3G/4G & NEXT GENERATION MOBILE TECHNOLOGY

ABSTRACT:
The Third-Generation (3G) wireless technologies offer wireless web, SMS, MMS, EDGE, WCDMA, GPRS etc. 4G is a packet switched technology, uses bandwidth much more efficiently, allowing each user's packets to compete for available bandwidth. It solves the non-standardization problems associated with 3G. Data transfer rate will be 20 to 100 Mbps, which is 10 to 50 times than 3G and 10-20 times faster than ADSL. Operating frequency range will be 3 to 10 GHz and the IPv6 protocol will be used. In this paper, fundamentals of 4G and their various proposed architectures are explained. In India it can be used to network rural and urban areas, reduce cost of communication, flourish educational activities, facilitate research and development, faster internet connectivity, more cellular options, real time information systems, crisis management, Tele-medicines and many more. The present 3G networks need not to be discarded, and can be used in conjunction with 4G technology. There are various architectures proposed that can be used to deploy 4G. generation, as the name suggests, follows two earlier generations (1G & 2G). At the moment 3G is a wellestablished mainstream mobile technology around the world. What is 4G? Following the evolutionary line of cell phone technology standards that has spanned from 1G, 2G, 2.5G to 3G, 4G describes the entirely brave new world beyond advanced 3G networks. the third generation 4G, which is also known as beyond 3G or fourth-generation cell phone technology, refers to the entirely new evolution and a complete 3G replacement in wireless communications. Just as data-transmission speed increased from 2G to 3G, the leap from 3G to 4G again promises even higher data rates than existed in previous generations. 4G promises voice, data and high-quality multimedia in real-time (streamed) form all the time and anywhere.

INTRODUCTION:
What is 3G? 3G refers to the third generation of mobile telephony (that is, cellular) technology. The third
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SYSTEM/PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE:

Above the core is what we call a highlevel control layer. It is important to specify not only what this layer does but what it does not do. In particular, it does not provide functions for routing or call path setup, unlike the control layer of SS7 in the PSTN, but leaves that to the core. It focuses on functions that can be made available to applications and overlay network elements, such as access to decision points for AAA, agents for mobility management, and role and rule assignment for policy management. ACCESS NETWORKS: Below the core is a collection of access networks that serve different market niches and needs. The 4G RAN is the evolution of the current RAN toward higher data rates, support for interactivity and multimedia, and distributed control elements interconnected by an IP network.

The Core Network: The XG architecture contains a core IP network that has relatively little intelligence. Thus, most core network functions, such as routing, are handled by existing and evolving IP technology.

OVERLAY LAYER: Finally, the XG architecture has an Overlay layer that provides higherlayer functionality and support services for applications, such as Application Layer Multicast (ALM), location services, and content distribution.

THE HIGH LAYER:

LEVEL

CONTROL

GENERATION NETWORK:

OF

MOBILE

HISTORY:

EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY:

MOBILE

First generation (1G): Analog voice systems Second Generation (2G): Digital voice systems Second Generation advanced (2.5G): Combining voice and data communications Third Generation (3G): Digital voice and data communications y Developing a more general mobile network y Handling Internet access, email, messaging, multimedia.

y Access to any services (voice, video, data, etc.) y Requires high quality transmission Fourth Generation (4G): y All-IP mobile networks y Ubiquitous wireless communications y Transparent to any services y Integrating multi-networks

APPLICATIONS: Voice:
- Voice is and remains the most important type of application in mobile telecommunications. - The most important features of ASCI include the following: Voice broadcast service (VBS): the capacity for a single mobile to talk to a group of mobiles; Voice group call service (VGCS): the capacity for a group of mobiles to talk to each other; Enhanced multilevel priority and preemption (EMLPP): The fact that urgent calls can preempt less urgent calls.

Commercial services Coupons or offers from nearby stores Network internal Traffic & coverage measurements Lawful intercept extensions Law enforcement locates suspect Location (in 3D), speed and direction With timestamp Security & Privacy authorized clients, secure info exchange, privacy control by user and/or operator

Games Games will be another major application segment in 3G/4G. Now-adays every gaming technology is almost based on this technology. As mobile gaming is increasing day by day this technology is deeply rooted into it. Electronic Agents: Electronic agents are supposed to play an important role for mobile working in the future as agents are dispatched to carry out searches and tasks on the Internet and report back to their owners. They will be e-assistance, esecretaries, e-advisors, e-administrators etc. This kind of control is what home automation applications anticipate. Dating Applications: These are already very popular in Asia. It can be a simple bulletin board with dating adverts combined with an anonymous e-mail server, or it could be a lonely-hearts mobile chat room. Adult Entertainment:

Messaging:
Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS) Text, sounds, images, and video Transition from Short Message Service (SMS) Open Internet standards for messaging

Internet Access
Web Applications Information portals Wireless Markup Language (WML) with signals using Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)

Location-Based Applications
Emergency services E911 - Enhanced 911 Value-added personal services Friend finder, directions

And the last in this list, but certainly not the least profitable, is the adult entertainment sector. This is the most profitable entertainment business in general, and it will remain so in 3G. The premiums will be very high.

PROSPECTS:
Evolutionary approach may yield opportunities for the 3G/4G. Emphasis on heterogeneous networks capitalizes on past investments. Strategic alliance and coalition opportunities with traditional nontelecommunication industries. Sophisticated and mature commercialization of 3G/4G technology would encourage more applications of e-commerce and mcommerce. Worldwide economy recover stimulates consumption and consumer confidence, therefore bring in opportunities for telecommunication sections. It is expected and predicted that consumers will continue to replace handsets with newer technology at a fast rate. Desirable higher data capacity rates, the growth opportunity for 3G/4G is very bright and hopeful. 5G (Real wireless world) (completed WWWW: World Wide Wireless Web): - The idea of WWWW, World Wide Wireless Web, is started from 4G technologies. The following evolution will based on 4G and completed its idea to form a REAL wireless world. Thus, 5G should make an important difference and add more services and benefit to the world over 4G; 5G should be a more intelligent technology that interconnects the entire world without limits.

ADVANTAGES:
3G/4G visions take into account installed base and past investments. Strong position of telecommunications vendors expected in the marketplace. Faster data transmission and higher bit rate and bandwidth, allow more business applications and commercialization. Has advantage for personalized multimedia communication tools.

LIMITATIONS:
No large user community for advanced mobile data applications yet. Growing divergence between telecommunications vendors and operators. Not possible to offer full internet experience due to limited speed and bandwidth. Comparatively higher cost to use and deploy infrastructure compared fast mobile generation. Since 3G mobile is still in the market, 4G reduces the market competition in the mobile industry.

CONCLUSION:
This term paper was based to differentiate between 3G & 4G. 4G just right started from 2002 and there are many standards and technologies, which are still in developing process. Therefore, no one can really sure what the future 4G will look like and what services it will offer to people. 4G is the evolution based on 3Gs limitation and it will fulfill the idea of WWWW(5G), World Wide Wireless Web, offering more services and smooth global roaming with inexpensive cost.