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INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION on LOAD LINES

SERM PAKER

Applicability
ICLL applies to all commercial ships of 24m or longer except: Ships of war Certain existing vessels Less than 150 GTs and built before entry into force Pleasure yachts not engaged in trade Fishing vessels

Applicability (continued)
Unlike SOLAS, ICLL does not distinguish between passenger ships and cargo ships: Both types are subject to ICLL once they are 24m in length (or longer) Both are treated equally (no separate requirements)

Applicability (continued)
ICLL distinguishes tank vessels only on basis of design (not cargo) whereas SOLAS has numerous special requirements for oil tankers that do not apply to other tank vessels ICLL allows tank vessels more-favorable freeboards (ie, deeper loading drafts) than cargo ships

Applicability (continued)
ICLL distinguishes ships carrying timber deck cargoes: Recognizes timber can provide buoyancy and protection against heavy seas on deck Special stowage & lashing requirements Vessels are allowed deeper drafts when carrying timber deck cargo (separate set of LL marks)

Types of Load Lines


There are several types of load lines: Type A Load Line Type B Load Lines: Type B Type B-60 Type B-100 Type B-25

Types of Load Lines: Type A


For Type A vessels only: Tankers, tank barges, & similar designs Only carry liquid cargoes in bulk High integrity of exposed deck, cargo tanks with only small access openings closed by watertight gasketed steel (or equivalent) covers Low permeability of loaded cargo tanks.

Types of Load Lines: Type A (cont)


ICLL damage stability requirements: No requirement if less than 150m 1-compartment (except machinery space) if over 150m 1-compartment (including machinery space) if over 225m However, other IMO conventions may impose damage stability requirements Special conditions of assignment pertain to: Machinery casings Crew protection Hatchways Freeing arrangements

Types of Load Lines: Type A (cont)


However, in return for meeting these requirements, Type A vessels receive the smallest (most favorable) freeboard

Types of Load Lines: Type B


For all vessels that are not Type A No damage stability requirement per ICLL (but other conventions may apply) Highest freeboard However, certain Type B vessels may qualify for a reduced (more favorable) freeboard:
Type B-60 Type B-100 Type B-25 (barges)

Distribution of L/L Types Vessels in ClassNK (Japan)


Type of Load Line Number of Vessels Type A 838 (12.6%) Type B 3,465 (52.1%) Type B-60 366 (5.5%) Type B-100 2 (0.0%) Type B w/Timber 583 (8.8%) (from Japan, 1998 data)

Other Load Line Marks


Certain other load line marks are allowed:
Seasonal allowance marks Density allowance marks Timber marks Subdivision marks

Indicated by the ladder fore (and aft) of the Plimsoll mark

Seasonal Allowance Marks


Special waters at special times of year
T Tropical Freeboard reduced (credit) from summer L/L S Summer Assigned L/L in Plimsoll Mark W Winter Freeboard increase (penalty) from summer WNA Winter North Atlantic For vessels less than 100m length Freeboard increased 50mm from winter L/L

Density Allowance Marks


Reduced freeboards when in fresh water (such as rivers, Great Lakes)

F Fresh Water Freeboard reduced (credit) from summer L/L, proportional to density difference between fresh water and salt water TF Tropical Fresh Water Freeboard reduced from fresh water L/L

Timber Load Line Marks


A timber/lumber deck cargo may be considered to provide some additional buoyancy & protection against the sea sea Therefore, the vessel is allowed freeboard reductions (credits) when carrying timber or lumber deck cargo that is properly stowed. Timber marks are similar to regular marks: Except begin with L (for lumber) Located aft of Plimsoll Mark

Subdivision Load Line Marks


Assigned to passenger vessels per SOLAS Max draft at which vessel can be operated, based on subdivision & stability analysis Marked as C1 for passenger service Vessel cannot be loaded deeper even if seasonal marks might allow it (deeper marks omitted) Only fresh water & subdivision marks are shown

Conditions of Assignment
Apart from determining the freeboard assignment, there are other ICLL design & construction requirements which also must be met before the L/L certificate can be issued. These are known as the Conditions of Assignment

Conditions of Assignment (continued)


The conditions of assignment concern: Information for the Master Strength of Ship Watertightness Weathertightness Freeing Ports Protection of Crew Additional requirements for timber vessels

Information for the Master


Master must be furnished with sufficient information to
arrange for loading and ballasting without creating unacceptable stresses rapidly determine stability status of the ship

Information must be in a form approved by the Administration

Strength of Ship
Administration must be satisfied with the general structural strength of the vessel at the L/L draft.
Standards of a recognized class society may be accepted

Also, SOLAS Chapter II-1, Reg 3-1 now requires vessels to be classed
Passenger vessels w/12 or more passengers Cargo vessels of 500 GTs or more

Watertightness
Intent of ICLL is to ensure watertightness of hull below the freeboard deck Integrity of underwater hull & fittings. Protection of hull penetrations against valve & piping failures that could lead to backflooding of internal spaces. Watertight deadlight covers for windows & side scuttles at critical locations.

Engine Room valve

Weathertightness
Intent of ICLL is to ensure weathertightness of hull above the freeboard deck
Integrity of superstructure, deckhouses, etc. Protect vertical/horizontal openings that could downflood internal spaces:
Doors & access openings Hatches & cargo ports Other openings (ventilators, airpipes) Minimum sill heights, coaming heights.

Positions of Openings
Two positions of hatchways, doorways, and ventilators are defined for assessing openings on/above the freeboard deck:
Position 1: Openings on exposed freeboard and raised quarter decks, and on exposed superstructure decks within forward 0.25L Position 2: Openings on exposed superstructure decks aft of 0.25L

Position 1 & Position 2

Coaming Height 600mm

Ventilator Coaming height

Ventilator with watertight closure

MUSHROOM VENT in Position 2 Closure not required more than 2.3 m high

Airpipe with manual closure

Airpipe with automatic closure

Freeing Ports
Intent of ICLL is to ensure no prolonged entrapment of green water on deck:
Adds to displacement of vessel; De-stabilizes vessel (free surface, raised VCG); May increase rolling motions.

Therefore, ICLL requires ample drainage via freeing ports in bulwarks and wells.

Bulwark with freeing opening

Protection of Crew
Intent of ICLL is to provide protection on deck to allow crew to safely perform their duties:
Guard rails & bulwarks around periphery of exposed weather decks. Safe access getting to/from crew quarters, machinery space, and all other areas necessary for working the vessel.

Guard Rails

Guard Rails

Thank you

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