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Strengthening Institutions, Enhancing Delivery of Education

N. Sivanna ISEC Bangalore sivanna@isec.ac.in

Decentralisation of Education Different Levels of Education Administration


District level Block/ Taluk level Village level

Direct responsibility of village school functioning


Panchayats SDMC Village School

Panchayats

SDMC

Education under Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution


Education including primary and secondary schools Technical training and vocational education Adult and non-formal education

Education under the three schedules of KPR Act 1993


Schedule I( Grama Panchayat): Education including primary and secondary schools 1.Promotion of public awareness and participation in primary and secondary education 2.Ensuring full enrollment and attendance in primary schools 3.Promotion of adult and non-formal education

Education under the three schedules


Schedule II(Taluk Panchayat): Education including primary and secondary schools 1. Promotion of primary and secondary education 2. Construction, repair and maintenance of primary school buildings 3. Promotion of social education through youth clubs and mahila mandals 4. Promotion of rural artisan and vocational training 5. Promotion of adult and non-formal education

Education under the three schedules


Schedule III(Zilla Ppanchayat): Education including primary and secondary schools 1. Establishment and maintenance of primary and secondary schools 2. Establishment and maintenance of ashram schools and orphanages 3. Survey and evaluation of education activities 4. Establishment and maintenance of rural artisan and vocational training centres 5. Planning and implementation of programmes of adult literacy and non-formal education.

Education under Gram Panchayat Grama Panchayat ( As per the Activity Mapping): 1. Ensure full enrollment of school age children 2. Maintain school buildings and play grounds 3. Exercise vigilance on regular attendance of teachers and students and report to the concerned 4. Campaign for full enrollment and reduction of dropouts 5. Assess the drop out position and initiate appropriate action to reduce it

Allocation to Education
As per 2010-11 link document, plan allocation: Head of Account 2202 For education ( both state and central) Rs. 86,499.58 lakhs ; 17.76 percent of the total allocation For ZP Rs. 71,554.30; 82.72 percent; for TP- Rs.14,945.28 lakhs; 17.28 percent For GPs no allocation has been made

Recent data show that Enrolment of students has declined in rural India,
across all states Even well-performing states such as Himachal Pradesh and Tamil Nadu experiencing this
Table 1- Enrolment in all govt. schools and govt. schools in rural India- Select states (in lakhs)

2007-08
All Govt. Schools All India Rural Govt. Schools

2008-09
All Govt. Schools Rural Govt. Schools

2009-10
All Govt. Schools Rural Govt. Schools

736.33

674.31 11.2 3.27 4.74 17.71

703.61 9.29 3.49 4.66 17.51

643.22 8.14 3.08 4.49 15.75

663.66 8.46 3.32 4.41 15.77

605.44 7.45 2.9 4.23 13.49

Karnataka 12.79 Kerala Himachal Pradesh Tamil Nadu

3.72 4.93 19.77

Source- Compiled from State Report Cards (www.statereportcards.in)

There is a decline in the reading levels of students in Govt. schools in rural areas
Table 2- Percentage of students in primary classes in Govt. schools who are unable to read- Select states

2008
All India Karnataka Kerala Himachal Pradesh Tamil Nadu 8 5.04 5.6 2.54 10.82

2009
6.9 4.12 1.06 2.11 8.43

2010
7.9 5.8 0.75 2.04 9.5

Source- ASER data (www.asercentre.org)

This decline is due to drawbacks in governance of the different institutions Access to schools is no more a problem in rural areas Main task now is retention of students in school and ensuring learning

Stakeholder Involvement
Stakeholder involvement at the lowest level will generate awareness and interest towards education Existing stakeholders in education
Government/ Panchayat SDMC Teachers

Enhanced stakeholder involvement will help in providing synergy between government and society
Parents Community Members Self-help Groups Civil Society groups and institutions

Stakeholder Involvement
Stakeholder Input To create a learning environment by bringing awareness among the parents and through Makkala Grama Sabhas Scholarships to poor students especially to children belonging to disadvantage groups To create necessary infrastructure by providing drinking water facility, construction of toilets, approach roads, school compound, play ground and security Outcome Motivates parents to send their children to school Good infrastructure encourages students to attend school regularly

Panchayats

SDMC

Train and make aware of duties; Increase role in decision-making for school; not only limit role to monitoring

Give practical and local level solutions to problems faced by the school since they are the most aware of the village level problems/ weaknesses Employ creative methods of teaching; Keep students motivated to learn; Keep parents informed and involved in school system; Should not view parents/ SDMC as threat to their functioning

Teachers

Govt. administration could keep syllabus updated and interesting for students; Civil society institutions could provide training in new methods of teaching;

Enhanced Stakeholder Involvement


Stakeholder Input Build awareness; Civil Society Institution can have constant interaction to understand problems faced in sending children to school Build awareness Outcome Awareness would lead to increased interest in education process; Civil Society representatives can help carve out local solutions for factors deterring children from attending school Can encourage parents to send children to school Increased awareness and interest in education process; Will help in creating environment at home to help children to learn and study

Parents

Community members Village Selfhelp Groups

Weekly/ monthly involvement of mothers/ one member of group to attend school and observe education process; Sit in classes to see what goes on within the school; so that school system is not elusive anymore Organise campaigns to increase awareness of education in rural areas; Select local representatives from villages to work with community members/ parents; Organise fairs, workshops, sports events to increase awareness in villages

Civil Society groups and institutions

Enhanced involvement of community and parents in the delivery process of education

Some Suggestions
As per by-law 2006, SDMC should submit its annual report to Amenities Committee of the Grama Panchayat. There is need to ensure that SDMCs meet regularly, at least once in a month, to discuss school development and monitoring activities There is also need to ensure the tri-monthly meetings of Parents Council SDMCs must present their progress reports in tri-monthly meetings of the Parents Council More importantly, it is also necessary that the Grama Panchayats must constitute Amenities Committee and to hold its meetings regularly

Some Suggestions
Grama Panchayats must organise Makkala Grama Sabhas to discuss problems faced by the students especially to protect their rights. Presence of effective institutional and functional linkages, both horizontally and vertically, would certainly strengthen institutional process to deliver and attain goals such as cent percent enrolment, retention and quality education. All this should result in ensuring transparency and accountability in governing primary education.

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