Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-7891989, 0333-5319544 e-mail: shahzad2sunny@hotmail.com website: www.eservicespakistan.

com PHYSICS FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 7) ============================================================ Read Instructions before study: Bullet means you have to write the answer in paragraph shape and you could not change the sequence. Bullets are used only for your ease. i) Roman numbered, question may be written as it is. However sequence can be changed. *** This item should not be written in answer. It is just a hint for you. Pay more attention on the bold text in answers. =*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=

THEORY
Question: What is circular motion? When an object is moving in a circular path, then its motion is said to be the circular motion. For example motion of blades of fan. Question: Describe the centripetal force? When an object moves in circle. It experiences a force, which keeps it moving in circular path. This force is called centripetal force. It can be defined as: A force, which acts on an object moving in a circle and is directed towards the center of the circle If mass of object is m moving with velocity v in a circle of radius r then centripetal force is: Fc = mv2 r Question: Define centripetal acceleration? Acceleration produced by centripetal force is called centripetal acceleration. Question: Describe the Centrifugal Force? As per Newtons third law of motion for every action there is always an equal but opposite reaction. So centripetal force pulls the object towards the center of the circle. As a reaction another force appears at the center of the circle, which is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. This outward reaction is called centrifugal force. Fr = mv2 r Question: Write down the applications of centripetal force? Banking of Roads: A car requires centripetal force while taking turn in circular path. In the absence of this force car will skid off the road to the outer side due to inertia. Therefore level of outer bank of a round track is kept slightly higher to provide centripetal force to traffic. Centrifuge: We know that if centripetal force remains short than it is required then object moves away from the center. Centrifuge work on this principal. It is useful laboratory instrument. It is used to separate light and heavy particles form a mixture. Dryer or Washing Machine: It also works on principal of centrifuge. It consists of long cylinder. This cylinder contains hundreds of small holes in its wall. Wet clothes are piled into cylinder. This cylinder is rotated along its axis. Water moves outwards to the walls of cylinder and is drained out form holes. In this way clothes becomes dry quickly. Question: Define and explain the law of gravitation? This law states that: ============================================================
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Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-7891989, 0333-5319544 e-mail: shahzad2sunny@hotmail.com website: www.eservicespakistan.com PHYSICS FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 7) ============================================================

Every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. Let two bodies A and B of masses m1 and m2. Let d is the distance between their centers. Force between them as per Newtons Law of gravitation is: F m1 F m2 F F F = 1 d2 m1m2 d2

G m1m2 d2 Where G is the gravitational constant. Its value is 6.67x10-11 Nm2/Kg2. Question: Derive the mass of earth with the help of Newtons law of gravitation? Let the mass of earth is M. A body of mass m is placed on earth. It the distance between the centers of earth and that body is R, then due to Newtons law of gravitation: Mm F = G ---R2 Weight of the object is equal to force of gravity F = w = mg So, by putting the values mg = G Mm ---R2 GM ---R2 GR2 ---G

We know that; g R G = = = 10 ms-2 6.4 x 106 m 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2Kg-2

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Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-7891989, 0333-5319544 e-mail: shahzad2sunny@hotmail.com website: www.eservicespakistan.com PHYSICS FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 7) ============================================================

So, by putting the values M = 10 x (6.4 x 106) -----------------6.67 x 10-11

M = 6 x 1024 Kg Question: What is variation of g with altitude? The value of g at a given place depends upon the distance from the center of earth. Grater the distance form the center of the earth, smaller will be the value of g. Question: Define orbital velocity? It is the velocity of a satellite, which moves around the earth at a specific height Question: What will happen, if the earth suddenly stops revolving around the Sun? All the bodies on earth will destroy. Due to circular motion of earth, bodies also move along with. On stopping of earth bodies will collapse with each other. Question: What is relationship between centripetal and centrifugal force? Centrifugal force is a dependent force. It exists as long as centripetal force acts on a body. Question: What is cream separator? It is device which work on the principal of centrifuge. It is used to separate the cream from the milk. Question: What is weight of the body placed at distance equal to the radius of earth from surface of earth? Its weight is reduced to one fourth. Question: How would acceleration due to gravity vary while going on the surface of earth from equator to poles? The acceleration due to gravity increases when we go from equator to poles. Question: Can a body move along a circle without centripetal force? No. Question: What are the factors on which centripetal force depends? Mass m of body. Radius of circle. Speed of body. Question: A body thrown upward always falls on ground. Explain it? In beginning it move upward because it is supplied with energy. When its energy ends it cannot move upward anymore. So its velocity becomes zero and after that it start moving towards earth due to gravitational force. =*=*=*=*= More works/Tasks: Do Exercise from your Book. Do Objectives from book & from any other objective book. Do Numerical with the help of your teacher. Do Interesting Information from book. Do Scientific Reasons with the help of teacher.
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