In an industrial society a homeless society is quite a shocking,a society with no borders, no economy , no territory but with an origin.

Knowing its origin, and their mother tongue we try to find why do they migrate so much and still have no indpendent country a country that could be found throughout Europeans.(Chreta,1997:9,transl.mine). The word Tzigan does not exist in the Romani language. They were called Athingonoyi, which in Greek means untouchable, impure. Athingonoyi were a group of nomad heretics, star-readers , witches. ( Grigore & Sarau, 2008:13, transl.mine). The first written document about the presence of the Roms in The Bysantine Empire is a manuscript in the Gruzine language about the life of St. George, Bishop of Constantinopole. A Persian source mensions that the word Tzigan could come from ciganch meaning musician, dancer or from the Persian word asikan meaning blaksmith. The word Rom in the Romani language means man or husbandand it is used mainly by women.(ecyclopedia britanica, 2012).

This ethnic group has its origin in India, where they have migrated from because of poverty, lack of food and unfriendly climate. The most massive migration took place in the XIV, X.

Due to their nomad way of life, colourful and unusual clothing,witchraft, and their strange appearance, they were considered moral heretics by the Christians and were outcast by the populations through which they were passing. (Potra, 2002:16, transl.mine). Francis I, king of France hated them for their nomad life and determinded them to be outlaws. Because of persecutions and difficulties in their integaration in France and Danemark they headed to the Scandinavian Peninsula, but their conditions were not any better. They found a better

political and socio-economic environment in Hungary where they were appreciated for their crafts.(Potra, 2002:17-18, transl.mine). In Italy they were separated from the indigenous population forced by the inhabitans or even by own wish, but they settled down funding a small town of their own, called Ielsi. Their social isolation, or better said social marginalisation, in which they lived for centuries, next to the majoritary population, made them have their own way of life, with their own rules of behavoiur among them and with others( Sorop, 2002:13). We could mention here their resistance to obeying the rulles, not having a permanent job, young age and arranged- by- parents marriages, not legal marriages, lack of social and medical care, lack of organised education. Due to their strange rules, ways and habits the majoritary populations developed pejudices against them and considered them second rank people. This is true because most of them hardly subdue to the law system of the country where they live.They were brought to our country as slaves by the Tatar migrators, and when the Tatars were defeated by rhe Hungarians and Romanians, they managed to settle down in our country. (Potra, 2002:22, transl.mine). Rroms were seen as slavers and their slavery began in Romanian Country at the end 14 th century, and in Moldavia at the beginning of the 15 th century.Cantemir affirm in Robia in Moldova:Each nobleman has at last a family of rroms as slavs.(Grigoras,2000:75, transl. mine ). In those days nobleman used to have slaves especially rroms because these had no country, no working places and no income to live.Rroms were somehow forced to ve slaves for nobleman in order to survive.Slaves strted from Cucaz till they arrive in Moldavia.The first slaves in Moldavia were those of tatar origin, and in 1428 rroms are mentioned too.Rroms became slaves shortly after their arrival in the Romanian geographical area.Moldavian noblemen bought slaves from Transilvania and they were trading them.Were princely Gypsies and many, they present a high-income state budget, were Gypsies monastery and of public establishments, whose services in the daily necessities of these communities, were finally private Gypsies, Gypsies boyars , who were the staff servants in the courts of houses, cooks, coachman, servant, housekeeper, maids, cooks, sewing. Emancipation was made first in Moldova by Mr. Michael Sturdza, the two laws of 31 January 1844, and the Romanian Country by Mr. Alexander Ghica by a law of 1845.(Kogalniceanu, 1891, transl.mine).After leading a nomad life for a while the Roms settled down in the suburbs or funded entire villages where they were the majoritary population.The Rom communities are formed by large families including all relatives living together, this way of life giving them

more security and power required.

due to resistance against the majoritary population.( In

the

beginning they usued to live in tents moving away in carts whenever the living conditions

As the time passed, they started building houses and getting used with the sedentary life but lately there started a new migration leaving their houses behind searching for business opportunities. Generally, they are organised in groups of trades, getting their name after their trade e.g. Ursari,Caldarari Gabori, Spoitori, Carpatici.. In the last century during their cohabitance with the Romanian population, most of them succesfully have integrated in the local communities, in our days they even have mixed marriages with the local population. A new tendency emerged due to the free travelling all over Europe. Some members of the Rom ethnic group go abroad in search for a better life but unfotunately some of them do not gain a good name among the populations where they live. That attitude makes people to missjudge the whole Rom community. The most urgent measure that should be taken is education and equal opportunities for all members to have acces to schooling and decent life. Rroms are gouped in different categories and each category has a specific name.The Bear Roma represent a significant number within the category of settled Roma, and their settling took place many centuries ago.Most of them did their job in the precincts of their towns, near the noblemen households or monasteries or at the kings court.The Roma Coppersmiths (Caldarari) live in the area of Oltenia in the counties of Valcea, Dolj, Olt, Gorj and Mehedinti, especially in Sibiu.They make copper boilers for fruit brandy (tuica) and tin buckets for soap-making.They also tin these bukets and boiles.They make dustpans of aluminum, wich they sell in markets and fairs.The Carpatians are part of Ardeal community and were offered protection by kings of Austrian Hungary.Their crafts were merchants, musicians, horseshoe makers, florists.(Nastase,Stanescu and Olga Marcus, 2004:79-95129).This categorys got directly in touch with other groups of persons that influenced them.As a result of this influence they lost their customs and traditions, they adopted another

style, withnew elements of culture.Their traditional jobs were those of musicians, comb makers, iron kettle makers and merchants, this crafts are still typical today. Rroms family is a traditional family with many children.They get married quite young at an early age of 14 a 15.Before getting married boys must prove their ability to support a family either financially or morally.This is why they are tought how to work, how to behave as future parents.On the other hand the future wives have to move to their parents-inlaw house.There they take part in different activities concerning household cleaning, cooking, raising children.When the young couple is able to support themselves financially, they can build their own house and live on their own.

Roms traditional clothes are colourfull.Their clothes are light, confortable and easy to recognize a person of this origin by the way they dress.Women wear long skirts and coloured blouses such as red, yellow and green.Their skirts may have small coins on them or may have also an apron.Women wear scarfes in their heads.All these give them a strong personality.Men waer dark coloured suits brown, black or grey and hats.Their shirts are light and have large sleeves.These shirts are handmade.Accessories:rings, coins, pipe.By the way they dress they show a different culture but also a rich one as for the fact that gold and silver are their favourites.Romani Design brand has surfaced in Hungarian fashion only recently, it

is meant to fill a market niche by turning into fashion certain elements of traditional Gypsy wear, or by adapting forms, specific motifs of Gypsy clothing style to the conditions of modernity according to designer concepts.We can say that Romany Design recycles the particular Roma Traditions in the reegion.(Kali,2011:35).These clothes represent them and offer them identity, it is also a mark for their well preserved tradition. Education in roms society doesnt have a high quality as they dont put a great emphasis on it.There are different factors that can shoow their lack of knowledge:family backgrounds, lack of financial resources and discrimination.It is known for sure why this phenomenon happen but we know that school left outs are about 25% of the school age population, the majority of children fail going further than primary classes, graduathing higher schools is almost impossible and more than 50% of roma population is illiterante(Bleahu et al,1995:123). Even if they go to school and have the right to education, many of them give up schooling and this is a negative effect upon the entire community they live in.This community offer a great chance for them as there are different types of schools:schools with special classes for deficient children and mixed school.Probably rroms consider education being optional and they abandon school because they dont pass in the next year of study, they encounter difficulties in learning caused by their lower intellectual level.School abandon is today seen and used with a sense of leaving the educational system before graduating compulsory school.(Jigau,2002:17, transl.mine).But we must see the good part,throughout history there were great rroms personalities like:Ioan Budai Deleanu, the author of Tiganiada, others with great skills in science, culture and politics-C.S Nicolaescu Plopsor the editor of O Rom magasine, Nicolae Lenghescu wrote the Ode on the roms . (Djuric,2002:61-62, transl.mine). Their language has a smaller capacity than any other languages firstly because of its speead, it is reduced and many persons do not speak it.They do not necessarilly use this mother-tongue, rromani as they live and interact with non-rroma population, the children are tought the language of the community as a second language.Secondly, rromani does not represent a cultural instrument wich can develop their own traditional culture because it has not written form.(Gheorghe, 1993:23, transl.mine).This language can not offer acces to the universal culture.Being known only in spoken language the rroms try hard to preserve it and to transmit it from generation to generation.One can also find dictionaries and vocabularies where words and phrases are formed in order not to forget rromani.

Word in Rromani Forou Ust Drom Treanda Dilo Zaleno Mas Efta

Meaning town lips route thirty mad green meet seven

Origin forum os, oris dromos treanda deli zeleonnii mias efta

But there are many poems in the romani language, many books even if is not so known this language some persons wrote them,for example:

Under the tree y fall asleep A dream shows That dream is old The birtd sing in a tree The wind blows My self lie He seen me asleep my heart press me In the black night under the tree y fall asleep.

Tala o kast souvau O suno dikau Phuro dikhlimos Ando kast dilabal cirikli E braval maral Man kam hohavel Pusavel muro ilo Ande reat kali Tala o kast souvau.

(Chereta, 1997:156, transl.mine).

Some people see rroms as a marginal population, a poor and a disconsidered one.Others may see them as a strong, united and unique culture with few influences and a strong basis.They are a group of persons with no country and they are still looking for a land of their own, a land where everybody is equal, where order is not important and money doesnt make the world go round, an ideal poor place to live in.