Computern aided design

Fundamentals of C Introduc adtion, Reasons for implementing a CAD system, Computer Aided Process application, conventional design vs CAD. Benefits, Hardware, CAD softwares, Elements of Programming, CAD programming. Technical specification of CAD workstation, computer software-operating system

Computer Graphics Scan conversions, DDA and Breshnhams algorithm for generation of various figure, 2D and 3D transformations: Scaling, Translation, Rotation, Mirroring, Clipping, Homogeneous matrix.

Geometrical Modeling Types & mathematical representation of curves, wire frame models, entities, representations, parametric epresentations 04 3.1 Review of vector algebra, lines, circle, ellipse, parabolas, Parametric representation of synthetic curves, cubic curves, b - spline, Bezier spline, sweep curves, 05 3.2 Surfaces & solids model, entities, representations, fundamentals of surface and solid modeling, B-rep, constructive solid geometry (CSG), analytical modeling, sweep. 04 3.3 Solid manipulation, visual realism. Computer aided design of Mechanical Elements & Mechanical Assembly with animation. Capabilities of various commercially available software in the area of CAD.

Graphics Standards Standards for graphics programming, features of GKS, other graphics standards, PHIGS, IGES, PDES. Standards in CAD. 02 4.1Graphics and computing standards, data exchange standards, Design Database, Interfacing design and drafting,

Finite Element Analysis Types of elements, types of error, derivation equitation finite element procedure, Stress deflection stiffness matrix, global matrix, conductivity table. 5.1 Elimination approach, penalty approach, effect of temperature, principle of min. Potential energy, 5.2 Mesh generation, Capability of different FEA software.

Optimization Introduction, design synthesis, Engineering vs Optimum Design, Objectives of Optimization, Classification of Optimization problems and their procedure, techniques of optimization, Optimized design of machine components, Optimization Software.

1 Seat No.: _____ Enrolment No.______

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE SEM-VI Examination May 2011 Subject code: 161903 Subject Name: Computer Aided Design
Date: 19/05/2011 Time: 10.30 am 01.00 pm Total Marks: 70

Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions. 2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.

3. Figures to the right indicate full marks. Q.1 (a) Discuss the reasons for implementing CAD. Also draw a diagram showing product cycle with the implementation of CAD. 07 (b) What are different types of geometric technique available? Describe the common facilities available in a solid modeling package. 07 Q.2 (a) Write Bresenham s algorithm for generation of line also indicate which raster locations would be chosen by Bresenham s algorithm when scan converting a line from screen co-ordinate (1,0) to (10,3). 07 (b) Reflect the diamond shape polygon whose vertices are A(-2,0), B(0,-1), C(2,0), D(0,1) about an arbitrary line L which is represented by equations y=0.5x+1. 07 OR (b) A rectangle parallel piped block ABCDEFGH has position vectors 0 0 1 1 3 0 1 1 3 2 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 1 3 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 X      !       Obtain the transformed position vectors after rotation (i) about x axis = -90 and then (ii) about y axis = 90. 07 Q.3 (a) Prepare an algorithm and write C program for computer aided design of

helical spring subjected to static loading. The algorithm must show clearly all the equations to be used. 07 (b) Write short note on CSG and B-rep. 07 OR Q.3 (a) Explain Hermite cubic spine curve with neat sketch also write its characteristics and obtain the parametric equation for the same. 07 (b) Describe the structure of an IGES file and compare IGES and PDES. 07 Q.4 a) Explain Rayleigh-Ritz and Galekin method for finding an approximate solution to the engineering problem. 07
2

(b) Write short note on automatic mesh generation with an example. 07

OR

Q.4 (a) Explain the various steps required to solve mechanical problem using finite element analysis. 07 (b) Axial load P = 300 KN is applied at 20 C to the rod as shown in fig. The temperature is then raised to 60 C. The coefficient of thermal expansion for Aluminium is 23x10-6 per C and Steel is 11.7x10-6 per C. AAl = 900 mm2, ASteel = 1200 mm2, EAl = 70 x 109 N/m2 , ESteel = 200 x 109 N/m2 . Using FEM, (1) Determine the nodal displacement and element stresses. (2) The reaction forces at the supports. 07 Q.5 (a) Explain following with respect to design optimization (1) Design vector (2) Objective function (3) Constraint 07 (b) A manufacturing firm produces two machine parts using lathes, milling machines and grinding machines. The different machining times required for each part, the machining times available on different machines and the profit on each machine part are given in the following table. Machining time required for the machine part (minutes) Type of machine I II

Maximum time available per week (minutes) Lathes 10 5 2500 Milling machines 4 10 2000 Grinding machines 1 1.5 450 Profit per unit Rs. 50 Rs.100 07 Determine the number of parts I and II to be manufactured per week to maximize the profit. OR Q.5 (a) Explain the Lagrange multiplier method with the help of example. 07 (b) Find the dimensions of a cylindrical tin with top and bottom made up of sheet metal to maximize its volume such that the total surface area is equal to Ao = 24 . 07

Control engeering
BASIC CONTROL SYSTEM System differential equation of electrical, mechanical, thermal, hydraulic and lectromechanical network, analogy

THEORY OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL Concept of feedback referred to linear control systems in general, e.g. displacement and speed control, process control, definition and terminology, open loop and closed loop systems and its advantages,2.1 Block diagrams and single flow graph representation of a physical system, block diagram algebra, transfer function from a block diagram. Basic control actions and controllers on off. Proportional, derivative and integral controllers, steady state analysis,. 04 2.2 Transient response of first order and second order systems to step, ramp and sinusoidal input, steady state errors, Applications of Laplace transform methods, Reuths stability criteria and root locus methods improving system performance

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Characteristic of hydraulic components control valves, sources of hydraulic power hydraulic meters, pistons and transmission, elements of circuit design,Accumulation control circuit such as position control and speed control circuit. 3.1 Hydraulic Systems: Reciprocating Pump, pressure intensifier, cranes, ram, press, lift, coupling and hydraulic controls. Maintenance of hydraulic system: Fire Foam resistance oxidation and corrosion of hydraulic pipe sealing devices, Filtersregulator, problems caused by gas in hydraulic circuit cooling of power pack

PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS Pneumatic power supply, Amplifiers with different controlling actions, Pneumatic valves and cylinders, theory of four way and pilot valves.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS Speed control of D.C. motors, Remote center positional serve mechanism (including effect of gearing between motor and load).

MICROPROCESSOR BASED DIGITAL CONTROL State space analysis optional and adaptive control systems Industrial logic control system - programmable logic controller and its applications.

FUZZY LOGIC

Concept of fuggy logic, basic notions, linguistic variables of fuggy control comparison of design methodology, examples and case study 7.1Control Systems for mechanical engineering systems like thermal power plants ,boiler, refrigeration plants , central air-conditioning plants and automobiles.

CONTROL COMPONENTS Pneumatic relays, control mechanisms for liquid level, boiler feed control, pressure regulation, throttle valve, temperature regulations and industrial process regulation.