RECENT ADVANCES IN GIC

    

Anhydrous GIC Resin Modified GIC Nano Ionomex GIC Compomer Ceramic Reinforced GIC

Anhydrous GIC y y y y y The liquid delivered freeze dried form incorporated into the powder. The liquid used clean water only enhance shelf-life - facilitate mixing. Another alternative use dilute tartaric acid as liquid dehydrated poly acrylic acid in powder. Alternatives make it possible poly acrylic acid with the higher molecular weight(wt) improving physical properties. Anhydrous misnomer not possible ion transfer occur in any material absence of water.

Resin Modified GIC y y y y These have a s mall quantity resin into liquid formula. Less than 1% of photo initiators allowed setting reaction initiated by light. Advantages : Early resistance to water uptake Enhanced translucency. Resin HEMA incorporated into the liquid (15-25%) powder liquid ratio 3:1  Setting Reaction y y y y y Setting reaction similar to acid-base reaction slightly slower pace. Ionomer salt hydrogel formed with a poly HEMA matrix possibility of multiple cross linking between the two matrices. Poly HEMA matrix stimulated by light activation oxidation / reduction reaction continue through remaining unreacted resin chains. Designated as a tri-care setting reaction. Setting rate depends on :  Temperature of the mixing slab  Powder liquid ratio

Nano Ionomer y y Delivers greater weak resistance esthetics polish - offering fluoride release similar to conventional resin-modified glass ionomer. First-ever paste paste glass ionomer product designed to be quickly and easily be mixed and dispensed using dispenser.

Compomer y y y y y y y Developed by the manufacturer claims some properties of a glass ionomer with a composite resin. A compomer is a composite resin that uses an ionomer glass which is the major constituent of a glass ionomer as the filler. Also a small quantity dehydrated poly alkenoic acid. Filler particle held within an anhydrous resin matrix complex absence of water. Hence no ion exchange, acid/base setting reaction material remains inert. The setting reaction light activated no acid-base reaction until water uptake. After water uptake ion exchange occurs between the glass and the rehydrated poly alkenoic acid followed by a low-grade fluoride release but not sustained at a higher level. Since fluoride uptake cannot take place compomer cannot be regarded fluoride reservoir. Most significant difference is the absence of an ion exchange adhesion. The adhesive system used is based on acid etch / resin bond system. Finally percentage of filler is relatively low however, both water uptake and wear factor are relatively high.  Setting Reaction of Compomer y Essentially two different systems initiating polymerization. y The original materials chemically activated however exhibited undesirable color shift. y Subsequently light activation was developed proven to be color stable. y Also possible to combine two systems. Ceramic Reinforced Glass Ionomer y y y y y Features: Stronger - Compressive Flexural Tensile strength. Main Advantage Excellent wear characteristics. Other features superior radiopacity high level fluoride release good biocompatibility natural adhesion to tooth structure. Excellent for: i) Core build ups and ii) Posterior restorations. Available in i) White and ii) an universal tooth shade.

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Water mix powder/liquid versions are available. Material mainly designed to match strength and durability of amalgam. Presently available Amalgomer CR.

RECENT ADVANCES IN COMPOSITES

 INTRODUCTION

Variations developed based largely upon filler particles and their size distribution.  Flowable composites.  Packable composites. Flowable composites

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Term flowable indicate a composite resin relatively simple to place into a cavity. Mainly used in the case of a deciduous tooth. Flowability of the composite improved by reducing the filler content. They are versatile materials used for a variety of restorative and preventive applications.

Uses y y y y y To penetrate small pits and grooves in teeth avoiding the need to remove additional tooth structure. Containing fluoride ideally suited as caries prevention sealants for children. Low viscosity resins have gained popularity for a variety of applications including restoring tooth surfaces. Sometimes advocated as thin liner under composite resin for posterior restorations. Used as a liner acceptable if used as a thin layer.

Commercially available flowable composites include: y y y Dyract flow (Dentsply Caulk) Filtek flow (3M EPSE) Tetric flow (Ivoclar Vivadent)

Properties y y y y Lower filler volumes (45 70 w/v %) Same particle size as hybrids composites. Lower viscosity / stiffness as compared to hybrid composites. High polymerization shrinkage.

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Low wear resistance. Bond strength 8 10 MPa. Most contain fluoride and are designed as sealants but used as restorative materials. Radiopacity is important if to be used in base of proximal box of class II preparation. Flowable composites radiopacity more than enamel are:  Tetric-flow  Flow-it  Crystal-Essence.

 Recent Advancements y New flowable composite denfil flow has shown an acceptable shear bond strength for bonding orthodontic brackets when used with an intermediate unfilled low viscosity resin. Also shows a good viscosity for use with no preliminary adhesive. Reduces the total time of bonding procedure while maintaining clinically useful bond strength.

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Packable Composites y y y y  Term has been introduced to differentiate from a standard hybrid composite resin. Difference achieved by varying the particle size and size distribution through the water uptake and wear factor will remain standard and unacceptable. Main difference feel of the material when being placed into the cavity. The material is less likely to stick to the packing instrument.

Chemically Activated Systems y y y Materials marketed as two paste or powder / liquid systems. One part contain an initiator benzoyl peroxide other part contains tertiary aromatic amine accelerates combination of two parts will yield free radicals. Radicals initate polymerization.

Visible light Activated Systems

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Single paste visible contain a two component initiator system a diketone and a tertiary amine. The photo sensitive diketone 0.2-0.7% camphoroquinone absorbs the radiant energy of wavelength approximately 470 nm. At the appropriate stage diketone combines with the amine to form a complex that breaks down to release free radicals that then initiate polymerization of the resin.

Other Systems

y Dual activated composites. CONVENTIONAL RESIN MODIFIED GIC GIC HIGH FLOURIDE RELEASE LOW STRENGTH POOR ESTHETICS LOW WEAR RESISTANCE

COMPOMER

COMPOSITE LOW FLOURIDE RELEASE HIGH STRENGTH EXCELLENT ESTHETICS HIGH WEAR RESISTANCE