Members:

Navarrete, Marrianne Grace Pantig, Miguel Sebastian *Pasamba, Darryl John Pascual, Ianne Siegfred Pena, Carmina Violy Pineda, Martin

2CMT

Date Performed: July 22, 2011 Date Submitted: July 29, 2011

EXPERIMENT NO. 3 THE SIMPLE PENDULUM Abstract:

A simple pendulum consists of a mass (m) hanging at the end of a string of length (l). The period of a pendulum is the time required for one complete cycle, that is, the time to go back and forth once. The factors affecting the period of the pendulum are the length of the string and the acceleration due to gravity. In the experiment the group find the acceleration of gravity and analyze the error in the measurements. The set-up starts by pulling the mass to the side, release it carefully so that it swings without a collision. Allow the mass to swing back and forth a few times before making measurements to allow for any wobble to settle out. After the mass is set swinging, several measurements of T can be quickly made by simply pressing the reset button while the mass is still swinging. You should not stop the mass and restart it after each measurement, since this will introduce unnecessary wobble. Always keep an eye on the pendulum while it is swinging so that it does not drift into a collision.

II. Guide Questions

1. Using your groups data obtained from the experiment (refer to the last table of the experiment), graph the length of a pendulum and the square of its period (In your graph, the length (in cm) of the pendulum must be x and the square of the period (in sec2) as y). Determine the relationship that exists between the length of a pendulum and the square of its period.

S q u a r e o f p e r i o d

Length of string vs. Square of the period

4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 20.0 cm 40.0 cm 60.0 cm 80.0 cm

Length
The relationship between the square of period to the length of the string is that the square of period varies directly to the length of the string.

2. What are the factors affecting the period of a simple pendulum? * Length- For the length of the pendulum, we consider the length from the suspension point of the string to the bottom of the bob, and then subtract the radius. While investigating the length, all other factors must be maintained constant for it to be a fair test. Therefore, the mass, amplitude and the acceleration due to gravity have to be constant. Considering the law of energy that is, energy cannot be created or destroyed, we can say that all the potential energy at the ends will be transferred to the maximum kinetic energy that exists at the equilibrium position. * Gravitational field strength- the other factor that might affect the time period of the bob is gravitational field strength. To investigate this factor all other factors must remain constant. When the gravitational field strength increases, the potential energy increases, so kinetic energy increases, velocity increases and as the distance remains the same, but the time period decreases. 3. What must you do to the length of a simple pendulum so that its period is doubled?

y
y y y

By

T  For will be equal to INCREASE THE LENGTH 4 TIMES

4. Determine the acceleration due to gravity in a location where a simple pendulum 1.50 m long makes 100 vibrations in 246 seconds. (Note that the length and time were measured, the number of vibrations must be held constant).

 

  

 or