WhatFactorsInfluence EthicalDecisionMaking EthicalDecisionmaking& InfluencingFactors

M.Highfield HSci303
Values deeplyheld,constantbeliefs aboutwhatis good &right. Morality Behaviors&beliefs aboutwhatis good &right Ethics Moralphilosophyreasoning Law reflects minimumethics & enforcedbystate Moralorientation yourconsistentbasisformakingmoral &ethicaldecisions. Eaxmples:Beingagoodperson,duty, respect,lookoutfor#1,divinecommand.

Inshort
Moralityisactions&beliefs Ethicsisthinkingaboutmoralactions&beliefs Lawreflectsaminimumstandardofethics,butit isnotethics Onepersonsrightisanotherpersonsduty. Ethicaldecisionmakingisaffectedby Law Morality Values Professionalcodes

WhatisEthics?
The explicit, philosophical reflection on moral beliefs and practices. The difference between ethics and morality is similar to the difference between musicology and music. Ethics is a conscious stepping back and reflecting on morality, just as musicology is a conscious reflection on music.
http://ethics.sandiego.edu/LMH/E2/Glossary.asp

Whatismorality?
Morality is behaviors & beliefs about human decency, right/wrong, good/evil, proper/improper When you find yourself saying ought to or should

Review:Whatsthedifference?
Morality behaviors & beliefs
about human decency right/wrong good/evil & proper/improper

Ethics Philosophical reflectiononmorality

(Butts&Rich http://ethics.sandiego.edu/LMH/E2/Glossary.asp)

Whatislaw?
Lawreflectsaminimumstandardofethics,but itisnotethics

Ethics&Law:4quadrants
Actionscanbe: Ethical&legal Unethical&illegal Yes Ethical&illegal ETHICAL Unethicalandlegal (p.5,Davis
&Aroskar,1991).

LEGAL Yes

No

Yes Yes Yes No

Yes No No No

Rulesmadebyhumanbeingstoguidesociety &regulatehumaninteractionsthatare enforceabletopromotepeaceful&productive interactions(Aiken,p.98)

No

CheckPoint!
Whatisethics?

RIGHTS:Law&Ethics
Your right issomeoneelses obligation! 1. Legalrightsare.?

Whatislaw? 2. Ethicalrightsare..? Whatismorality?

WhatareValues?
Valuesaredeeplyheldbeliefsaboutwhatisgood, right,andappropriate.Valuesaredeepseatedand remainconstantovertime.Weaccumulateour valuesfromchildhoodbasedonteachingsand observationsofourparents,teachers,religious leaders,andotherinfluentialandpowerfulpeople.

Ethics&Values
Ourvaluesareoftensimilartoourbreathinginthatthey aretakenforgranted.Wedonotgothroughlife awarethatwearebreathing.Inthesamemanner,we donotalwaysrealizethatwehaveagivensetofvaluesor thatadecisionisbasedonthesevalues.Wedonotalways examineourvaluesbutsimplyacceptthemandacton them.Again,aswithbreathing,weareareapttothink aboutourvalueswhensomethinggoeswrong,becausewe thenbecomemoreawareofthem. (p.19,Davis&Aroskar,
1991)

Reference: http://personaldevelopment.suite101.com/article.cfm/what_are_values _

Values,thusmorals&moral orientationareaffectedby...
Gender Religion Culture Tradition Family Stageofdevelopment

Ethics&Healthcare: Terminology
1. Biomedicalethicsisdeterminingwhat should bedone,whatisrightorgood in should healthcareissues. 2. Ethicsclassifications Normative (whatshouldbedone)& Descriptive (whatpersonsactulaly do)

NursingEthics
(Butts&RichChapters12)

ANACode(1950/2005)
Nursingencompasses Preventionofillness Alleviationofsuffering Protection,promotion,& restorationofhealthinthecare ofindividuals,families,groups &communities. Nursesactto change thoseaspects of socialstructuresthatdetract fromhealth&wellbeing. Individualswhobecomenurses areexpectednotonlytoadhere totheidealsandmoralnormsof theprofessionbutalsoto embracethemaspartofwhatit meanstobeanurse.

1. Becauseofunavoidablesocialconnections, everypersonmakesmoral&ethicalchoicesin lifethataffectothers. 2. Thewellbeingofpatientsisthecentralfocusof nursing.ThisisemphasizedinANACode 3. Nursesexperiencemoralsufferingafeelingof anguishoruneasinessastheyconfrontmoral dilemmasorsuffering 4. Nursescanmovethruthesuffering.to flourishing

AMACode(2001) Themedicalprofession haslongsubscribedtoa bodyofethicalstatements developedprimarilyfor thebenefitofthepatient. Asamemberofthis profession,aphysician mustrecognize responsibilitytopatients firstandforemost,aswell asto society,to other healthprofessionals,and to self.

AnEthicalDilemma
When it is unclear what action is right or good That is.When moral claims conflict, creating

EthicalDecisionMaking (Aiken)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Collectinformation Statedilemma Listchoices Analyzepros&consofeachchoice Decide!

Conflict between rights or ethical principles (Aiken) that seems incapable of a satisfactory solution. (Davis & Aroskar, 1991).

Summary
Moralityisactions&beliefs Ethicsisthinkingaboutmoralactions&beliefs Lawreflectsaminimumstandardofethics,butit isnotethics Onepersonsrightisanotherpersonsduty. Ethicaldecisionmakingisaffectedby Law Morality Values Professionalcodes

Summary
Nursingcodesprovidestandardforbehavior. Theyarenotlaw. Legalrightsarebasedinlawethicalrightsin ultimateprinciples&rules. Wantsarenotthe sameasrights. Anactioncanbelegal/ethical,legal/unethical, illegal/ethical,illegal/unethical Ethicaldilemma=conflictingmoralclaimssothat nosinglerightorgoodanswerisclear Dolaws&codesmakepersonsgood?