Corey Berman R1 chumash test 4 review End of unit 17-unit 20 As you may have noticed Im not the most

attentive chumash student buthopefully this is everything. Unit 17-chapter 12 What is the meaning of Pesach? 1. Pass over 1. Rashi: Hashem is hopping from house to house because bnei yisrael and mitzrayim live so close (cites Melachim Bet 18:21, where Eliyahu approaches the nation and rebukes them saying how long will you pasach from one belief to another? The word pasach is used to mean jump. Then, in the Karmel story, Bnei Yisrael believe in God.) Rashbam agrees God passed over Jewish homes 2. Lean on a. Ibn Ezra quotes Rasag- pasach is a noun- a piseach- a cripple. So pesach means to lean on (also quotes melachim bet and interprets it as bnei yisrael worshipping and leaning on both religions). b. God leaned on the houses of Israel c. Both opinions (this one and Rashis) cite the same source, the pasuk in melachim that says that bnei yisrael are -

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3. Have compassion a. Onkelos- God: I will have compassion on you In pasuk 12, the Rashi states that Rashi prefers pass over but also quotes the Onkelos that says have compassion. Then, in pasuk 23, the Rashi says had compassion, and some say jumped. Why is there a discrepancy? There are two forces at work in the 10th plagueo God is having compassion o The Mashchit is killing and jumping over 4. I will protect you a. LXX (Septuagint) Rashi says God is ignoring Bnei Yisrael, but LXX, Onkelos, and Ibn Ezra say that Hashem is being active in the events of the 10th plague. Unit 18- transforming the nation Bnei Yisrael leave in perek 13 in the middle of the day. Perek 13 Psukim 17-22 are on section (parshiya) in the Torah

Topics within the parshiya: 1. 17-18: the route they take leaving Egypt (avoiding derech eretz plishtim) 2. 19: Moshe takes Yosefs bones out 3. 20: journey from Sukkot to Eitam 4. 21-22: God protects through cloud in day, fire at night Why all these topics in one section? What is the connection? God is giving the nation a sense of security. He wants them to have security because therwise the tremendous negatve freedom (Fromm) will be achieved with no positive freedom. 1. Avoiding derech eretz Plishtim is avoided because it is close to Egypt and there are wars there, and the nation might return to Egypt. a. Who would the war be with? i. Ramban: the Plishtim, who will not let the nation go through. Then, Israel wiould go back. Other places are far from Egypt, such as Sichon and Og. ii. Sarna: derech Plishtim = Ways of Horus a road that was historically Egyptian-controlled. God wanted Bnei Yisrael to avoid conflict with Egypt. b. Instead, they travel through the Yam Suf (possibly the Red Sea, possibly another body of water. Either way,) the nation travels SOUTH and NOT along the coast. c. This first part of the parshiya gave the nation security- they avoid the more treacherous path. 2. Yosefs bones shows Bnei Yisrael that this is the redemption they have been waiting for- the fulfillment of Brit bein haBetarim. Moshe shows the nation he can be a leader just as Yosef was for the previous generation 3. God helps them and gives them security through the travels 4. Cloud/fire protect them Bnei Yisrael doubt/complain- gets worst when they say is God in our midst or not? (17:7) Perek 14 God tells Moshe to tell Bnei Yisrael that Pharaoh is going to say that Bnei Yisrael are confused and lost in the desert. (another reason for Bnei Yisrael to go derech hamidbar- ki nevuchim hem- Pharaoh will think that Bnei Yisrael is lost) lies to Pharaoh: 1. Three day holiday 2. Vayishalum kol zahav - Bnei Yisrael borrow jewelery (12:35) 3. Derech hamidbar so they think Bnei Yisrael is lost Pharaoh thought: 1. we were returning 2. we were giving back jewerely 3. we were lost in the desert The Ran: (Drasha 11) All three have in common:

1. 2.

they get Pharaoh to chase after the nation they make Pharaoh decide to chase after them and drown (midah knegged midah for kol haben hayilod)

Two goals of this section- give nation security, make Egypt chase after them. Why both? Dont they contradict? Even though God warned Pharaoh would chase after, Bnei Yisrael gets scared anyway. We see doubt by both Bnei Yisrael and Egypt in this section 14:5- Pharaoh ignores the fact that it was God who sent Bnei Yisrael out- he asks why did WE send them out? This shows that he did not learn from the plagues. God had wanted to take them out to show his presense- ki ani Hashem. 14:11-12- Bnei Yisrael doubts God by saying mah zot asita lanu- they doubt entire mission of getting out of Egypt. were there not enough graves in Egypt? didnt we tell you this earlier? (either they are referencing their complaint in perek 5 or there is a complaint that the Torah didnt record). God wants to teach both doubting camps a lesson, so he puts Himself between the two peoples (psukim 19-20) God wanted Pharaoh to recognize him, but then does Yam Suf which kills the Egyptians. Whats the point of the lesson if the learners are killed right after? (educational goals: vayeda hi ani Hashem) Ibn Ezra a. the living Egyptians will know b. right before they die will learn (They say ki Hashem nilcham lahem) Bnei Yisrael also learn the lesson- vayarvayaaminu bHashem uvMoshe avdo (I DONT KNOW THE PLAY ON WORDS OR THE ACTUAL ENDING/VS. OUR ENDING IN UNIT 18 NUMBERS 4-5 SO ASK HER TOMORROW.) Ibn Ezra (14:14)- why was Bnei Yisrael so scared? They were 2-3 million and there were only 600 Egyptian chariotsWhy wont they fight back? The answer is that the Egyptians made the nation learn from an early age to have an abused slave mentality so it doesnt enter their minds to fight back, similar to how they reacted at first at Amalek. That is why that generation had to die off-they wouldnt be able to fight in Canaan. The new generation of Sefer Bamidbar has a more elevated spirit (this generation is nefesh shfela vs. the second generations nefesh gevoha) I THINK the way we changed the end of the Ibn Ezra is because Ibn Ezra said that the nation had to be killed off, but we said that Yam Suf and such were an attempt to psychologically help the Jews overcome their slavery of Egypt, just like for Holocuast survivors it is good to get closure so they dont have to live in fear. Pasuk 13- raah/yare used a lot- Seeing Egypt leads Bnei Yisrael to fear Hashem. Pasukim 30-31- Bnei YIsrael see Yehuat Hashem and that leads to Yirat Hashem. Seeing Egyptians alive and then killed rehabilitated them they DID learn from it, unlike what Ibn Ezra said. Shirat Hayam is reminiscent of the plagues, which are grouped into 3 goals, lessons

1. 2.

ki ani Hashem Bekerev Haaretz- I can separate between Egyptian and Jew because I am involved in the world 3. ki ein kamoni- I am unique these words are in Shirat Hayam as well blood, frogs- I exist wild animals, death of animals- Hashem is providential, involved hail, locusts- Hashem is unique firstborn- own category, teaches all three lice, bios, darkness- no reason listed, so they are just plain punishments, without warnings Tehillim 78: lists plagues except the 3 punitive ones beause Tehillim wants to show the otot umoftim- not the punitive ones Az Yashir- sung after Yam Suf Outline: 1. psukim 1-6 o general intro o glory and victory of God (3rd person) o switch to 2nd person for emphasis o doubling of phrases- Bnei Yisrael learn from the plauges and use the Shir to show they learned the lessons o pasuk 6 yemincha Hashem- Hashem is providential o pasuk 11 mi kamocha Unique o pasuk 3 Hashem- I am Hashem 2. psukim 7-11 o details the miracle at Yam Suf o 2nd person o they wanted to kill us, you killed them 3. 12-16 o immediate consequences of the miracle- people will hear, etc. o 2nd person 4. 17-19 o in Torah, pasuk 19 seems to be the end of the song, ending in a double language. We say Az Yashir differently, we end after pasuk 18 and then add another Aramaic verse to recfreate the double language last two sections- theme of Kedusha, summary strange in the song: 1. Bnei Yisrael talk about mishkan and Har Sinai and Israel- why talk about this at Shirat Hayam? a. The idea to build the mikdash is intrinsic in Bnei Yisrael from the moment of their birth as a nation

b. Supports Rambans position of what the true redemption is- Bnei Yisrael is free when there is a mishkan and Hashems presense c. We say Az Yashir at end of psukei dezimra because after we say all those tehillim we conclude with request for mikdash (in 2012, we want a place to channel faith in God.)