CHAPTER 13 MATRICES

13.1 Identity Matrix

a) If AI = IA = A, where A is any square matrix, then I is an identity or unit matrix.
1 I = 0 a If A = c 0 is a 2 x 2 identity matrix. 1 b 1 1 , then inverse of A , A = d ad bc d c b a

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b)

13.2

Inverse Matrix a) b) c)

When ad bc 0, the expression ad bc is the determinant of matrix A.

1 A does not exist if the determinant is zero.

13.3

Matrix Equations

Important concept. the two linear simultaneous ax + by = p cx + dy = q can be changed into matrix form: a b x p c d y = q

13.3.1 Write the simultaneous Linear Equations as a Matrix Equations

Example 1 : 2x + y = 2 7x + 3y = 6 2 1 x 2 7 3 y = 6 Example 3 : 2x + y = 2 -7x + 3y = 6 1 x 2 7 3 y =
2 6

Example 2 : 2x y = 2 7x + 3y = 6 2 1 x 2 = 7 6 3 y Example 4 : 2x + y = 2 7x 3y = 6 1 x 2 7 3 y =
2 6

Questions based on Examination Format

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Example :

1 2 Find the inverse matrix of 5 8 ii) Using matrices, calculate the value of k dan m which satisfy the following matrix equation : 1 2 k 1 5 8 m = 11 Solution : 1 1 8 2 1 2 i) = 5 8 1( ) ( )( 5) 5 1 8 2

i)

1 8 +10

8 5 2 1

2 1

ii)

1 5

1 8 2 5 2 k 1 = 8 m 11 =
k 1 = m 5
2 8

1 11

k 1 8 = m 2 5

2 1 1 11

8 k 1 ( )(1) + 2(11 ) = m ( )(1) +1(11 ) 2 5

k 1 8 + 22 = m 2 5 +11 k 7 = m 3

1 2

14 6

14 = 2 6 2

hence k = 7 and m = 3

5 4 1 0 1) a) Given that E is the matrix 4 3 , find the matrix F such that EF = 0 1 b) Using matrices, calculate the values of m and n which satisfy the following matrix equation.

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5 4

4 m 6 = 3 n 2 0 x 12 = , it is found that 3 y 11

2)

3 When solving the matrix equation 2 x 1 p q 12 = y k r s 11 a) Find the values of k, p, q, r and s. b) Hence, find the values of x and y

3)

a) b)

3 4 Find the inverse matrix of G = 1 2 Using matrices, calculate the values of x and y which satisfy both of the following equations. 3x 4y = 7 x + 2y = 4

4)

a) b)

4 Given that the inverse matrix of 3

5 is 2 k

5 7 , state the value of h and k. 4 7

Using matrices, calculate the values of x and y which satisfy both of the following equations. 4x + 5y = -1 3x + 2y = 8

5)

1 m 1 1 n , a) Given that F is the matrix 10 n and the inverse matrix of F is 10 5 1 0 find the value of m and n. b) Hence, calculate the values of x and y which satisfy the following matrix equation. x 4 F = y 6

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6)

a) b)

1 1 Find the inverse matrix of 6 8 Hence, calculate the values of h and k which satisfy the following matrix equation. 1 1 h 2 = 6 8 k 15

7)

a) b)

1 1 1 1 m , Given that M is the matrix 3 1 and the inverse matrix of M is k n 1 Find the values of k, m and n hence, calculate the values of x and y which satisfy the following matrix equation. x 3 M = y 5

8)

5 Given that E = 3

a) b) c)

8 4 , k 10 4 0 Find the value of k where EF = 0 4 State the inverse matrix of E Hence, using matrices, find the value of x and y which satisfy the following matrix equations. 5 4 x 6 3 2 y = 4 4 and F = 2

9)

a) b)

1 2 4 1 , find the value of m and p. The inverse matrix of 3 4 is m p 2 Using matrices, calculate the value of x and y which satisfy the following simultaneous linear equations. 2x + y = 4 3x 4y = 17

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10)

3 4 a) It is given that matrix M = 1 2 , find the inverse matrix of M b) Using matrices, find the values of x and y which satisfy the following equations. 3x + 4y = -11 x + 2y = -7

PAST YEAR SPM QUESTIONS

November 2003 1.
3 2 1 0 M is a matrix where M 5 4 = 0 1 a) Find the matrix M b) Write the following simultaneous linear equations as a matrix equation. 3x 2y = 7 5x 4y = 9 Hence, calculate the values of x and y using matrices.

( 6 marks )

July 2004 2.
2 3 a) Find the inverse matrix of 5 6 . b) Using matrices, calculate the value of x and of y thay satisfy the following simultaneous linear equations:
2 x +3 y =1 5 x + 6 y = 2

( 6 marks ) November 2004

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3.

a) b)

3 The inverse matrix of 5

4 6 is m 5 6

p , find the value of m and of p. 3

Using matrices, calculate the value of x and of y that satisfy the following simultaneous linear equations. 3x 4y = -1 5x 6y = 2 ( 6 marks )

July 2005 4.
1 2 1 0 P = P is a 2 x 2 matrix such that 3 0 1 4 a) Find the matrix P b) Write the following simultaneous linear equations as a matrix equation:
x 2 y =8 3 x + 4 y =6

Hence, using matrices, calculate the value of x and of y. ( 6 marks ) November 2005 5.
2 5 3 and matrix Q = k It is given that matrix P = 1 1 3 1 0 PQ = 0 1 a) Find the value of k and of h h such that 2

b)

Using matrices, find the value of x and of y that satisfy the following simultaneous linear equations : 2x 5y = -17 x + 3y = 8 ( 6 marks )

July 2006 6. (a)

3 4 . It is given that matrix M = 1 2 Find the inverse matrix of M Write the following simultaneous linear equations as matrix equation:
3x 4 y =13 x + 2y = 6

(b)

Hence, using matrices, calculate the value of x and of y. ( 6 marks )

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November 2006 7. (a) (b) It is given that 1

1 2

2 n is inverse matrix of

3 1

4 . Find the value of n. 2

Write the following simultaneous linear equations as matrix equation:

3u 4v =5 u +2v =2

Hence, using matrices, calculate the value of u and of v ( 6 marks )

Jun 2007 8.
1 2 . a) Find the inverse matrix of 3 4 b) Write the following simultaneous linear equations as matrix equation:
x 2 y =4 3 x + 4 y =2

Hence, using matrix method, calculate the value of x and of y. ( 6 marks )

November 2007 9. (a) (b)

1 4 2 n 2 1 0 = . Find the values of m and n. m 5 3 5 4 0 1 Using matrices, calculate the value of x and y that satisfy the following matrix equation.

Given

4 5

2 x 1 = 3 y 2

( 7 marks ) Jun 2008

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10.

(a) (b)

Given that

1 p

4 q

2 1 1 3

2 1 = 4 0

0 . Find the value of p and q. 1

Write the following simultaneous linear equations as matrix equation:

x +2 y = 2 3 x + 4 y = 11

( 7 marks ) November 2008 11. The inverse matrix of

(c)
(d)

2 3 1 7 is k m 4 7

3 2

Find the value of m and of k. Write the following simultaneous linear equations as matrix equation:
2 x + 3 y = 1 4 x +7 y = 5

Hence, using matrix method, calculate the value of x and of y. ( 6 marks )

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ANSWERS
QUESTIONS ACCORDING TO EXAMINATION FORMAT. 1)
3 a) 4 4 5

6)

a) b)

b) m = -26, n = 24 2) a) k = -9, p = -3, q = 0, r = -2, s = 3 b) x = 4, y = -1 a) b)

1 1 0
2 1 4 3

1 1 8 6 1 2 1 3 h= ,k= 2 2

7)

a) k = 4, m = -1, n = 3 b) x = 2, y = 1 8) a) b) k=6

3)

x = 3, y =

1 2

4)

a) b)

2 3 ,k= 7 7 x = 6, y = -5 h=

4 1 2 3 5 2 c) x = 2, y = -1 1 9) a) m = , p = -3 11 b) x = 3, y = -2

5)

a) b)

m = 5, n = 4 x = 1, y = -1

10)

a) b)

1 2 1 3 2 2
x = 3 , y = -5

PAST YEAR SPM QUESTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. a) a) a) a) a) a) 1 4 2 2 5 3 3 1 6 5 2 3 1 6 4 2 5 3 4 2 1 3 1 10 1 k= , h=5 1 1 4 1 2 1 3 10

3 2

b)

3 5

2 x 7 = , x = 5 , y = 4 4 y 9

b) x = -4, y = 3 b) x = 5, y =
1 b) 3

1 1 2 2 x 8 = , x = 2, y = -3 4 y 6

b) x = -1, y = 3
3 4 u 5 3 b) 1 2 v = 2 , x = 3, y = 2 3 4 u 5 1 b) 1 2 v = 2 , u = -1, v = 2

a) n =

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8. 9. 10. 11.

a)

1 4 2 10 3 1

b) x = 2, y = -1 b) x =

a) m = 2, n = 3 a) p = 10, q = 3 a) k = 2, m = - 4

1 3 , y= 2 2 1 b) x = 3, y = 2

b) x = -11, y = 7

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