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Super Video Compact Disc

Super Video Compact Disc


A Technical Explanation
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Super Video CD

History • Demonstration players and discs to


promote the standard.
CD is one of the major new • Authoring tools to produce demo,
technological steps of this century. test, and commercial discs.
Beginning as a pure , high-quality sound For checking the compliance and
MPEG2 on reproduction system, it rapidly compatibility of players and discs is
developed into a whole family of
COMPACT DISC systems, with applications extending
needed:
across to multimedia data storage and • A set ( suite ) of test discs with test
distribution. The CD-ROM XA format each function described in the
There is a market need for a makes it possible to combine normal standard at least once and if
standardized full digital Compact computer data files with real-time achievable also the most important
Disc based video reproduction multimedia files offering an additional combinations of content and
system. 14% capacity. The format is platform applications within the scope of the
independent to allow additional CD-DA standard. These discs are used for
tracks ( CD-Extra) and to be played on a player development and
The Super Video-CD standard multimedia-computer. All new formats manufacturing, as well as for
upgrades the current Video-CD since 1990 have been based on the XA testing players that give problems
format. in the market.
format. It utilizes better Video and
• A prototype test player, to play
Audio Quality. It also standard demo and test discs, and for player
includes extensions for surround Standardisation production development.
sound multi-channel audio, The purpose for a formal CD disc • A disc verifier tool to check if
provisions for PC playback, and standard is to achieve full worldwide authoring systems and produced
is prepared for further future compatibility between Players and discs are compliant with the
improvements. It is also based on Discs, so that all discs can play on all standard.
variable bit rate (VBR) MPEG2 players. The standard is a disc format
coding for more efficient use of specification, specifying the physical, White Book standard
the disc capacity. optical, disc organization, data retrieval, The first MPEG-1 application introduced
content formats, metadata, and API’s on in the world was Karaoke-CD in Japan,
the disc. It is an implicit player or later followed by Digital Video on CD-i
The objective of this standards is authoring systems specification. How to and Video-CD in USA and Europe.
further to ensure the best price/ implement a player is up to each Today the largest Video-CD market is in
manufacturer, but a customer is
performance combination China.
expecting that the player (or drive) can
possible with the latest state of support at least all the mandatory disc The Video-CD system adds a new
the art technology available, and functions and features. dimension to the film and music video
to offer more flexibility for business. It offers up to 74 minutes of
For the format to become successful and motion video combined with CD quality
publishers to use the best video/ accepted, it must fulfill the given market stereo sound packed onto a one 12 cm
audio quality given its limited and user requirements next to the optical disc. For music video this allows
bandwidth and disc capacity. availability of attractive publishing for the same amount of music material
content. as on a conventional CD-Digital Audio
For the introduction of a new standard is disc, but now also with digital video. A
Super Video-CD is in the process needed: full length feature film up to 140 min can
of IEC standardisation. (IEC • A complete detailed specification. be offered in a standard 2 disc package.
62107). All essential parameters have to be Surround sound, direct chapter access,
well defined. single step and other sophisticated
• Agreement on the specification with functions are available.
all involved partners and The basic features of Video-CD are;
stakeholders.
Disc formats Partners Features User benefits
CD Digital Audio 1983 Philips, Sony 2 x 16 bit PCM coded audio, 99 ease of use, sound quality, robust, small
(CD-DA) tracks, format, durable
72 minutes playing time
CD ROM 1985 Philips, DEC reliable 660 MB storage ease of use, compact, fast read, multimedia
files, games
CD-ROM XA based formats
CD Interactive 1990 Philips, Sony, Microware Interactive User control Interactive TV programs, games
(CD-i)
Photo CD 1992 Philips, Kodak CD Recordable archiving, TV view, zoom, desktop authoring
on PC
Video CD 1.1 1993 Philips, JVC Movies Karaoke smaller disc, lower cost, digital, multi-platform
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Video CD 2.0 1995 Philips, Sony, Matsushita, pictures, menus, playlists HiRes pictures, interactive playback control
JVC
Video CD-ROM 1996 Philips, Sony, Matsushita, PC / MAC program files plays on MPC with SW MPEG decoder, no
JVC extra costs
Video CD-Internet 1997 Philips, Sony, Matsushita, Hybrid publishing on CD and WWW fast access to multimedia (a/v) files
JVC, Hitachi
Super Video CD 1998 Philips, Sony, Matsushita, MPEG-2 video, VBR, overlay better video resolution, subtitling, multilingual 2
JVC graphics
Super Video CD

Super Video CD specifications stream is typically 45%, which is used


IEC62107 for the resolution improvement.
MPEG-2 Video
CD-ROM CD-ROM characteristics MPEG 2 Much better picture quality is achieved
volume and file system data interchange coding A/V coding by using MPEG-2 instead of MPEG-1
ISO9660 ISO 10149 (Yellow Book) ISO 13818-1/2/3 coding, and by interlaced double vertical
resolution of 480 lines for NTSC and
576 lines for PAL.
CD characteristics MPEG 1 Two Audio streams
physical and logical coding Audio coding One extra MPEG audio stream has
ISO 908 (Red Book) ISO 111172-3 been added for a second language. The
Audio streams are selectable by the
user, and VBR coding is used for a more
CD-DA quality audio ( stereo / 2 mono ), also includes extensions for surround efficient compression.
Full quality video ( MPEG-1 ), PAL / sound multi-channel audio, more
NTSC compatible format, Playing time interactivity, Internet connectivity, PC Surround Sound Multi-channel
of 74 minutes per disc, Fast Track ( and playback, and is prepared for further Audio
Index ) access, Album support ( multi future improvements. As backward compatible extension in
disc ), Multi platform standard. It's also based on using variable bit rate included Movie surround sound MPEG-
The system uses the ISO MPEG-1 ( VBR ) MPEG-2 coding for more 2 Multi-Channel (5+1 channels ) coding.
standard audio/video coding technology efficient use of the disc capacity. The Overlay Graphics
to realize the full screen full motion plying time per disc can vary from 35 New Overlay Graphics for Movie sub-
pictures with associated high quality minutes to more than 70 minutes titling and Karaoke lyrics, with up to four
audio. The MPEG-1 standard for depending on the average bit rate used. selectable (language / lyrics) sub-
compression and decompression of The Super Video CD format is based on channels, and Karaoke highlight color
digital video data is an enabling the CD-ROM XA disc format. Super change support.
technology that makes it possible to Video CD discs can be played on, Super
include full-motion video in consumer, Video CD players, and other compliant
computer and communications products hardware and software platforms. It may SVCD disc structure
for the first time. The data delivery rate include application programs for a The Disc format is compliant with CD-
for a TV studio signal, as specified by variety of platforms. ROM XA, and can be a pre-mastered
the international standard CCIR 601, is disc or a CD-Recordable disc. All tracks
165Mbit/sec. For a normal CD the of the Program Area are encoded as
delivery rate is 1.4 Mbit/sec. The Improvements CD-ROM XA data tracks. The first track
ingenious achievement of MPEG lies in on the disc is a special DATA track with
compressing such data rates to within data retrieval information and interactive
CD delivery capacity. Improvements of the Super Video CD
playback MPEG sequences. The
The Video CD standard admit to use one standard specification compared to
MPEG-2 streams on disc are recorded
or more tracks (sequences) and well as VIDEO CD 2.0 standard specification
in MPEG tracks, and are intended to be
for entries within a track (sequences). In Variable bitrate (VBR) played sequentially starting from Track
this context a track is an A/V sequence The variable bit rate ( VBR ) may vary up #2 . A Karaoke / Music application has
with one or more entry points and one to double (2X) speed. For a 2 disc movie normally one track per song. This
exit point. This feature allows the title of 110 minutes, the gain of the means that song number 1 is recorded
publisher of Music video and Karaoke average bit rate of the MPEG video in Track #2, and song number 2 in Track
discs that songs can be selected
individual as well as be played in a long Item Super Video CD Video CD 2.0
sequences (e.g. Life concert or movie) Sector rate variable up to 150 Hz ( 2X fixed to 75 Hz
where the user can start at a selected speed )
place and continue till the end. CDDA tracks not used optional
Data retrieval
File locations Fixed locations fixed locations
Super Video CD CDI sub-directory not used mandatory
The target for this new Super Video CD, Video MPEG-2 MPEG-1
standard is to ensure the best price / bit rate (mbps) variable up to 2.6 1.15
performance combination possible with resolution NTSC (HxV) 480 x 480 352 x 240
resolution PAL (HxV) 480 x 576 352 x 288
the latest state of the art technology
Still Picture MPEG-2 MPEG-1
available, and to offer more flexibility for resolution NTSC (HxV) 480 x 480, 704 x 480 352 x 240, 704 x 480
publishers to use the best video / audio resolution PAL (HxV) 480 x 576, 704 x 576 352 x 288, 704 x 576
quality given the limited disc capacity. Audio MPEG-1, layer II MPEG-1, layer II
The standard has been specified to bit rate from 32 to 384 kbps fixed to 224 kbps
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allow for cost optimized Super Video CD audio channels up to 2 stereo or 4 mono 1 stereo or 2 mono
players. This specification is an upgrade surround sound MPEG-2 (5+1) extension stereo with Dolby pro-logic
of the Video CD 2.0 standard utilizing Overlay Graphics and overlay video plane not used
better Video and Audio quality by text
MPEG-2 coding, as well as new Overlay sub-channels <= 4 N/A
coding 4 color CLUT ( 2bit / pixel ) N/A
Graphics functions for multi-lingual
Karaoke lyrics or Movie sub-titling. It SVCD compared with Video-CD 2.0 3
Super Video CD

Lead-In Area Items may occupy one or more Video CD disc. Additional files can exist
Track #1 SVCD DATA track segments. Segment Play Items are not within the directories shown.
Track #2 accessed directly by the normal track
... SVCD MPEG tracks playing mechanism, but indirectly by SVCD directory
Track #nn interpretation of the Play Sequence This directory contains the files from the
Lead-Out Area Descriptor file. Super Video CD Information Area. The
No MPEG-1 or CD-DA tracks are allowed.
required mandatory files in the SVCD
directory are "INFO.VCD" ,
MPEG track format "ENTRIES.VCD", SEARCH.DAT and
#3, and so on. A Movie could have
different coded parts of INTRO, #N-1 <------ TRACK # N -------> #N+1
COPYRIGHT, FILM, CREDITS, each Pause MPEG-2 Program Stream
stored in a separate track. The film itself
TOC value >
can be stored in one track with the
possibility to be subdivided into chapters Example of a MPEG Track:
within the one track.
All Tracks except the first Track should TRACKS.SVD. Optional files in the
be MPEG tracks. Each MPEG track SVCD directory are "PSD.VCD" and
DATA track format must contain only one MPEG-2 Program "LOT.VCD".
The DATA track contains Special Stream, stored in MPEG sectors, using
Information Areas, and a Segment Play Mode2 Form2 with 2324 user bytes. INFO.VCD file
Item Area intended for menus or This file of one sector contains the
interactive use, and other optional File system structure Super Video CD system identification
program data files. Data files use A Super Video CD disc contains two and a provision to identify the discs
Mode2, Form1 ( 2048 byte ) DATA different Data Retrieval Structures; The belonging to one Album. An Album is a
sectors, and MPEG files use Mode2, first is the File System structure conform series of discs which contain related
Form2 ( 2324 byte ) MPEG sectors. to CD-ROM XA, and ISO 9660, and a Audio/Video programs. It also contains
second Data Retrieval Structure is based information associated with the Play
Karaoke Basic Information Area on absolute sector addresses to the Sequence Descriptor ( PSD ).
A Super Video CD disc can contain the specific SVCD files
Karaoke Basic Information Area as an ENTRIES.VCD file
option. The data in the Karaoke Basic Directory structure This file of one Sector contains the list of
Information Area provides basic The required directories for a Super start positions of Entries in the MPEG-2
information to produce a quick reference Video CD disc are: Root directory 0, Audio/Video Tracks on the disc. The
table of the Karaoke music programs on "SVCD", "MPEG-2", and "EXT" Entry address values are used by the
the disc. directories. If Karaoke Basic Information PSD playlist to access Play segments in
is available on a disc, then these files the MPEG tracks. It's also used at linear
Information Area must be located in the directory playback for NEXT / PREVIOUS
The Super Video CD Information Area "KARAOKE". The SVCD Information chapter.
contains the files "INFO.VCD" and files must be located in the directory
"ENTRIES.VCD", “TRACKS.SVD” and "SVCD". If the Segment Play Items are SEARCH.DAT file
“SEARCH.DAT”. As an option it may available on the disc then these files Due to VBR coding and the nature of the
contain the files "LOT.VCD" and must be located in the directory buffering used in MPEG-2 video coding
"PSD.VCD". the relation between playing time and
"SEGMENT". All files that represent the sector address is not fixed. This file
Segment Play Item Area MPEG Audio/Video Tracks must be contains a list of Access Point sector
located in the directory "MPEG2". The addresses of the nearest Intra pictures
A Segment Play Item consists of a
"SCANDATA.DAT" file must be located on a regular time interval for the MPEG
MPEG-2 Program Stream (PS) stored in
in the "EXT" directory. Other files or tracks. This is usefull for features such
MPEG sectors. It may contain video,
directories may exist outside the as time search.
audio and still pictures conform to
required Ssuper Video CD directory
MPEG 2 Program Stream coding. The TRARKS.SVD file
hierarchy. The figure below gives an
Segment Play Item Area address is
example of the file structure for a SVuper This file contains content related
indicated in "INFO.VCD". Segment Play
information as the Playing time, Video
pre-gap 150 sectors system type, and number of audio
streams for each MPEG track on the
Unused Area 16 Empty sectors
disc.
Primary Volume Descriptor ISO 9660
PSD.VCD file
SVCD Information Area Disc Information "INFO.VCD" This file contains the data for the Play
Entry table "ENTRIES.VCD" Sequence Descriptor (PSD). The size of
List ID Offset table "LOT.VCD" the PSD may be variable, up to a
Play Sequence Descriptor "PSD.VCD"
maximum of 256 sectors or 512 KB.
Access point sector addresses “SEARCH.DAT”
Track Information “TRACKS.SVD” LOT.VCD file
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Segment Play Item Area Play Items ( Still Picture, Motion Picture, Audio ) in This 32 sectors file contains the List ID
segments of 150 sectors (option) Offset Table (LOT). The LOT associates
Other Files EXT directory List ID numbers with the corresponding
Playing time related access “SCANDATA.DAT”
List Offset values.
Clopsed Caption data “CAPTnn.DAT”
PC playback application MPEG-2 directory
4
Example of layout of the DATA Track #1.
Super Video CD

ROOT pictures, a PTS shall be coded for every


|-- SVCD still picture frame. For the case of
| |-- INFO.VCD graphics overlay, a PTS shall be coded
| |-- ENTRIES.VCD for every graphics page.
| |-- SEARCH.DAT
| |-- TRACKS.SVD MPEG-2 VIDEO format
| |-- PSD.VCD There are basically two types of Video
| |-- LOT.VCD encoded discs, namely either encoded
| from PAL or NTSC source video data,
|-- MPEG-2 however encoding may change from
| |-- AVSEQ01.MPG (track #2) track to track. The encoded video
| |-- AVSEQ02.MPG (track #3) stream is stored in MPEG sectors. For
| |-- AVSEQnn.MPG (track #nn+1) the coding of video, the constraints
| defined by MPEG for the Main Profile at
|-- SEGMENT Main Level (MP@ML) shall apply.
| |-- ITEM0001.MPG (segment item #1) The pack and packet structure for Still
| |-- ITEM0002.MPG (segment item #2) Pictures are the same as those specified
| |-- ITEMnnnn.MPG (segment item #nnnn) for Motion Pictures. Each still picture
| shall be encoded as an MPEG-2 Intra
|-- EXT Frame; see ISO 13818-2.
|-- SCANDATA.DAT
|-- CAPTnn.DAT MPEG AUDIO format
The PS stream may contain two audio
streams. The audio stream is selectable
This directory contains the files that The MPEG-2 Program Stream (PS) by the user. In the audio stream the left
represent the MPEG-2 encoded Audio/ contains multiplexed Video, Audio, and audio channel is encoded as MPEG
Video Tracks. Each MPEG-2 Track is Overlay Graphics data, compressed in Audio Channel zero (CH-0) and the right
represented by a file with the name Elementary streams in PES packets. audio channel as MPEG Audio channel
"AVSEQnn.MPG", where "nn" is the Variable Bit Rate (VBR) coding is a one (CH-1). For Karaoke use the dual
Sequence Number. The Sequence method to significantly increase the channel mode only is used for special
Numbers (nn) starts with number = 01, efficiency of MPEG-2 encoding, by music programs, with in one channel
and are incremented sequentially for adjusting the bit rate allocated based on the music without the vocal part and in
each recorded MPEG track. The file with the audio or video complexity. More bits the other channel the music with the
the name "AVSEQ01.MPG" corresponds are used to encode scenes which are vocal part; MPEG Audio channel one
to Sequence Number 1 and is the only difficult to compress; and less bits are will in this case contain the music with
file in Track number 2. used when the video or audio content is the vocal part.
SEGMENT directory easier to compress. For general use the dual channel mode
This directory is optional and contains Synchronization among the Elementary can be used for two separate languages
the files that represent the Segment Play streams is accomplished with without compromising video/audio
Items. Each Segment Play Item is Presentation Time Stamps (PTS) in the quality. The MPEG Audio channel CH-0
represented by a file with the name Program Stream in reference to a will in this case contain the default
"ITEMnnnn.MPG", where "nnnn" is the common System Clock Reference language. The table below shows the
Segment Play Item Number. (SCR). These time-stamps describe the application of the MPEG Audio
delivery time instances of when a pack is channels. It is only allowed to change
EXT directory taken from the track buffer and payload the audio Mode within one Sequence
This directory contains: is extracted and placed into the decoder between stereo and joint stereo.
SCANDATA.DAT file which is associated with the packet ID. MPEG audio can adapt the bit rate used
Used for playing time related access. SCR values are not a linear set of values by the encoder every audio frame ( 26.1
This file contains a list of Access Point as in Video CD 2.0, but are dictated by ms ) to the complexity of the sound to
sector addresses. For playing time the VBR packet scheduling.
access into a MPEG stream the sector Presentation times for video or audio Field Value
address can be found in the list by frames without an associated PTS will
Layer layer II only
looking up the sector address for the be interpolated based on the previous
corresponding time. PTS and display duration of the video or
Bit Rate (may vary from frame to
There is a sector address list for each audio frame. For the case of still frame)
MPEG track and for each motion picture mode = between 32 and 192
Segment Play item. VIDEO FRAME RATE RESOLU- single_channel kbps
TYPE TION
CAPTnn.DAT file. NTSC 29.97Hz 480 x 480 mode = between 64 and
For each track containing user data with PAL 25Hz 480 x 576 dual_channel 384kbps
Closed Caption information a file shall SVCD encoding formats. mode = between 64 and
be present
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stereo 384kbps
Other (CD-ROM) files may be included
in this directory, usually intended for NTSC PAL mode = between 64 and
computer based systems. joint_stereo 384kbps
horizontal_pixels x 480 x 480 480 x576 Sampling 44.1 kHz
vertical_lines 704 x 480 704 x 576 frequency
MPEG-2 Formats for still images MPEG1 (ISO 11172-3) audio formats 5
Super Video CD

Stereo program Special Karaoke music program ( dual_channel mode ) information. The Scan Information Data
CH-0 Left Mono without vocal is mandatory. On a Super Video CD
CH-1 Right Mono with vocal disc it is only allowed to encode user
Audio channel encoding data in the picture layer of the MPEG
Video stream.
be encoded. The use of VBR is optional The OGT page is displayed on top of the Scan Information Data
on the disc, but the decoder in the player Video picture. It is mandatory to encode Scan
must support this. Information in User data groups, and
Play Sequence Descriptor ( PSD ) they must be included as user data in
Simple pieces of music demand a low This is a set of control structures that the picture layer of all Intra pictures.
bit rate, while complex sound require a enables the playback of preprogrammed Scan Information data contains forward
higher one. When VBR is used, the sequences with user selection and and backward pointers to Sectors that
average bit rate correspond to the interaction. The PSD contains a set of contain the start of an Intra picture.
average sound complexity, but at basic control structures i.e. the Play List, Scan Information data is used for both
constant bit rate (CBR) the bit rate is set Selection List, and the End List.
for the most complex piece of sound. A Motion Pictures and Still Pictures.
typical gain is 30 to 40 %. The Play List defines a list of Play Items
that are played in sequence. A Play Item
Surround Sound can either be realized
by coding a Dolby Surround matrix
may be one of the following items PC PLAYBACK
encoded two-channel audio source with • The whole or part of an MPEG The Super Video CD is based on the
MPEG-1 Audio, or optionally by coding Audio / Video Track. CD-ROM-XA format. This format allows
a 5.1 channel audio source with MPEG- • One, or more, MPEG encoded Still the possibility to add PC playback
2 multi-channel (5+1) Backwards Pictures; with or without MPEG applications on the same disc enabling
Compatible audio. This mode is defined Audio. the disc to be played on a PC.
in the MPEG-2 Audio standard ( ISO/ • MPEG Audio with no pictures. The “EXT” directory is mentioned to
IEC 13818-3), and is fully compatible • Motion Picture; with or without contain such application and setup files.
with MPEG-1. A MPEG-1 decoder will MPEG Audio The main root could contain even an
decode the basic stereo ( left and right ) The Selection List defines the action of autorun enabling files.
audio from the multi-channel MPEG-2 the player in response to various user
audio signal. So it’s an option to add a inputs, and may be used to implement
MPEG-2 multi-channel decoder. menu systems for user selection of
sequences. The Selection List may be
Private Data Streams extended to include hotspot information
Besides video and audio, a Program or commandlists. The player must
Stream may contain other elementary response to user actions (NEXT,
data streams. Because these are not PREVIOUS, DEFAULT SELECTION,
defined in ISO/IEC 13818, the syntax NUMERIC, RETURN).
and semantics for these additional data The Play List defines a list of Play Items
streams are defined specially for the that are to be played sequentially.
Overlay Graphic data stream. The Selection List is used in the
Overlay Graphics and Text (OGT) PSD.VCD file, and is a List for
The Overlay Graphics layer is designed implementing selection menus and
for two main applications, namely Movie enabling branching under user control.
subtitling and Karaoke lyrics. It is a full Segment Play Items are encoded as
screen resolution overlay with 4 colors, MPEG Sectors and are restricted to the
and transparency. Multi-color support is Segment Play Item Area. Segment Play
provided, to allow for highlighting of Items allow a Still Picture mode.
song lyrics or other picture highlighting. Play List extensions have been defined
The main advantage of OGT is that the for more interactivity by a Command List
graphics and text are not put into the Interpreter and use of variables for
video picture before encoding, but mixed storing scores and other application
in the decoder, which allows for variables.
selectable language and improved
picture quality. The encoder model is USER data
based on two separate video planes; User data is used to encode scan
One for motion video, and one for OGT. information and closed caption

Field Value
Layer layer II only
Protection bit CRC check always on
Bit Rate (may vary from frame to frame)
mode = single_channel between 32 and 192 kbps
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mode = dual_channel between 64 and 384kbps


mode = stereo between 64 and 384kbps
mode = joint_stereo between 64 and 384kbps
Sampling frequency 44.1 kHz
Emphasis no emphasis

MPEG-1 Audio (ISO 11172-3) constraints


6
Super Video CD

This document is based on the Super


Video CD standard version 1.0 by Royal
Philips Electronics (Eindhoven, the
Netherlands) and has been prepared in
cooperation with Matsushita Electric
Industrial Co., Ltd (Osaka, Japan), Sony
Corporation (Tokyo, Japan), and Victor
Company of japan, Ltd. (Yokohama,
Japan).

The development of this format also


resulted in the standard IEC 62107
(Super Video Compact Disc). The
present version of the document IEC
62107 is a full subset of this Super
Video CD standard version 1.0. The
additional elements comprised by the
latter are Overlay Graphics, extended
PSD.
note: At the moment of publication of
this document version 1.0 is under
preparation for distribuution.

Publisher
Philips System Standards
& Licensing
Licensing Support
Building SFF-8
P.O. Box 80002
5600 JB Eindhoven
The Netherlands
Fax: +31-40-2732113
http://www.licensing.philips.com
21599 3122 783 0081 1

The products and services described here are


not necessarily to become available in the mar-
ket. Due to continuous improvements this spe-
cification is subject to changes without notice.
7

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