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1. Angle subtended by an arc at the centre is twice the angle subtended at the circumference by the same arc. y O x = 2y
x
Example x a) Find O value of x. the Exercises i). Find the value of x.
O x = 110 2 = 55 110 35
x=
ii) 220 O x
iii) 42
x=
O
x = x
x
O
o
x 54 x=
Circles III
ii) 35 o x=
ii)
x o x=
b) Angles subtended at the circumference by arcs of the same length are the same.
y x
x=y
x 47o
47
y
y = 47o
y 38
x=
y=
Circles III
60o 27 y x y
y=
17o
x+ y =
s p + r = 180o p q + s = 180o b) The exterior angle and the corresponding interior opposite angle of cyclic quadrilateral are equal q r x x=y
x = 180 - 85 = 95
y = 180 - 95 = 85
x=
y=
ii) A x
Circles III
iii)
50 C
110
O D
A x B 50 C x= y= y=
110
P x S y R x=
110
O D
O 100 Q
A tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the 11.2. PROPERTIES OF TANGENTS TO CIRCLES. 11.2.1 Tangent to a circle
Tangent O
11.2.2 A P O
p C
qo
i) ii) iii)
Tangents drawn from an external point are equal, AB = CB The tangents subtend equal angles at the centre, AOB = COB The line joining the external point to the centre of the circle bisects the angle between the tangents, ABO = CBO p+q
= 180
Exercise a i)
O
O
70
65
x
x = 90 - 65
x=
= 25
Example P Exercises b i) Find the value of x. P
50
Q O
x 15 R
Q
R
x = 180 - 50 = 130 x = ii) Find the value of x and y iii) Find the value of x and y.
y x R
54
Q
13
y P
x = x= y=
y=
Angle between a tangent and a chord through the point of contact is equal to the angle in the alternate segment. a=b
x=y
Example 1 Given STU is a tangent to the circle with centre O. Find the value of x and y. S
1a) Given PQR is a tangent to the circle with centre O. Find the value of x and y.
63 47
T
x
60
75 U
y x= 2a) P 35 47 Q x y R P x Q y R
x = 47 y = 63 Example 2 S
y=
y 58
x
x= y=
x = 58
y = 180- 116 = 64
Circles III
b)
c) 31o
15o 88o
81o
x= x = y= y =
x
M
38
DIAGRAM 1
Q
A B
38 52
C D
109 142
2. In diagram 2, PQR is the tangent to the circle with centre O. Given that the length of arc MN is equal to length of arc NQ. Find the value of x.
N
R O M 48 x Q
DIAGRAM 2
A B
Circles III
21 48
C D
69 100
3. In diagram 3, O is the centre of a circle and PQR is a tangent . Find the value of x.
P Q
45
110 S
DIAGRAM 3
A B
45 90
C D
115 220
4. In Diagram 4, PQR is the tangent to the circle with centre O. Find the value of x.
48 P
DIAGRAM 4 Q C D 42 60
R
A B
21 24
F 65O 56O A
A B 48 54
E xO D
DIAGRAM 5
B
C D 56 59
Circles III
6.
In Diagram 6, KOLM is a straight line and MN is the tangent to the circle with centre O. Find the value of x..
K 38
L x
A B 7.
14 19
C D
38 142
38 65
y Q
DIAGRAM 7
A B 8.
103 115
C D
141 168
In diagram 8, ABC is the tangent to the circle at B. Given that EF = ED and CDF is the straight line. Find the value of y .
F E y
D 80 A B
DIAGRAM 8
36
A B
Circles III
28 44
C D
60 62
Q y 45 T R 70
In diagram 10, tangent AE touches the circle ABCD at A. Given BC is parallel to AD. Find the value of x + y.
C B 42 53 x D
A B 11.
36 42
C D
53 95
In Diagram 11, PT is the tangent to the circle PQRS and RST is the straight line.
R 70 Q x S 100 y
DIAGRAM 11
The value of x + y is
A B
Circles III
110 130
C D
150 170
10
12.
O A 42
DIAGRAM 12
y C
In Diagram 13, PST is tangent to the circle with centre O, at S and POR is straight line.
Q 64 O
DIAGRAM 13
y P T S
C D
46 62
In the diagram below, ABC and APQ are tangents to the circle with centre O.
C
B 148 O
DIAGRAM 14
A x P Q
The value of x is A 48 B 58
Circles III
C D
74 84
11
15.
P x O 30 Q
DIAGRAM 15
58
The value A B
of x is
52 56
C D
58 62
16.
In Diagram 16, KLM is a tangent to the circle. The value of x is Q 35o P K DIAGRAM 16 65o K A B 76 78 L C D x
o
M 80 82
17.
In Diagram 17, MNP is a tangent to the circle QRN at N with centre O. The value of x is
R
50 24
O x N
DIAGRAM 17
A B
40 64
C D
74 124
QPS = SPB.
12
R Q A 40 S x
DIAGRAM 18
B
In Diagram 19, PQ is a tangent to the circle PRS with centre O. SRQ is a straight line. DIAGRAM 19
S x O R
Find the A B 25 40
P
40
value of x. 50 100
Q
C D
20.
In diagram 20, PQR is a tangent to the circle QST. Given that PTS is a straight line.
DIAGRAM 20
x P 48 Q 65 R
C D
67 113
13
November 2003 In Diagram 3, RST is a tangent to the circle with centre O, at point S.
100 R y O 55
June 2004 In the Diagram 3, O is the centre of the circle and JKL is a tangent to the circle at point K.
L
15
K
n
J O
55
M
DIAGRAM 3
The value of n is A B 25 40 C D 50 65
November 2004 In Diagram 2, JK is a tangent to the circle KLM at K and JML is a straight line
Circles III
14
DIAGRAM 2 30
C D
60 75
In Diagram 2, O is the centre of circle QST and PQR is the tangent to the circle at Q.
S O R T Q 40 P
DIAGRAM 2
Circles III
15
R 68 P
DIAGRAM 3
Q
The length of arc PR is equal to the length of arc QR. Find the value of x. A. B. 22 34 C. D. 44 68
50 T Q
DIAGRAM 2
60 80
C D
100 140
16
In Diagram 2, QRT is a tangent to the circle centre O, at R. PUS, OPQ and OUR are straight lines.
O 25 U
P R T
DIAGRAM 2
X
Q
June 2007 In Diagram 3, TQU is a tangent to the circle centre O, at point Q. SPQ is straight line.
O
66o 27o
xo Q P
S R Diagram 3 U
114 117
C D
120 126
17
P
O
16
E
Find the value of x. A B 32 48
58
F Diagram 3
C D
61 74
June 2008 1. In Diagram 4, URT is the tangent to the circle PQRS at point R. PQR is an equilateral triangle and URS = 20o .
S U
20
R Diagram 4
2. In Diagram 5, O is the centre of a circle. TQU is the tangent to the circle at point Q. PSR is a straight OPS = 10o . line and
Circles III
18
10 O
S
43 x 32
T
Find the value of x. A B 18 22
Q Diagram 5
C D
28 33
November 2008 In Diagram 3, JKL is the tangent to the circle centre O at K and JNM is a straight line . M 50
35
K Diagram 5
ANSWERS
Circles III
19
iii) 84 iii) 30 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. C C C A D A C A B D 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. A C B C D C B B A A
y = 38 y = 60 y = 100 y = 125 y = 50
2003 NOV 2004 JUNE 2005 JUNE 2006 JUNE 2007 JUNE 2008 JUNE
B A B C B C
2004 NOV 2005 NOV 2006 NOV 2007 NOV 2008 NOV
B C A B A
Circles III
20