Unit 6 Indepedence Movements/Shifting Balance of Power

In this unit we will cover how colonized areas of Asia, India, the Middle East and Africa won their independence. The colonies used different ways to resist and fight for independence. There were many consequences of the imperial control and influence that Western nations had on their colonies. These impacts of imperialism played out in a global community during the second half of the 20th century.
The following are terms and questions that you should use to focus your reading and study. These are terms and questions you will be expected to answer knowledgeably and extensively by the end of the unit. These terms and questions are primarily for your own use, but may be turned in as an optional assignment 2 days before the unit test. Your answers must be complete and in your own words (cutting and pasting from online sources will not be sufficient). Please type your answers. Please dont squeeze answers onto sheet.

Terms: By the end of this unit, you should be able to define each term within the context of the unit. Chapter and section numbers are underlined. Completion while you do the reading, may be more time efficient and guide learning. Readings Chapter 25.2 (pgs. 832-833) & Ch 31.2 (pgs. 1018-1020) (India) Chapter 25.1 & 30.2 (Middle East) Chapter 25.2 (pgs. 828-830) & 30.1 (Africa) Chapter 25.2 (page 831), 25.3 & 31.1 (China) India: Chapter 25.2 & 31.2 Mohandas Gandhi Mahatma Civil disobedience Jawaharlal Nehru Principle of nonalignment Sikhs Pakistan Bangladesh Pan-Arabism Anwar el-Sadat OPEC Yasir Arafat Intifada Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini Iraq Saddam Hussein Kuwait Osmam bin Laden Al-Qaeda Africa: Chapter 25.2 & 30.1 Kenya Pan-Africanism Ghana Kwame Nkrumah South Africa Apartheid Jomo Kenyatta Julius Nyerere Liberia Nigeria AIDS Rwanda
Democratic Republic of the Congo

Sudan Nelson Mandela Desmond Tutu

M. East: Chapter 25.1 &

30.2 genocide Ethnic cleansing Ataturk Reza Shah Pahlavi Iran Ibn Saud Saudi Arabia Palestine Balfour Declaration Zionists Israel Gamal Abdel Nasser

China: Ch 25.2, 25.3 & 31.1 Sun Yat-sen Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong Peoples Liberation Army Redistribution of Wealth Great Leap Forward Communes Permanent revolution Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution Little Red Book Red Guards Deng Xiaoping Tiananmen Square One-child polic

Focus questions
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. How did World War I change the Middle East? How did many Africans react to colonial powers after World War I? What was the result of internal conflicts within the nationalist movements in China? What challenges faced newly independent countries in Africa? What conditions led to conflicts in the Middle East? Be specific. How do large organizations accomplish their goals while protecting individual rights? What conflicts can erupt in a country once the threat of a common oppressor is removed?