July 2011, Vol.4, No.

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Grinding more value out of raw materials

A Muyang story in the Philippines
SNA feed mill in Sidi El Heni: Goals achieved

CONTENTS

NEWS
3 7 10 13 16 17 18
News Grinding more value out of raw materials A Muyang story in the Philippines SNA feed mill in Sidi El Heni: Goals achieved Efficient production of alternative aquafeed Events Muyang global presence
Indian Consul-General in Shanghai visited Muyang

s. Riva Ganguly Das, the consul-general of India in Shanghai, made a special visit to the headquarter of Muyang Group during her recent official trip in Yangzhou City for widening the bilateral cooperation.

For further information about Muyang, please click on

Accompanied by Muyang leaders, the consul-general was shown all aspects of the Group and was given an overview of Muyangs activities in India. Muyang has been active in the Indian feed industry for years. Today, Muyang has many very good references of turn-key projects with leading-edge technology in India, and lots of Muyang machines are running wonderfully to produce high quality feed for Indian market, especially in the radically evolving aquafeed sector there. The Muyang Indian Office opened last year has reduced the distance between India and Muyang, which will definitely enable Muyang to better serve the local customers. And additionally many business promotion plans are in the pipeline. With her visit, Ms. Riva Ganguly Das spoke highly of Muyangs specific technology support

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Cover photo: SNA feed mill, provided by Leon Liang

to India, noting that with the second largest population in the world, India is of tremendous developing potential. Muyang is welcomed and encouraged to widen its investment and to extend its business in the fields of grain storage and processing in India.

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INDUSTRY NEWS

Muyang joined the delegation led by state leader to Africa

From May 18 to 31, top Chinese legislator Wu Bangguo visited Namibia, Angola, South Africa and Maldives to promote the mutual cooperation in a wide range of fields. Muyang Group, as an integrated technology supplier for the feed-to-food chain, was represented by its Chairman Mr. Li Minyue in Wus trading promotion delegation to Africa. Made up of over 40 top figures of the Chinese famous enterprises covering bank, construction, information, energy, manufacturing, agriculture, etc. the delegation also visited Kenya and other SADC countries for business communication and survey, which will surely do Muyang lots of good in African market promotion.

Global animal feed additives market to hit $18.7 billion in 2016

The global animal feed additives market will reach $18.7 billion in 2016, according to estimates in the latest MarketsandMarkets report. According to "Global Animal Feed Additives by Type, Livestock, Geography, Regulations Trends & Forecasts (2009-2016)" , the Asian market, a driving sales force, will hold 28.5% of the global market share in 2016. Increasing demand for meat products in the region and rising domestic meat production are both expected to contribute

Muyang opens new office in Europe

Muyang Group is strengthening its business in Europe with the opening of its European Office in Esbjerg, Denmark and the appointment of Mr. Frank K. Adelholm, effective June 8, 2011. Frank K. Adelholm, who is experienced in feed mill operation and management as well as the sales of feed machine and equipment in Europe, will manage the office and also serves as sales general manager of Muyang Europe Branch. He believed that as a real turn-key supplier and an environmentally responsible organization, Muyang will blow fresh air to European feed industry, and Muyangs high quality machineries, equipment and services can have a positive value creating effect to the customers there.
Contact information:

to the area's growth. Europe is currently the leading market for feed additives, with a 35% share in 2011 resulting from regulatory concerns and increasing percapita meat consumption. North America is the second largest market as of 2011, with a share of 28%; the U.S. is the largest market with a share of more than 80%, according to the report.

Frank K. Adelholm, Sales General Manager of Muyang Europe Branch. Address: Venusvaenget 101 DK-6710 Esbjerg V Mob: +45 21597038 Office: +45 36964538 E-mail: frank.adelholm@muyang.com

India poultry farmers using wheat, bajra as chicken feed alternatives

The price of corn in India remains high due to a high moisture content in the current harvest and an increase in exports. Farmers have begun substituting out corn in chicken feed for other lower-priced grains.

Muyang Cup CAD Drawing Competition: foster talents with college

Wheat and bajra, also known as pearl millet, are being used as substitutes for corn in The winners of Muyang Cup CAD Drawing Competition were finally announced in the Science Lecture Hall of Wuhan Polytechnic University on April 28, 2011. The Competition lasted for a month. Over 300 competitors from such departments as Food Science and Engineering, Animal Science, Mechanical Engineering and Civil Engineering of the University took part in the competition to show their talents and skills. In order to maintain a high level productivity to support its fast development worldwide, Muyang has been adopting the mode of college-enterprise cooperation to substantially foster its workforce. On the other hand, the talented college students the enterprise needs could make clearer career planning for themselves. The information comes on the heels of reports that the UK barley harvest is set to be the worst in 40 years due to lack of rainfall. This is going to have an impact in terms of the feed for our livestock, the lack of forage, the lack of hay, will have repercussions next winter for which we will all start to pay a heavy price, said Dr. Therese Coffey, Conservative MP for the Suffolk Coastal district. Wheat is currently selling for Rs 7.50 (US$0.17) per kilogram, while bajra and broken rice are selling for Rs 11,000 (US$242.89) per metric ton. Corn stands at Rs 10 (US$0.22) per kilogram, kept higher due to high moisture content in the current harvest and an increase in exports, according to farmers. The Compound Livestock Feed Manufacturers Association of India is calling for a stop to corn exports to ensure stable prices. If corn exports are discontinued, prices will fall by 5% to 10%, said B Soundararajan, managing director of chicken producer Suguna Group. chicken feed as corn prices in India continue to rise.

Ireland drought to affect animal feed industry

An ongoing drought in Northern Ireland will affect the countrys animal feed industry if conditions persist, according to reports.

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PRODUCT UPDATE
Grinding More Value out of Raw Materials

Model
Power (kW) Main drive Grading motor Feeding motor Rotor speed (r/min) Product granulation Require air volume (m3/h) Capacity (t/h)* Power consumption (kWh/t)* Service life (t)* Hammer knife Gear ring Wear plate Grinding disc

SWFL130E
132/160 11 1.5 1570 60~200 meshes 8400 4.0~6.5 22~24 1200~1600 4000~6500 1200~1600 6000~8000
(secondary grinding, 95% through 80 meshes)

>> Redesigned pulverizing structure

and aspiration system, smooth grinding and reduced power consumption.

>> New materials and technology

for wear parts production, long serve life.

>> Aspiration conveying, low

temperature without nutrient degradation.

>> No sieve furnished, avoiding

over-grinding and less maintenance.

he current difficulty of grain sourcing and price hike makes it very important for millers to process the valuable and expensive raw materials more efficiently and effectively.

*Depending on formulation and required granulation.

Having adapted to the changing needs of customers, Muyang is developing raw material processing

solutions designed to further increase output and promote the efficient use of available raw materials. On May of 2011, Muyang announced the adding of three grinding products to its portfolio.

SWFP66100XM Hammer Mill, specialized for alternative ingredients

Facing raw material shortage and high price pressure, feed manufacturers would turn to the alternative ingredients rather than keep the formulation unchanged. Specialized for wheat grinding and with the point of departure to get more value out of wheat without changing the original grinding process, Muyang SWFP66100XM Today, substituting corn with the more available and much cheaper wheat is more acceptable in the feed industry. However, tough and small, wheat grain is hard to be ground, thus raising different requirements to the grinding machine and technology. hammer mill is developed. The hammer mill is designed to be more compatible to the original process, and most of its spare parts are interchangeable with those of the other Muyang hammer mills. On the other hand, like the other
SWFP66100XM
2970 660 1.96 108 up to 102 1.1~1.8 132 2.0 12~16 9~10.5 2.5 16~20 7~8.5 3.0 18~22 6~7.5 2.0 15~19 9~10.5 160 2.5 20~24 7~8.5 3.0 23~27 6~7.5

SWFP66125C Hammer Mill, high capacity fine-grinding

The hammer mill is designed for high capacity fine-grinding in various industries. It is mainly applied in the primary- or secondary-grinding process in feed milling industry. It is also used for sized reduction of grain and oilseed meal in the food and oil milling industries.

Muyang SWFP hammer mills, this wheat grinding machine is also characterized by its high energy efficiency, stable performance and less maintenance.

SWFL130E Pulverizer, energy-efficient ultra-fine grinding

The size reduction of raw materials usually counts for over 1/3 of the total power consumption of a feed mill, so it is essential to improve energy efficiency of grinding machines for both interests of customers and environment, especially when it comes to the ultrafine pulverizer. Muyang has devoted great research efforts to the continuously improving of product quality, the output as well as energy efficiency of Muyang pulverizers for years, and rolled out the SWFL 130E Pulverizer recently.

Model Model
Speed of main shaft Rotor dia. Screen area Number of hammers Motor Hammer tip speed 1.0 mm screen hole 1.5 mm screen hole Capacity Power consumption Capacity Power consumption

SWFP66125C
2970 r/min 660 mm 2.25m2 160 200 kW (available of 220/250 kW) up to 102 m/s 16 t/h 14 kWh/t 22 t/h 10 kWh/t

>>

High capacity with maximum efficiency, power consumption less than 10 kWh/t with 1.5 mm screen.

Speed of main shaft (r/min) Rotor dia. (mm) Screen area (m2) Number of hammers Hammer tip speed (m/s) Ideal run vibration (mm/s) Motor (kW) Screen hole size (mm) Capacity (t/h) Power consumption (kWh/t) Recommend application

>> >>

High tip speed up to 102m/s, for superior fine grinding quality. Widened screen area of 2.25m2, facilitates throughput and prolongs service life of hammer and screen.

>> >>

Bearing vibration minimized to 1.1mm/s, stable running and reliable performance resulted. One-step screen hold-down device and fully-open sliding doors, labor and maintenance saving.

*The capacity depends on raw material composition and required granulation.

Grinding wheat for livestock & poultry feed with 2.5 screen; Primary grinding wheat for aquafeed with 2.0 screen.

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INTERVIEW

INTERVIEW

IAHC: Thank you so much for your time to our interview, could you please firstly introduce your company to us?

have made all these become true just in such a few years. IAHC: Facing stiff competitions, how has

R: Well, Belmont is a Filipino corporation representing major manufacturers from the US and around the world for agricultural and industrial equipment over the past 40 years. It is the industry leader who serves the poultry and livestock, bulk grain storage and handling, and feed milling industries. All the major poultry integrators, large-scale piggeries, and feed millers in the Philippines are Belmonts customers. IAHC: When did you set up such relationship with Muyang Group? And why did you choose Muyang?

Muyang Group successfully developed in the Philippine market so quickly? R: I think we should attribute it to the competitive products and good services that Muyang offers.

A Muyang Story A Muyang Story in the Philippines

talking with Mr. Enrique A. Repalda
By Roy
s one of the important members in China Pavilion, Muyang Group became one of the focuses on the 2011 VIV Asia show successfully held in Bangkok, Thailand from March 9th to 11th, 2011. During the show, the reporter from International Animal Husbandry China met Mr. Enrique A. Repalda from BELMONT, the exclusive agent for Muyang in the Philippines, and had a conversation with him. From the talk, you can get a general view of the development of Muyang Group in the Philippine market.

R: Our business relationship with Muyang started in 2006. We chose Muyang to be our partner because of their excellent equipment, very strong technical support, and great innovative ability and R&D force. Muyang staff is very votive, efficient and always gives fast and friendly supports to Belmont and to the customers. IAHC: What was the market like when Muyang was at the outset to Philippine market? R: Before Muyangs equipment exposure to the Philippines, the feed milling industry was dominated by European and US companies. Muyang had to work very hard to convince people of their fine quality equipment and multi-disciplined services. Muyang brought customers to China so they could see with their own eyes the excellent Muyang facilities and how big Muyangs market was in China, for seeing is believing.

Being a good listener, Muyang can always define and turn those improvement advices or specific requirements from customers into actual products or solutions.
Muyang equipment is of natural advantages and good price. You have to know, in the Philippine market, similar products of European or US brands are much more expensive than Muyangs, but for the quality and performance, the difference is not so obvious. It is such a natural thing that the customers prefer those products which are more cost effective. On the other hand, Muyang manufactures complete line of equipment, which is a distinguished advantage over the other suppliers. If the customer goes to buy one machine from one European brand, he may need to get other kind of machines from another company. But if he chooses Muyang, he can get everything he needs just from one single competent source. Besides the complete production line Muyang also fabricates other things or elements needed by its turnkey project, including steel silos, steel structures, etc. This makes it all the more important for the customers to rely on Muyang to provide the perfect coordination of the individual steps of project development from planning right up to commissioning of the turnkey plants. Additionally, Muyang can offer all kinds of after-sales services at the same time, which also helps our customers to save time and cost due to the deals with different companies.

IAHC: And now what is the situation for Muyang in the local market there? R: Well, that is the thing I feel proud of most. From the year of 2008, Muyang became more and more aggressive in marketing in the Philippines. For now, I believe that Muyang has a strong position with a large market share and prestige locally. It is really incredible that we

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Backing to the price issue, as an agent company with so many years experience, we know, it goes without saying, that if one company or product takes the advantage only in price, it is no way for them to take enough shares from the market, thats why I just emphasized the good services Muyang offers. Muyangs services are something strong and comprehensive rather than single ones, which you can see it clearly from the so called one-stop service and customized services. Being a good listener, Muyang can always define and turn those improvement advices or specific requirements from customers into actual products or solutions, thus meeting customers demands to the greatest extent. And the one-stop service makes our customers feel so convenient, and then wins great market shares for Muyang Group.

of Muyang in Philippines now? R: I think one of the most important things is that Muyang has helped several feed companies to set up their own plants. Muyang made the whole project for them according to their needs, from planning, manufacturing, construction up to equipment commissioning and operation training, especially the quality management all down the line. I do believe that the opening ribbon-cutting of these plants have shown that our turn-key projects have won the satisfaction and trust from our customers. IAHC: How do you think these plants can help those companies, and the whole feed industry in the Philippines? R: The superior equipment and power saving technology Muyang provided at a lower price have made the feed companies more efficient (less feed cost) and competitive locally and globally. Feed cost contributes 65% cost per kilo animal meat, thus less feed cost will mean a better future for the animal industry. IAHC: How can these plants build up brand image for Muyang in the local market?

PROJECT

There is no reason for a company who pays attention to such tiny details not to have its own place in the market.
Muyang always puts customers demands in the first place, and takes the initiative in fulfilling them. I think thats essential to the success. I can give you two examples. The first, Muyang has already considered the cost-saving performance when it provides solutions to customers. The product itself is designed to be cost-saving, which can produce more feed with less power. And the equipment installation or the project implementation also takes shorter time, which saves the time cost, and makes the return on investment much higher. The second example shows more concerns to the details from Muyang. Just like other companies, Muyang offers extra accessories to customers, but the difference is that, considering some of the customers may have equipment from other suppliers, Muyang not only offers the accessories of its own but also those of other brands. In my opinion, there is no reason for a company who pays attention to such tiny details not to have its own place in the market. IAHC: Are there any important movements

SNA Feed Mill in Sidi El Heni: Goals Achieved

R: It is really helpful for Muyang to have stunning showcase projects locally. Customers can now see how Muyangs project run and how Muyangs equipment actual work in the Philippines. It is more convenient and convincing. The industry now recognizes the market-front-runner position and quality of Muyang. IAHC: Will there be any more plants build by Muyang in the future? R: There is a continuing demand for quality equipment and complete technology support in the Philippine feed industry. I believe that Muyang will get a good share of the business, and build more competitive feed mills for the customers. Our company will strengthen the cooperation with Muyang in this area, try our best to make more customers know and trust Muyang, and we are quite upbeat about the brighter future for all of usMuyang, BELMONT, and the Philippine feed industry.

NA has been an important part of animal feed market as early as in 1976. It is the trademark property of the Poulina Group Holding (PGH), a leading Tunisian Group that engages in strategic integration of all activities in its agriculture business ranging from breeding to the distribution of food.

With its ambition and values, SNA targets at building a modern company to honor Tunis and create wealth, quality and health to all its concerned domains (customers, employees, society, environment, etc). The feed mill-related top priorities lie in the establishment of essential automation for easy operation, the increase of energy-efficiency for sustainable development, and the compliance with rigorous sanitary standards for animal welfare and human health. In addition, SNA will exert the greatest effort to pursue other goals to fully realize its intrinsic values. With all these respects, when SNA was considering how to increase productivity and how to build the fourth animal feed production site in Sidi El Heni in 2008, they turned to Muyang for a project pleasant cooperation between the two parties in 2004. as a result of the

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PROJECT

Scope of the project

With a nominal output of 45 tons per hour, the facility mainly produces 3.5mm poultry feed. It is also flexibly designed to produce pellet feed for cattle or sheep. The scope of the project mainly includes:

Cutting-edge automation
In the new facility, all levels of production cycle, from storage of raw materials to delivery, the manufacture of feed is managed by an advanced process control system, which is characterized by its advanced traceability and the elimination of cross contamination and easy accessibility. From every single equipment to the whole plant, Muyang has concerned every detail to create a precise and reliable fully automatic control system. For instance, the solutions selected to stop elevators from running back or sliding, sensors for material level detecting and that speed measuring of drag conveyors, the feeding proportion control of pellet mill and steam application system, etc. etc. spot dust collectors are adopted to diminish dust emission. The many spot dust collectors, together with the central dust collecting systems, can gain the feed mill good housekeeping and added profit by reducing shrinkage and lowering the chance of dust explosion. In addition, the plant automation system is applied to secure the safety of processing and eliminate cross contamination. formulation change. On the other hand, as a global integrated solution provider in feed industry, Muyang is specializing in the so called One-stop service. And its numerous resources are focused on the design, production, installation, commissioning, training, consultation and after service of grain storage silos, plant steel structure facilities, processing machines and plant automation, bringing more convenience, flexibility and simplicity for SNA. In 2010, Muyang was awarded another 45TPH poultry feed mill project from SNA in Libya. The continuous cooperation between the two parties confirms that Muyang is able to guarantee the satisfaction of customers with its own technology and service.

>>

23,000 tons of corn storage in seven (45,000 tons +31,000 tons) steel silos representing approximately two months consumption.

>>

A steel structure workhouse accommodating three 15T/H pelleting lines and a reserved thermal treatment line for powdery feed.

Rigorous safety and sanitary

SNA has committed itself to the strict implementation of HACCP and ISO standards. Catering to SNAs needs, Muyang bears in mind the feed quality as well as the safety of operators and machines when designing every installation accessories of the Sidi El Heni Feed Mill.

>> >> >> >> >>

A precise 50TPH proportioning system with 35 ingredient bins. All processing equipments ranging from raw material receiving to finished product bagging. 1,000 tons of finished product storage in 18 bulk load-out bins with two 20TPH bagging lines available. Computer-controlled operation and management within the entire plant. Lighting system, communication system and monitoring system.

Goals achieved
Muyang U-shaped drag conveyor is selected for finished product handling in this feed mill, which because of its excellent residue-eliminating performance, has been recommended for the other SNA feed mills. In order to prevent ingredients from bridging in the bins, a specially designed stepped surge hopper with an eccentric outlet was fabricated. As to dust control in this facility, at where dust is mainly produced such as dumping pit, elevator, conveyor, hammermill, The latest Muyang machines and technologies, which are upgraded for energy-efficiency and stable running, are applied in this mill. Besides, based on its vast technical resources and expertise, Muyang designs many products and solutions that meet every paticular need of SNA. The customized double-deck cooler , for instance, could reduce the waiting time for With the idea of Create value for customers, Muyang always considers the cost-effective performance from all aspects of its integrated solutions. After it was put into production in December 2009, the new poultry feed plant of SNA has been running into cost efficient operation in the country.

The feed mill construction was commenced in March 2009 and was completed on schedule and on the proposed budget in December 2009. After putting into production, Sidi El Heni Feed Mill and the other three production sites of Borj Cdria, Mateur and Sfax, SNA will see a 40 % of annual increase in Tunisias animal feed production.

From every single equipment to the whole plant, Muyang has concerned every detail to create a precise and reliable fully automatic control system.

For more information on the SNA Sidi El Heni Feed Mill project, Please contact: Leon Liang Muyang I.B.D. North Africa Sales Manager leonliang@muyang.com

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TECHNOLOGY

TECHNOLOGY
Efficient Production of New Alternative Aquafeeds
By Hongyuan Cheng1, Liang Ma2
1-Assistant Professor, Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute; 2-Senior Engineer, Muyang Group R&D Center.

the extrusion of food and feed, pellet expansion (or bulk density) is one important property in product quality control and measurement during pellet manufacture, which is different from paste and spaghetti production. Different strategies have been proposed to improve extrusion process technology. In industrial practice, two strategies are typically employed to control and determine suitable extrusion parameters to obtain the correct expansion pellet. One method is to set up extrusion parameters from experience and experimentation and to analyse processing results through response surface methodology or other methods. The other way is to modify the mechanical segments in the extrusion line, such as screw configuration and die structure and to change raw material particle size and precondition parameters. In industrial practice, however, the optimal combination of these methods is a very difficult job when initial trials cannot give the correct pellet expansion for one or several new recipes. In such a case, industrial practice experiences play a crucial role. At the same time, engineers and researchers have also made

Muyang Group have worked on using a new mathematical modelling method to analyse extrusion processing new aquafeed process in order to improve extrusion parameter determination procedure.
application of response surface methodology, principle component analysis and other multivariate data analysis methods, the extrusion process is treated as a black box. All possible factors are analysed through a statistic algorithm for identification of impact on pellet properties, e.g. pellet bulk density. The neural network method and genetic algorithm can be treated as a grey-box model for the extrusion process, in which the model can automatically update its equation behaviours in a few cases; learning from real extrusion process operation data. The numerical simulation method is built from a basic physical principle to describe an extrusion process. However, the construction of the numerical simulation method involves several equations to describe the extrusion process so that it has to be simplified for a real process and to yield a numerical solution. Engineers have started to explore a grey-box model to correlate the relationship between pellet bulk density and extrusion parameters based on the work of Cheng and Friis (Cheng, H. and Friis, A. Food and

New challenges in extrusion processing alternative aquafeeds

based ingredients in alternative aquafeed production. The potential plantbased alternatives already in use include soybeans, barley, rice, peas and other crops, along with canola, lupine, wheat gluten, corn gluten, various plant proteins and algae. With these potential ingredients, a many new aquafeed recipes can be formed for processing in the product development stage. To process all these new recipes in the extrusion process is a very expensive task in terms of time and raw material cost and can become a bottleneck sometimes. Although extrusion processing has been widely applied in aquafeed production, the understanding of the process is still very limited. In most cases, the search of suitable extrusion processing parameters depends on trial-and-error experiments and experience. To face the new challenges, new methods should be adapted to improve the efficiency in extrusion processing new aquafeed recipes.

efforts to search for new methods to improve the extrusion efficiency in terms of time and raw material cost for new product development. Recently, engineers have worked on using a new mathematical modelling method to analyse extrusion processing aquafeed to improve the procedure that determines extrusion parameters.

ith rapid development in aquaculture, the industry has realized that the use of

capture fish and fish processing by-products (so called fish meal) in aquafeed threatens aquacultures sustainability. Sooner or later, not enough fish meal can be used for aquafeed manufacture. Meanwhile, the aquaculture product increasingly plays a more important role in global food supply with the increase in world population, because agriculture productivity is limited by the amount of cultured land. As the aquaculture will play an important role in global food supply, the development of alternative materials to replace fish meal becomes one crucial aspect to allow the industry to expand in a sustainable manner. Many efforts have been made to use plant-

Improvement of extrusion processing method for aquafeed production

Extrusion cooking technology is a very efficient processing method in feed production. Nowadays, nearly all auqafeed is produced using extrusion. Within extrusion processing, several processes may occur, including fluid flow, heat transfer, mixing, shearing, particle size reduction and melting, where feed materials are exposed to high temperatures for a very short time. This gives a distinct advantage over conventional pressure cooking, in which the exposure could last several minutes at high temperatures. In

Application of modelling method to improve the procedure that determines extrusion parameters
Various modelling techniques have been established to describe and analyse extrusion process operations, such as response surface methodology, principle component analysis, neural network method, genetic algorithm and numerical simulation. In the Figure 1 composition changes of four recipes

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TECHNOLOGY

effects of adjusting extrusion parameters on pellet bulk density. From the analysis, we can obtain an optimal direction with which to adjust the extrusion process for a specific recipe. For example, there are four new recipes for processing, which is shown in Figure 1. In these recipes, the fish meal content (Xf) decreases with increasing wheat+bean/pea content (Xp). A small composite design method is used to arrange the extrusion process parameter adjustment table, which includes temperature, moisture content and screw speed. Between eight and 11 runs are arranged for each recipe. From these runs, a set of experimental data can be obtained. Based on Figure 2 water content (XH2O)=15%, fish meal (Xf)=48-84%,
wheat+bean (Xp)=16-52%.

To take advantage of extrusion process modelling work

As shown in the application, the modelling work provides a quantitative tool with which to aid the engineer in analyzing the effects of extrusion parameters on pellet bulk density. The modelling results can give a guide to avoid the blind trialand-error procedure when a recipe processing cannot give the correct pellet bulk density. From the modelling work, we do not need to examine every possible extrusion parameter combination and, therefore, can reduce the amount of Figure 4
water content(XH2O)=25%, fish meal (Xf)=48-84%,

the experimental data, we use the mentioned

experimental tests. The modelling result can quantitatively determine the relationship between pellet bulk density and extrusion operational parameters and, thus, can predict the pellet bulk density that has not been reached

wheat+bean(Xp)=16-52%

Bioproducts Processing, 2010, 88:188-194). In the model, the pellet bulk density is correlated with important extrusion process parameters, e.g. die temperature, moisture content, screw speed and specific mechanic energy. The formulation of the model is simple and can be solved using common mathematical tools, such as Microsoft Excel. The application of the model shows it doescorrelate pellet bulk density with extrusion parameters. An application is shown in following section.

four surfaces represent pellet bulk density behaviours along the extrusion parameters for four recipes. On each surface, the pellet bulk density can be read through given die temperature, Td and SME (calculated from screw speed). An operation window or range can be outlined from the surface. The analysis can help the engineer determine an optimal parameter adjustment direction to improve pellet bulk density. For example, Figures 2-4 show that Td/25=4.0-4.5 and Pd/SME=0.1-0.2 will give lower pellet bulk density or good expansion for processing all four recipes.

in experimental trials. Therefore, the time and raw material cost can be reduced in processing a group of new recipes in the product development stage. From our experience in application of the model for different extruders, the model is suitable for both twin-screw and single-screw extruders and can also be applied for laboratory, pilot and industrial-scale equipment.

Application of the model

In the development of alternative aquafeed, the extrusion engineer often has to process a batch of different recipe feeds in a pilot plant extrusion process. Even the production is not in a large amount; the production cost may be high in terms of time and materials. In practice, a typical method is to conduct initial trials in an existing extrusion line from experience to obtain the correct feed pellet. An experienced engineer may reach the correct feed pellet in a few runs. If the test run fails for one or several new recipes, the engineer must investigate all possible reasons, such as more extrusion parameter combinations, particle size, screw configuration, etc. The feed pellet extrusion processing may become a bottleneck in the alternative recipe development. To improve the current procedure for processing a group of new recipes, we introduce the modelling method of Cheng and Friis to analyse the trial results. For a group of new recipes, we first use a composite design method to arrange the initial trial sequence. Using the trial results, the pellet bulk density can be correlated to extrusion process parameters using the modelling method. By the correlation results, we analyse the modelling method to take into account the effects of extrusion parameters on pellet bulk density. The modelling results are represented in Figures 2-4. In Figures 2-4, the z axis represents the pellet bulk density (g/l), the x and y axes represent, respectively, die temperature Td (C) divided by 25 C and parameter group Pd/SME, where Pd is the die pressure (bar) and SME is the specific mechanic energy, SME=Ns/FT (: torque, Nm, Ns: screw speed, rpm, FT: total flowrate in extruder, kg/hr). In Figures 2-4, the modelling results are given in three moisture content conditions for four recipe composition variations. As shown in Figures 2-4,
Saudi Agriculture

EVENTS
Figure 3 water content(XH2O)=20%, fish meal(Xf)=48-84%,
wheat+bean(Xp)=16-52% Latin American Poultry ALA 2011 Graintech India 2011 PPA Kistock 2011 International Exhibition of Grain Tech Oct. Oct. 4-7 Oct. 4-6 Oct. 6-8 Oct. 16-19 Oct. 17-20 Saudi Arabia Malaysia Philippines Saudi Arabia Ecuador Sep. 6-9 Sep. 9-11 Sep. 16-17 Sep. 21-24 Sep. 22-24 Argentina India Pakistan Korea Bangladesh Sep.

Livestock Asia 2011 Agrilink Saudi Build 2011 Aqua 2011

Coming in Next Issue: It will focus on integrated solutions for livestock feed and pet food production.

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Muyang Global Presence

President of I.B.D.
Mr. Liu Guangdao liuguangdao@muyang.com liuguangdao@gmail.com

Asia Pacific
Mr. Mani Qian maniqian@muyang.com qsf1977@gmail.com

South Asia
Mr. Bob chen bobchen@muyang.com bobchent@gmail.com

Thailand
Mr. Xia Guoxin xgx@muyang.com mybjxgx@gmail.com

Russia
Mr. Ou Yong ouyong@muyang.com scouyong@gmail.com

Middle East
Mr. Arron Liu arronliu@muyang.com myliugang@gmail.com

CIS
Mr. James Xie xcy@muyang.com muyangxcy@gmail.com

North America
Mr. Justin Huang justinhuang@muyang.com huajustin@gmail.com

Europe
Mr. Tempe Liang liangtongbin@muyang.com liangtongbin@gmail.com

South America
Mr. Tim Xu timxu@muyang.com timoncf2003@gmail.com

Africa(North & West)

Mr. Sam Yin samyin@muyang.com samyzsa@gmail.com

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ocalized sale, technology and service, creating more value for customers. As its presence extended to over 80 countries, Muyang executes its go-to-market strategy by strengthening its international sale & service network to commit itself to delivering customers the latest technology,

Africa(South & East)

Mr. Kevin Zhong kevinzhong@muyang.com zds1212@gmail.com

prompt service and complete solution. As of Jun. 30, 2011, there had already 26 overseas offices been built in countries such as Russia, Brazil, India and so on. Over 200 professional salesmen and service personal are fostered and sent out with qualification, professional skills as well as social and linguistical knowledge, and the numbers will grow larger. It is believed with through a solid international sales & service network and plus about 40 overseas agencies, the customers can find Muyang wherever they are and be served whenever they need.

MY View Integrated Solution Provider

Integrated Solution Provider

MY View

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MY View Integrated Solution Provider