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Jump to: navigation, search Foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor.[1] It is the sum of equity capital,other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. It usually involves participation in management, joint-venture, transfer of technology and expertise. There are two types of FDI: inward foreign direct investment and outward foreign direct investment, resulting in a net FDI inflow (positive or negative) and "stock of foreign direct investment", which is the cumulative number for a given period. Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares.[2] FDI is one example of international factor movement.
Contents
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1 History 2 Types 3 Methods 4 Global foreign direct investment 5 Foreign direct investment in the United States 6 Foreign direct investment in China 7 Foreign direct investment in India 8 Foreign direct investment and the developing world 9 References 10 External links
[edit] History
FDI is a measure of the ownership of productive assets, such as factories, mines and land and water. Increasing foreign investment can be used as the measure of growing economic globalization. The figure below shows net inflows of foreign direct investment in the United States. The largest flows of foreign investment occur between the industrialized countries (North America, Western Europe and Japan). US International Direct Investment Flows:[3] Period 196069 197079 198089 199099 200007 FDI Inflow FDI Outflow Net Inflow $ 42.18 bn $ 5.13 bn + $ 37.04 bn $ 122.72 bn $ 40.79 bn + $ 81.93 bn $ 206.27 bn $ 329.23 bn $ 122.96 bn $ 950.47 bn $ 907.34 bn + $ 43.13 bn $ 1,629.05 bn $ 1,421.31 bn + $ 207.74 bn
Total
[edit] Types
A foreign direct investor may be classified in any sector of the economy and could be any one of the following:[citation needed]
an individual; a group of related individuals; an incorporated or unincorporated entity; a public company or private company; a group of related enterprises; a government body; an estate (law), trust or other social institution; or any combination of the above.
[edit] Methods
The foreign direct investor may acquire voting power of an enterprise in an economy through any of the following methods:
by incorporating a wholly owned subsidiary or company by acquiring shares in an associated enterprise through a merger or an acquisition of an unrelated enterprise participating in an equity joint venture with another investor or enterprise... low corporate tax and income tax rates tax holidays other types of tax concessions preferential tariffs special economic zones EPZ Export Processing Zones Bonded Warehouses Maquiladoras investment financial subsidies soft loan or loan guarantees free land or land subsidies relocation & expatriation subsidies job training & employment subsidies infrastructure subsidies R&D support
Foreign direct investment incentives may take the following forms:[citation needed]
The worlds largest retailer WalMart has termed Indias decision to allow 51% FDI in multibrand retail as a first important step and said it will study the finer details of the new policy to determine the impact on its ability to do business in India.However this decision of the government is currently under suspension due to opposition from multiple political quarters.
[edit] References
1. ^ Data.worldbank.org 2. ^ CIA.gov 3. ^ BEA.gov 4. ^ UN body says global foreign direct investment inflows remain stagnant in 2010, business.globaltimes.cn 5. ^ "U.S. FDI and site selection". Greyhill Advisors. http://greyhill.com/blog/2011/10/13/us-fdiand-site-selection.html. Retrieved 19 October 2011. 6. ^ Benefits of FDI The International Trade Administration. Retrieved on 2010-03-10[dead link] 7. ^ "FDI by Country". Greyhill Advisors. http://greyhill.com/fdi-by-country/. Retrieved 15 November 2011. 8. ^ "FDI by Country". Greyhill Advisors. http://greyhill.com/fdi-by-country/. Retrieved 15 November 2011. 9. ^ "FDI by Country". Greyhill Advisors. http://greyhill.com/fdi-by-country/. Retrieved 15 November 2011. 10.^ FDI inflows plunge by about 60% in August Economic Times (India Times) 2010-10-22 11.^ Which Foreigners are Worth Wooing? A Meta-Analysis of Vertical Spillovers from FDI William Davidson Institute Working Paper 996.
Latest news on Europe Foreign Direct Investment decisions UNCTAD Division on Investment and Enterprise UNCTAD FDI Statistics Investment Map : database provided by the UN/WTO agency "International Trade Centre" (ITC)
International business International economics International factor movements Macroeconomics Hidden categories: All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from June 2011 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from June 2009 Articles needing additional references from June 2011 All articles needing additional references Articles with unsourced statements from April 2010 Articles with unsourced statements from March 2011
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