Questions 1) A patient is being rushed to the hospital in an ambulance after being stabbed in right 3rd intercostal space just

outside of the sternum (entry wound was angled medially). By the time the paramedics arrived on scene, the patient had dilated facial and neck veins, in addition to the bleeding caused by the stabbing. The paramedics administered oxygen and were able to stop the bleeding, but the patients vital signs continued to decrease until he died. Why did the patient not respond to their treatment? And explain what you would do to have saved this patients life.

2) A patient arrives in the hospital with radiating pain in his left arm. The doctors (who were apparently not as smart as we intend to be) thought that clearly this was a case of referred pain from the heart, but upon inspection, they found no ischemia, and no accumulated metabolic waste. They were mystified. They were right that this was a case of referred pain, but is there an explanation as to what caused it, given that the heart is not sensitive to temperature, touch, cutting etc.? If so (based on this follow up question, be sure that there is), what is causing the pain?

Endocardial cushion defects include ASDs and VSDs, so I apologize if I step on somebodys toes 3) A neonate has been prescribed prostaglandins, and has increased pressure through the pulmonary valve. What is the most detrimental pathological condition in the patient? Explain how it arose?

4) A physician who also worked on the side as a psychic got a message from The great beyond suggesting that her baby (she was pregnant) would be born with an endocardial cushion defect. She decided that she needed to do a karyotype of the fetus. Why would she do that, what might she find, and how might it happen assuming that there were absolutely no problems with either the sperm, egg, or fertilization?

I noticed that there were a couple gaps in skeletal muscle so I am trying to address them with these questions 5) A patient has a defect that prevents synthesis of an important protein that binds actin and acts as a link between the cytoskeleton and ECM. You notice that the he has very large calves, despite having a sub-par vertical (cannot jump very high). What is the defect? How can it be fixed?

6) A teenager is at a party and decides to do drugs. The drug has the side effect of stimulating type Ib neurons immediately after ingestion that lasts for a couple minutes. The drug also contains a myostatin inhibitor. The teenager has been taking this drug for 2 months, but today the teenager decides to take the drug while showing off by doing pullups on a bar 20 feet above the ground. What might the teenager have noticed in the past 2 months? What happens to the teenager today?