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GRADIENT m =
Y2 Y1
X 2 X1
Example
Exercises
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
3
1 3
1 1
9) (0, ) and ( ,0 )
10) (- , ) and ( ,- )
2
2
2 2
2 2
INTERCEPT
y-intercept (x = 0)
The Straight Line
72
x-intercept (y = 0)
X-intercept
y=0
Example
Exercise
1) y = 2 x + 4
1) y = 3 x + 6
y = 0 0 = 2x + 4
4 = 2x
2 x = 4
4
x=
= 2
2
x- intercept = -2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2) y = 5 x 2
2) y = 2 x + 5
y = 0 0 = 5x 2
2 = 5x
5x = 2
x=
2
5
5
2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3) y = 4 x + 5
4.) y = 3 x +1
x-intercept =
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5) 2 y = 3 x 6
6) 2 y = 2 x + 5
7) y =
2
x +6
3
8) y =
73
2
x 4
5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
1
9) 2 y = x + 12
10) 3 y = x 3
5
9
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11) 2 y = x +12
12) 3 y = 3 x 2
y intercept
x=0
Example
Exersice
1) y = 2 x + 6
x = 0 , y = 2(0) + 6
y=6
y- intercept = 6
1) y = 3 x + 8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2) y = 2 x 7
3.) y = 3 x 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
1
4) y = x + 6
5) y = x 6
3
2
74
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
2
6) y = x + 7
7) y = x 10
3
5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Example
3
1
8) 2 y = x + 12
9) 3 y = x 21
5
9
3
X = 0, 2y = (0) + 12
5
2y = 12
y=6
y intercept = 6
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10) 2 y = x +12
11) 3 y = 3 x 2
..
Gradient y-intercept
THE EQUATION OF A STRAIGHT LINE PASSING THROUGH THE POINTS AND
GRADIENT
The Straight Line
75
Example
1) (2,7) and m = 3
y = mx + c
7 = 3(2) + c
7=6+c
76=c
c=1
Exercise A
1) (4,9) and m= -2
2) (-1,7) and m = 5
6) (-1,-4) and m =
2
5
7) (-10,10) and m = -
4
5
76
8) (0,-3) and m =
1
2
9) (-6,-2) and m =
4
3
Exercise B
1) (2,7) and m = 3
1) (4,9) and m= -2
y 7 = 3( x 2)
y 7 = 3x 6
y = 3x 6 + 7
y = 3 x +1
.
2) (-3,-5) and m = 4
3) (-1,7) and m = 5
.
4) (4,-9) and m =
1
2
5) (5,-11) and m = -2
77
6) ( -4,-5) and m =
y ( 5) =
2
3
7) (4,-7) and m = -
3
4
2
( x ( 4))
3
2
( x + 4)
3
3( y +5) = 2( x + 4)
3 y +15 = 2 x +8
3 y = 2 x +8 15
3 y = 2 x 7
y +5 =
.
2
4
8 (-1,-4) and m =
9) (10,10) and m = 5
5
.
1
4
10) (0,-3) and m =
11) (-5,-2) and m =
2
3
Exercise
1. (2,1) and (4,3)
78
3
+c
2
3
C= 4 2
1
=2
2
4=
1
5
x+
2
2
Or 2y = x + 5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2) (-1,2) and (3,4)
3) (-2,1) and (4,3)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1
1
8) ( ,4 ) and (3,-6)
9) ( ,5 ) and ( ,3 )
2
3
3
79
Exercise
1) (0,-3) and y = -2x + 5
y 2 = 3( x 1)
y 2 = 3 x 3
y = 3 x 3 +2
y = 3 x 1
2) (2,4) and y + x = 5
2) (0,6) and y = 5x -1
y = -x + 5
m = 1
y 4 =1( x 2)
y 4 =x +2
y =x +2 +4
y =x +6
.............................................................................................................................................................
3) (8,-5) and 5y + 20x = -2
3) (2,3) and 2x -5y = 12
5y = -20x -2
20 x 2
y=
5
2
y = - 4x 5
m = 4
y (5) = 4( x 8)
y +5 = 4 x 32
y = 4 x 32 5
y = 4 x 37
4) (5,2) and y = x -3
5) (1,8) and 3x + y =4
80
6) (3,4) and y = 2x -2
7) (0,-3) and 2x + y -5 = 0
8) (-1,3) and y = 3x + 1
9) (4,0) and y = 3x - 11
(i)
(ii)
y 4 = 1( x 0)
y 4 = x
0 4 = x
x =4
B(2,2)
x-intercept = 4
(iii)
the equation of AC
2 0
M AC = M OB =
=1
2 0
y 4 =1( x 0)
y 4 = x
y = x +4
Diagram 1
y =0
the equation of AB
A(0,4)
4 2
2
=
= 1
0 2 2
x-intercept for AB
gradient AB=
81
EXERCISE
1.Base on diagram 2
(i) gradient PQ
P(0,6)
Q(3,5)
(ii)
x-intercept for PQ
Diagram 2
(iii)
the equation of PR
A(2,6)
C(5,4)
B(-3,3)
Diagram 3
82
Q(7,8)
P
(ii) find the y-intercept of PQ
Diagram 4
-6
A
Diagram 5
83
5.
P(0,6)
the coordinate of Q.
Q
Diagram 6
6.
D(-4,6)
G(h,4)
x
E
(a)
(b)
( c)
7.
Diagram 7
N(6, p)
84
-5
Diagram 8
L
Find
(a) the value of p
(b) the equation of straight line LN
8.
J(-4,2)
M
Diagram 9
Find
(i)
the x-intercept for the straight line JK
(ii)
the equation of the straight line ML
(iii)
the coordinate M
SPM PAST YEAR QUESTIONS (PAPER 2)
1. SPM 2003
In Diagram 2, the graph shows that PQ, QR, and RS are straight lines. P is on the y-axis. OP is
Parallel to QR and PQ is parallel to RS.
R
P
x
(8, -7)
Diagram 2
The equation of PQ is 2x + y = 5
(a)
State the equation of the straight line QR
85
(b)
Find the equation of the straight line RS and hence, state its y-intercept.
[ 5 marks ]
2. SPM 2004
In Diagram 3, OPQR is parallelogram and O is the origin.
y
R(4,12)
Q
0
x
P(3, -6)
Find
(a)
(b)
Diagram 3
3. SPM 2005
In Diagram 2, O is the origin, point R lies on the x-axis and point P pies on the y-axis.
Straight line PU is parallel to the x-axis and straight line PR is parallel to straight line ST. The
equation of straight line PR is x + 2y = 14.
y
P
U
x + 2y -14
O
T(2, -5)
Diagram 2
86
(a)
(b)
Find the equation of the straight line ST and hence , state its x-intercept
[ 5 marks]
P (-1, 10)
R(4, -11)
Diagram 3
Find
(a)
(b)
5. SPM 2006(Nov)
Diagram 5 shows a straight line PQ and a straight line RS drawn on a Cartesian plane. PQ is
parallel to RS.
y
P (0, 4)
R (0, 4)
S (0, 4)
Diagram 5
Find
a) the equation of the straight line PQ,
b) the x-intercept of the straight line PQ
[ 5 marks ]
87
y
S (8 , 3)
Q(-4,0)
R
Diagram 2
Find
(a)
(b)
7. SPM 2007(Nov)
In Diagram 2, O is the origin .Straight line KL is parallel to straight line MN. The equation of
straight line KL is 2x + y = 4. The points L and N lie on y-axis .
K
M (-3, 7)
L
N
O
Diagram 2
Find
c) the equation of the straight line MN,
88
y
Q
P
R( 7, 2)
O
0
Find
(a)
(b)
Diagram 5
P (3 , 5)
Q(11,1)
O
Diagram 6
89
Find
(a)
(b)
ANSWERS
Gradient
Exercise
1)
1
6)
2)
7)
5
2
1
3
1
3)
8)
4)
9)
1
3
10. x = -27
5.
3
2
2
5)
1
3
10)
Intercept
x-intercept
1.
x = -2
7.
x= 9
2.
8.
5
2
x = 10
x=
3.
9.
5
4
x = -20
x=
y-intercept
90
4.
x=
11.
x=2
x = -12
6.
12.
x=
5
2
2
3
1.
7.
y=8
y = -10
2.
y = -7
3.
9.
y = -9
y = -7
4
10.
y=6
y = -6
5.
11.
2
3
y = -6
y=
6.
y=7
2
x5
2. y = 5x +12
7. y = -
3. y = -2x + 1
4
x+2
5
8. y =
1
x3
2
2
x3
3
4
9. y =
x-1
3
3
x -19
4
4. y =
5. y = -
5.
2y = -5x + 1
18
5
6.
y=x1
y = 3x 5
1
x+
4
2.
y=
9
4
7.
y = 6x + 11
3.
3y = x + 5
4.
y = -2x 1
8.
y = -4x + 6
9.
y = 12x + 1
y = 2 x 3
6.
11.
y = 2x -2
2y = x + 5
2.
y = 5x + 6
3. y = 2x + 11
4.
y=x3
5.
y = -3x +11
7.
y = -2x 3
8. y = 3x + 6
9.
y = 3x 12
10.
y = -2x + 3
(i)
3
5
(ii)
x = 18
y=
3
x+1
5
(iii) x = -
91
5
3
3.
(i)
4
3
(ii)
y = 8x 48
4.
(i) -6
(ii)
y=
5.
(i) Q = (4,0)
(ii)
2y = -3x - 9
6.
(i) x = 2
(ii)
( 4,0 )
7.
(a) p = 7
8.
(a)
1
2
3
x6
2
(iii) y = -2x + 2
(b) y = 2x 7
(b)
2y = x + 2
(c)
(b) y-intercept =9
(b) x = -
92
3
2
(-2,0)
(a) y = -2x + 11
6. SPM 2007 ( June) Q7
3
(a) y = x 3
4
(b) x intercept =
11
2
(b) x-intercept = 4
(b) x intercept =
1
2
(b) x-intercept = 3
(b) y intercept = 13
93