the second lens corrects the convergence of the first Since the object of the second lens is formed at the focal point of the second lens. Thus the beam comes out parallel to the x axis with the same width. Not sure about the width, but with larger f2 it seems width would be greater Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide too :/
9

A parallel laser beam of width w1 is incident on a two lens system as shown below.

Checkpoint 3
Each lens is converging. The second lens has a larger focal length than the first (f2 > f1). What does the beam look like when it emerges from the second lens?
A B A. The beam is converging B. The beam is diverging Cparallel to the axis with a width < w C. The beam is 1 D D. The beam is parallel to the axis with a width = w1 E

E. The beam is parallel to the axis with a width > w1

1.

Parallel rays are transmitted and pass through focal point (f1) 2. Those rays also pass through focal point of second lens (f2) and therefore are transmitted parallel to the axis. 3. f2 > f1 implies that the width > w1
Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 10

Normal Eye

Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 11

Checkpoint 2
A person with normal vision (near point 28 cm) is standing in front of a plane mirror. What is the closest distance to the mirror the person can stand and still see herself in focus? A. 14 cm B. 28 cm C. 56 cm

The virtual image will be twice as far away from the person as the person is from the mirror.

It can't be any closer than 28cm, but it should be fine at it.

The distance will need to be doubled in order to see the person in focus.

Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 12

Checkpoint 2
A person with normal vision (near point 28 cm) is standing in front of a plane mirror. What is the closest distance to the mirror the person can stand and still see herself in focus? A. 14 cm B. 28 cm C. 56 cm

r i

d
The image is formed an equal distance BEHIND the mirror Therefore, if you stand a distance = of your near point, the distance to the image will be the near point distance.

Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 13

Far-sighted

Converging Lens creates virtual image at persons near point

Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 14

Near-sighted

Fix with diverging lens that creates virtual image at far point.
Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 15

Checkpoint 1
Two people who wear glasses are camping. One of them is nearsighted and the other is farsighted. Which persons glasses will be useful in starting a fire with the suns rays? A. The farsighted persons glasses B. The nearsighted persons glasses

My glasses have never started a fire and I am nearsighted. That has to count for

something. Also, magnifying glasses seem like it would be closer to a farsighted person's glasses and tv characters are always using them ...you'd let a nearsighted guy without his glasses on attempt to start a fire?.

Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 16

Checkpoint 1
Two people who wear glasses are camping. One of them is nearsighted and the other is farsighted. Which persons glasses will be useful in starting a fire with the suns rays? A. The farsighted persons glasses B. The nearsighted persons glasses

Farsighted = Converging Lens Only Converging Lens can produce a REAL IMAGE !!

Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 17

The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope

Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 18

How to make a big telescope mirror Melt it & spin it

52,000 lbs of borosilicate glass when filled

Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 19

A big telescope mirror

Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 20

What to do with a big telescope mirror: A system of lenses and mirrors

Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 21

Multiple Lenses Exercises

Two converging lenses are set up as shown. The focal length of each lens is 47 cm. The object is a light bulb located 70 cm in front of the first lens.

s1=70 cm f=47 cm

What is the nature of the image from the first lens alone?
(A) REAL UPRIGHT (B) REAL INVERTED (C) VIRTUAL UPRIGHT (D) VIRTUAL INVERTED

EQUATIONS
1 1 1 = s f s
s>f
M = s s
s = fs s f

PICTURES
Draw Rays as above

s > 0 M<0

real image inverted image

Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 22

Multiple Lenses Exercises

Two converging lenses are set up as shown. The focal length of each lens is 47 cm. The object is a light bulb located 70 cm in front of the first lens.
Lens separation = 2 m s1 = 70 cm f = 47 cm s1 = 1.43 m

What is the object distance s2 for lens 2?

(A) s2 = -1.43 m (B) s2 = +1.43 m

(C) s2 = -0.57 m

(D) s2 = +0.57 m (E) s2 = +2.7 m

THE OBJECT FOR THE SECOND LENS IS THE IMAGE OF THE FIRST LENS

s2 = -0.57 OR s2 = +0.57

Image of first lens is a REAL object for the second lens

Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 23

Multiple Lenses Exercises

Two converging lenses are set up as shown. The focal length of each lens is 47 cm. The object is a light bulb located 70 cm in front of the first lens.
Lens separation = 2 m

s1=70 cm f=47 cm (A) REAL UPRIGHT (B) REAL INVERTED (C) VIRTUAL UPRIGHT

s1 = 1.43 m s2 = 0.57 m (D) VIRTUAL INVERTED

What is the nature of the FINAL image in terms of the ORIGINAL object?

EQUATIONS
s2 = fs2 s2 f

PICTURES
Draw Rays as above

s2 > f
M2 = s2 s2

s2 > 0 M2 < 0

real image M = M1M2 > 0 upright image

RESULTS
s2 = 2.69 m

M = 9.6

Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 24

Multiple Lenses Exercises

Suppose we increase the initial object distance to 74 cm
Lens separation = 2 m s1=74 cm f=47 cm RESULTS s1 : 1.43 m 1.29 m

How does the L, the distance to the FINAL image, change?

(A) L increases (B) L decreases

s2 : 2.69 m 1.38 m

(C) L remains the same

Step through images, one at a time WORDS

Increasing s1 will decrease s1 (moving closer to focal point would increase the image distance) Decreasing s1 will increase s2 Increasing s2 will decrease s2

EQUATIONS
1 1 1 = s1 f s1 1 increases s1

s2 = 2 m s1
1 1 1 = s2 f s2

s2 increases
1 increases s2

Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 25

Multiple Lenses Exercises

Suppose we now decrease the initial object distance to 58 cm. Applying the lens equation, we find s1 = 2.48m
Lens separation = 2 m

(A) s2 = -0.48 m

What is the object distance s2 for lens 2?

(B) s2 = +0.48 m

s1 = 58 cm f = 47 cm s1 = 2.48 m (D) s2 = +2.48 m (E) s2 = +2.58 m

(C) s2 = -2.48 m

THE OBJECT FOR THE SECOND LENS IS THE IMAGE OF THE FIRST LENS

s2 = -0.48 OR s2 = +0.48

Image of first lens is a VIRTUAL object for the second lens

Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 26

Multiple Lenses Exercises

Suppose we now decrease the initial object distance to 58 cm. Applying the lens equation, we find s1 = 2.48m
Lens separation = 2 m s1=58 cm f=47 cm s1 = 2.48 m s2 = -0.48 m

What is the nature of the FINAL image in terms of the ORIGINAL object?
(A) REAL UPRIGHT (B) REAL INVERTED (C) VIRTUAL UPRIGHT (D) VIRTUAL INVERTED

EQUATIONS
s2 = fs2 s2 f

PICTURES
Draw Rays as above

s2 < 0
M2 = s2 s2

s2 > 0 M2 > 0

real image M = M1M2 < 0 inverted image

RESULTS
s2 = 0.24 m

M = -2.1

Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 27

Course Review on Tuesday

The most popular topics
Electric Fields/Gauss Law/Potential Faradays Law RC/RL Circuits AC Circuits

Selected old exam problems

Notes on the End Game

Final Exam: 50 questions uniformly covering topics in course

should have already chosen combined/conflict

Dont forget to check room assignments!!

About 40 students still have not registered their iclicker Do it now or accept all zeroes for lectures Course Grade: See Course Description link on homepage

Physics 212 Lecture 28, Slide 28