Chapter 20 I Matrices ENHANCE

CHAPTER 20
MATRICES
20.1
Addition.
Important concepts.
a
b p
+
d r
q a + p
=
s c + r
b +q
d + s
Example 1
Exercise 20.1
3 7
5
+

1.
7 9
19 8
2.
(3
5) + ( 8
3.
3 7
+
0
1
3 + 7
=
5 + 4
10

=
9
Example 2
3)
(1
7 ) + ( 3 5)
= (1 + 3 7 + 5)
= ( 4 11)
Example 3
2 4 8 3
1 6
+
7 5
2 + 8 4 + 3
=
1 + 7 6 + 5
10
=
8
Matrices
11
Example 4
2
5 1
+
7
3
2 +1
=
3 + 3
3
=
6
4 5
+
0
7
5 +2
7 +6
13
20.2 Subtraction.
Important Concepts
p
_
r
a p
c r
b q
d s
Example 1
Exercise 20.2.
7 3
5
7 3
=
8 5
1.
5 6

3 2
2.
(8
2 ) ( 1 3)
3.
3 2

9
8
4
=
3
Example 2
(9
7 ) ( 4 3)
= ( 9 4 7 3)
= ( 5 4)
Example 3
3 4 4 1
8
3
3 4 4 ( 1)
=
7 2
8 3
7
=
5
Matrices
Example 4
4.
2 5 3 5
7 3

2 ( 3) 5 5
=
7 6
3 8
5
=
1
7 5

3
8
20.3 Multiplication
Important concept.
a
b
ka kb
k
c d
=
kc kd
(a
b)
q
=
( ap + bq )
a
ap
b
( p q) =
bp

a b p q
c d
r s
aq
bq
ap + br
cp + dr
Example 1
1 2 5 1 5 2 5
5
=
3 4 5 3 5 4 15
Example 2
4
3)
5

= ( 2 4 + 3 5 )
= ( 23 )
(2
Example 3
2
1
( 4 3)

2 4 2 3 8
=
1 4 1 3
=
Matrices
aq + bs
cp + ds
Exercise 20.3.
10
20
1.
6
9
2
2.
(2
3.(a)
3
( 5
(b)
6
5)
7
2
(1
2)
4) =
Example 4
2 3 5
1 4
6
2 5 + 3 6 28
=
1 5 + 4 6
=

29
Example 5
5 6
(1 3)
4 7
= (1 5 + 3 4 1 6 + 3 7 )
= (17 27 )
Example 6.
2 3 5 4
4 7
9 8
2 5 + 3 9
=
4 5 + 7 9
37
=
83
4.
5. (a)
(2
(b)
6.(a)
2 4 + 3 8
4 4 + 7 8
32
72
(b)
20.4 Combined Operations

20.4.1 Format A
Example
Find the matrix P such that
1 2
4 1
2
P =
2 3
3
0
Solution :
2 4 4 1
6 0

=P
2 3
2 5
=P
4
3
Exercise 20.4.1
1. Find the matrix P such that
Matrices
(2
5 7
6
3
4
4 )
3
3
h )
1
8 5
7
3
0
=
4
0 1
4
1
2
=
3
1 0
2 4
P =
3
3 5
3 1
2. Find the matrix P such that

3
1
0
3P =
4
2
20.4.2 Format B
Example
4
Given that
0
Solution :
3
m
+ 3
1
5
0 7
=
2
3
3
, find the value of m.
1
4 + 3m = 7
3m = 3,
m=1
Exercise 20.4.2
1.
2.
4 3
2 2 10 9
Given that
2 4
+ m
1 0
=
5 4
1 2
m 0 9 2
Given that
3 4
+ 2
1 2
=
5 8
20.4.3. Format C
Example
3 0 1
Express
1 5

as a single matrix.
2
Solution :
3 0 1 3 1 + 0 2 3
1 5
2 1 1 + 5 2 11
Exercise 20.4.3
3 2 2
1.
Express
4 1

as a single matrix.
2
3 8
5
2.
Express
4

as a single matrix.
2
20.4.4 Format D
Example
Given that ( m
3
2 )
1
0
= ( 2m
n
8) , find the value of m and of n.
Solution :
Matrices
( 3m + (2)
3m - 2
0 + 2n ) = ( 2m 8)
= 2m
3m - 2m = 2
m =2
2n = 8
8
n=
2
n=4
Exercise 20.4.4
1.
Given that ( m
2.
Given that ( 3
2
= ( 4 8) find the value of m and n.
4
n
= (10 15 ) find the value of m and n.
6
1
2 )
n
3
m )
1
20.4.5 Format E
Example
1
Given that m
0
Solution :
3 1 1 3
+
2
1 1 1
4
5
m+1=3
m=2
Exercise 20.4.5
1.
2.
1 2 2
Given that m
+
0 3 2
1 4 3
Given that m
+
2 1 3
2 5 8
=
,find the value of m.

2
2 11
3 4 7
=
,find the value of m.

3
5 4
20.4.6 Format F
Example
Given that ( k
1
5)
2
= ( 6 ) , find the value of k.

Solution :
- k + 10 = 6
- k = 6 10
-k = -4
k = 4
=====================================================================
Exercise 20.4.6
7
1.
Given that ( k 4 ) = ( k ) , find the value of k.
3
2
2.
Given that ( 5 k ) = ( k + 12 ) , find the value of k.
3
20.4.7. Format G
Example
x
Given that
2
( 4

Solution :
Matrices
6
y) =
8
20
, find the value of x and of y.
10
4x
xy 6
=
2y
8
20
10
4 x = 16
16
x =
4
x = 4
2 y = 10
10
y=
2
y= 5
Exercise 20.4.7
x
Given that
4
( 2

3
Given that
x
( y

1.
2.
10 15
y) =
8 12
,find the value of x and y.
9
9
3) =
1 1
, find the value of x and of y.
20.4.8. Format H
Example
3 k 2 2
Given

=

, find the value of k and n.
k n 1 1
Solution :
3 2 + k 1 2
k 2 + n 1
=

1
6 + k 2
2k + n
=

6 + k = 2
k= 2- 6
k = -4
2k + n = 1
2( -4) + n = 1
-8+n=1
n=9
Exercise 20.4.8
1.
2.
3.
2
Given
n
k
Given
1
k
Given
1
k k 6
= , find the value of k and of n.
5 1 k
3 2 20
= , find the value of k and of n
n 4 30
2 4 18

=

, find the value of k and of n.
n
5 n
Questions based on examination format
Matrices
1.
k 6 k
,
Given that 2 + =
1 3 5
find the value of k.
A. -6
B. -2
w 2
C. 2.
D. 6
2. Given that ( w 2 ) =

4
w 3 8
find
the value of w.
A. 1
B. 2
3.
C. -1
D. -2
1 4

=
0
6
8
A.
18
8
B.
18
4.
5.
14
C.
14
D.
12
1
Given that 2
3
1 4
A.
0
4
1 2
B.
0
4
Given that (1
2
1
M =
6
0
x
2
7)
0
, find the matrices of M.
4
13
C.
12
3
D.
12
1
= ( 11
2
5) , find the value of x
A. 11
B. 3
6.
7.
3
1 0
Given
5
+ 3
2e
=

,
e
A. 1
B. 0
Given ( 4
A. -3
B. -1
8.
Matrices
C. -3
D. -11
the value of e.
C. -4
D. -9
7
= ( 34 ) .Find the value of f.
2 f )
3
5 4
+ =
3 1
C. 2
D. 3
9
A.
4
9
B.
3
9.
10.
11.
2 1 3
6 3
+
0
8
3
A..
10 9
B.
10 9
2
Given that
0
A.
B.
Matrices
0
, the matrix of T is
1
2
C.
1
6
D.
1
1 3
4
= k
,
3 2
3
h ) k( k
3) = ( 26
-1
2 3 5
x 0
+
2
find the values of x and of y.
C.
D.
Express 3 ( 2
(-8)
(10)
find the value of k.

C.
D.
Given that
A.
B.
1 2
C.
10 5
1
8
D.
2 5
1
2
x=2,y=1
x = 2 , y = -1
14.
5
=
7
Given the matrix equation 5 ( 2

A.
5
B.
13.
4 2

1
4
2 3 4
=
T-
1
2
6 3
A.
3 1
2 3
B.
1
1
A.
B.
12.
20
C.
3

1
D.
4
4 7
=
1
4
4
8
17 ), find the value of h k .

C.
1
D.
C.
D.
(-28)
(-24)
y
,
1
x=4,y=2
x=6,y=1
4
1)
0
as a single matrix
15.
16.
Given that
2
6
m
( 3 1) =
6

A. 4
B. 6
(4
1
0
2)
4 4
A.
0 6
2
4
B.
0 6
17.
18.
20.
C. ( 6
6)
D. ( 4
10 )
2
C.
1
0
D.
5
Given that
4
1 7
m = ,the value of m is
7
2 1
-4
-3
C.
D.
Given that
k 6 k
, find out the value of k.
2 + =
1 3 5
A. -6
C. 2
B. -2
D. 6
5 1
Given that A=
4 1
and AB=I , where I is a identical matrix
find the matrix of B.

1
1
A.
4
5
10 5
B.
2 1
3
4
0
,
1
1 1
C.
4
5
5 1
D.
4
1
Past Year SPM Questions.
Matrices
C. -2
D. -3
1
=
3
Find out matrix of P in the matrix equation below

5 7
5 1
4 P =
3 4
17 8
1 2
A.
0 5
5 2
B.
0 1
A.
B.
19.
2
, the value of m is
2
10
November 2003
1.
(5
8) ( 4
3) +
A. ( 4 15 )
B. (12 9 )
2.
Given that ( 3
A. 9
B. 4
1
(6
2
8) =
C. (13
D. (15
x
x )
1
= (18 ). Find the value of x.

C. -3
D. -6
1 2
=
4
4
6
A.
10
12
B.
28
July 2004
3.
10
C.
6
10
D.
12
Given that 4(1 2 ) + M = ( 5

A.
(9
-1)
B.
(6
-1)
4.
5.
A.
B.
5)
13 )
7 ) , then M
C.
D.
4 2 1
1
2
1
7
6
1 2
7 2
November 2004
6.
Given the matrix equation 2 ( 4
A 4
B 8
C.
D.
h ) + k (1
2 ) = (13
C 10
D 11
16
16
(1
(1
9)
15)
8), fnd the value of h + k.
July 2005
7.
3
1 5
6
2
4
+
=

10
A.
Matrices
C.
11
B.
8.
D.
10
12
2m 0 m m
2
=
2 1 m 0
A.
B.
Matrices
m 2 2m 2
0
2m
m 2 0
2m 0
C.
D.
12
m2
2m 2
2m 2m
2m 2 2m 2
m 2m
November 2005
3 1 1 0
2
4 6

1 4
4 2
A.
1 4
4 3
B.
7 4
9.
3
5)
k
Given ( k
10.
A. 3
B. 8
5
C.
5
5
D.
9
0
= ( 24
1
5), calculate the value of k.
C. -1
D. -12
.
June 2006
1
3
4
2
1
=

4
A.
5
B.
2
11.
2
7
12. Given
A.
B.
2
3
A.
(7)
B.
10
D.
1
3
m
m
Given matrix P = ( 5
13.
C.
1
4
1
2
1
, calculate the value of m
0
C.
4
D.
8
2
3
1) and matrix Q =

, then PQ is
November 2006
Matrices
13
C.
(10
3)
D.
10
15
2
2
+ 3
1
2
1
14
A.
15 13
14.
13
B.
16
If ( 3
15.
0
3 1

=
3
2 5
8
C.
15
13
7
D.
10
4 p
2 )
p
= ( 7 ), then p =
A. 1
C.
B. 2
D.
1
2
7
9
June 2007
16.
17.
5
4 ) =
2
(3
A.
( 23 )
B.
(15
C.
8)
D.
Find the value of h and of k in the following matrix equation;

h 10
4
5 1
2
0
5 12
=
1
5
A.
h = -1, k = 1
C.
h = -4, k = 3
B.
h = -3,k = 2
D.
h = -8, k = 0
November 2007
18.
Matrices
15

15 20
6
8
4 5
=
2
2
14
7
A.
9
35
B.
2
19.
15 20
C.
2 4
15 8
D.
5 4
Find the value of m in the following matrix equation:

5
2 3
0 1 2
4 7
2
3 m
=
2 1
A. 1
B. 3
C4
D6
Jun 2008
20.
21.
A.
14
B.
3
=
1
10
1
Given that
2
A.
-3
B.
Matrices
3 1 6 2 1
+
1
2 4 10 2
C.
10
12
D.
12
4 3 5
=
, find the value of x.
x 2 0
C.
-1
D.
15
1
3
November 2008
2
3
4
22.
3
1
0
4
=
A.
10
3
0
B.
3
0
23.
(6
C.
D.
2 ) (1 4
A.
(4
B.
(4
1)
C.
(2
1)
D.
(2
15 )
15 )
ANSWERS
Chapter 20: Matrices.
Matrices
7 ) + 3( 1 3
20.2 Subtraction
1
1.
5
2. (9 1)
1
1
3.
6 14
2
1
4.
2
3 16
3
4
12
4
2) =
12
0
4
0
1
20.1 Matrices. Addition.
20.3 Multiplication
2
1.
11
2. ( 5 2 )
63
54
1.
18 45
2. ( 47 )
8
20
3 12
3.(a)
, (b)
15
2
6
8
36
4.
32
5.(a) ( 4 6 )
(b) ( 6 h 4h ) 6.
44
96
1 2
(a)
(b)
46 93
3 14
11
3.
7
7
4.
8
20.4 Questions According to SPM Format.

20.4.1
1
1.
6
20.4. 2.
1. m = 3
2. m = 4
20.4. 3
10
1.
10

5
2.
22
20.4. 4.
1.m = 8, n = -2
2.m = 1, n = 3
20.4. 6
20.4. 7
1. x = 5 , y = 3
1
2. x = 3
20.4.8
1 3
1
2.
0
3
20.4.5
1. m = 3.
2. m = 1
1. k = 2
2. k = -
Objective Questions
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. B
8. A
9. C
10. A
1
2
1. k = 2 , n = -
2. k = 4 , n = 7
3. k = 2 , n = -1
11. B
12. B
13. D
14. D
15. C
16. D
17. D
18. D
19. B
20. A
Past Year SPM Questions

1
Matrices
11
21
17
3
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Matrices
A
A
D
A
A
D
A
D
D
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
C
A
A
C
A
C
A
B
B
22
23
18
A
D

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CHAPTER 20

20.4 Combined Operations

2. Find the matrix P such that

, find the value of m.

, find the value of m.

8) , find the value of m and of n.

,find the value of m.

,find the value of m.

Questions based on examination format

5) , find the value of x

find the value of k.

Given the matrix equation 5 ( 2

17 ), find the value of h k .

find the matrix of B.

Past Year SPM Questions.

Find out matrix of P in the matrix equation below

Given that 4(1 2 ) + M = ( 5

8), fnd the value of h + k.

5), calculate the value of k.

Find the value of h and of k in the following matrix equation;

Find the value of m in the following matrix equation:

20.1 Matrices. Addition.

20.4 Questions According to SPM Format.

Past Year SPM Questions

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