Exercise 4+5 Using ATPDraw program set up the model of the MV network shown in Fig.

20 kV L1 overhead 15km 110 kV U Zs T1 L2 cable 6km ZL2 W Rn Xn L5 overhead 18km ZL4 Busbar L3 cable 5km L4 overhead 25 km ZL3 ZL1

Fig.1. The MV network to be modeled The network parameters: 1. Supply system: U= 110 kV - rated system voltage Ssc = 1.4 GVA - system short circuit power Calculate: Zs1, Zs0, - positive and zero sequence source impedance. Model Zs as coupled 51 sequential line component. 2. Transformer (saturable 3phase model) Y/Y 110/20kV Sn = 63MV - rated power Usc =12.9% - short circuit voltage Pcu = 319.1 kW - power dissipated in windings PFe = 53.4 kW - active power dissipated in transformer core (iron losses) Calculate: RT, XT - winding resistance and reactance at the primary and the secondary side of the transformer Rm - magnetizing branch resistance m - steady state flux [Vs] Im - steady state magnetizing current [A] 3. Overhead line: The conductor layout is shown in Fig.2. Conductor cross- section S = 120 mm2 Conductor resistance (DC) Rc = 0.436 /km Calculate conductor radius Rout [cm] Rin = 0 One PI-section represents 2km long line segment

1,85 m

1,85 m

V tower =10 m

Vmid = 9 m

Fig. 2 Overhead line conductor layout 4. Cable The single core cables are arranged in a prism as in Fig. 3. which is buried 1.3m deep under ground.

Fig. 3 Cable lines layout. Single core cable parameters: Conductor core cross-section Sc = 185 mm2 Conductor- sheath insulation thickness dcs = 1.5 cm Sheath thickness ds = 3 mm Outer insulation thickness dout = 1cm. Conductor resistivity Rho = 2.84E-9 ohm*m Relative permeability of the conductor material = 1 Relative permeability of the insulator material outside the conductor u = 1 Relative permittivity of the insulator material outside the conductor = 5.1 One PI - section represents 500m long cable segment.

5. Loads: ZL1 ZL2 ZL3 ZL4

- 1.2 MVA , cos =0.97 - 1.6 MVA cos =0.95 - 846 kVA cos =0.98 - 1.1 MVA cos =0.96

6. The network neutral point grounding modes: - unearthed network Rn = 1M , W open - compensated network Rn = 1M , W closed, Xm set to suppress the fundamental frequency ground fault current - the network earthed via resistor Rn = 150 . W open I.Task to do ( first 2 hours) - set up the model - check the model performance in steady state for all neutral point earthing modes. - for ungrounded neutral point determine ( by simulation) the network capacitive current. Calculate the respective values of the compensating coil reactance Xn to obtain compensation coefficients kp = 1. Show the ground fault current waveforms in unearthed and compensated network for solid single phase ground fault at the busbar. II. Task to do (the second 2 hours) - incept a solid ground fault (Rf = 0.5 - phase A) in the middle of the longest overhead line in the network with unearthed neutral point. The fault appears at the maximum of the phase voltage and disappears after four cycles of the faulty steady state. Show the ground fault current waveform and determine the maximum and the steady state value of this current. Show the phase voltage waveforms at the busbar. Calculate the maximum overvoltages - determine the phase in which they appear. - repeat the experiment for compensated and resistively grounded network. - comment the obtained results. III. Task to do ( the third 2 hours) - repeat the experiment as in p. II for intermittent (arcing) ground fault. This is the fault which appears 3 times in each half-cycle at the maximum of the faulty phase voltage and disappears when the ground fault current drops below 0.1A. After the third arc flash the fault becomes solid and disappears as in p. II. - do the same assignments as in p.II.