Math 415 - Fall 2011 - Exam 3 - Solutions

Problem 1 (3 points). Indicate whether the following statements are true or false.
(1) T F There is an isomorphism between M
23
(R) and R
5
.
(2) T F The linear transformation T : P
3
(R) P
2
(R) dened by T( f ) = f

is onto.
(3) T F Any 3 orthonormal vectors in R
3
form a basis for R
3
.
(4) T F If det(A) = det(B) then A and B are similar matrices.
(5) T F If A is a square matrix, then det(AA
T
) is always non-negative.
(6) T F If V and W are nite dimensional vector spaces with dim(V) =dim(W), then they are isomorphic.
Answer:
1) False, they have different dimensions, see Theorem 4.2.4(b).
2) True, for any g := a+bx +cx
2
P
2
(R), take f := ax +
1
2
bx
2
+
1
3
cx
3
P
3
(R). Then T( f ) = g.
3) True, see Theorem 5.1.3
4) False, for example let A be the zero matrix and B be any nonzero matrix with determinant zero. Then A and
B are not similar, but have equal determinants.
5) True, since det(AA
T
) = det(A)det(A
T
) = det(A)det(A) = det(A)
2
0
6) True, if n := dim(V) = dim(W), then both V and W are isomorphic to R
n
(see for instance Theorem 4.2.3)
so they are isomorphic to each other.
Problem 2 (1 point). Which of the following maps from M
22
(R) to M
22
(R) is linear?
a) T(M) = M+I
2
, b) T(M) = M
T
, c) T(M) = det(M)I
2
, d) T(M) = M
2
.
Answer: (b)
(a) is not linear since T(0) = 0.
(c) is not linear since det(M+M

) = det(M) +det(M

) in general.
(d) is not linear since (M+M

)
2
= (M)
2
+(M

)
2
in general.
Problem 3 (1 point). Let A be a xed invertible 2 by 2 matrix. Which of the following maps from M
22
(R) to
M
22
(R) is an isomorphism?
a) T(M) = M+A, b) T(M) = AMMA, c) T(M) = det(M)A, d) T(M) = AMA
1
.
Answer: (d), see for instance example 5 on page 168.
(a) is not even linear since T(0) = 0.
(b) is linear, but not an isomorphism since T(A) = AAAA = 0, so kernel of T is not zero.
(c) is not even linear since det(M+M

) = det(M) +det(M

) in general.
Problem 4 (2 points). Let M =
_

_
k 1 0 0
0 0 0 k
0 0 k 0
3k 2 k 0 0
_

_
.
i) Compute the determinant of M.
Answer: Using the permutation denition of determinant, det(M) =k
4
+k
2
(3k 2) =k
2
(k 1)(k 2)
ii) Determine for which values of the constant k the matrix M is invertible.
Answer: M is invertible det(M) = 0 k = 0, 1, 2.
1
2
Problem 5 (2 points). Let A =
_
a 1
1 b
_
and B =
_
2 1
1

2
_
.
i) Compute det(A
3
)
Answer: det(A
3
) = det(A)
3
= (ab1)
3
= 1/(ab1)
3
ii) Compute det(AB
5
A).
Answer: det(AB
5
A) = det(A)det(B)
5
det(A) = (ab1)(1)
5
(ab1) = (ab1)
2
Problem 6 (3 points). Let T be the linear transformation fro T : P
2
(R) to P
2
(R) dened by
T( f ) = f (x +1) f

i) Compute the matrix representation of T with resect to the standard basis of P

2
(R).
ii) Give a basis for the kernel of T.
iii) Give a basis for the image of T.
Answer: Note that the standard basis of P
2
(R) is ={1, x, x
2
} and the order matters.
i) First we compute
T(1) = 1(x +1)(0) = 1 = 1 1+0 x +0 x
2
T(x) = x (x +1)(1) =1 =1 1+0 x +0 x
2
T(x
2
) = x
2
(x +1)(2x) =2x x
2
= 0 12 x 1 x
2
Hence [T]

=
_
[T(1)]

|[T(x)]

|[T(x
2
)]

=
_
_
1 1 0
0 0 2
0 0 1
_
_
.
ii) First compute ker([T]

) = Span
_
_
_
_
_
1
1
0
_
_
_
_
_
. Hence ker(T) = Span{1+x}.
iii) First compute im([T]

) = column space of [T]

= Span
_
_
_
_
_
1
0
0
_
_
,
_
_
0
2
1
_
_
_
_
_
.
Hence im(T) = Span{1, 2x x
2
}.
Problem 7 (3 points). Consider the basis for R
2
consisting of vectors v
1
=
_
3
4
_
and v
2
=
_
1
7
_
.
i) Use Gram-Schmidt process to convert to an orthonormal basis ={u
1
, u
2
} for R
2
.
ii) Compute the change of coordinate matrix R from to .
iii) Compute the QR factorization of the matrix M =
_
3 1
4 7
_
Answer:
i) As in the Gram-Schmidt process, u
1
=
v
1
||v
1
||
=
v
1
5
=
_

3
5
4
5
_
.
Compute v
2
u
1
=5, hence v
2
(v
2
u
1
)u
1
= v
2
+5u
1
=
_
4
3
_
Thus, u
2
=
v
2
Proj
u
1
(v
2
)
||v
2
Proj
u
1
(v
2
)||
=
v
2
(v
2
u
1
)u
1
||v
2
(v
2
u
1
)u
1
||
=
1
5
_
4
3
_
=
_

4
5

3
5
_
.
ii) R =
_
[v
1
]

|[v
2
]

=
_
v
1
u
1
v
2
u
1
v
1
u
2
v
2
u
2
_
=
_
5 5
0 5
_
.
3
iii) Let Q = [u
1
|u
2
] =
_

3
5

4
5
4
5

3
5
_
. Then the QR factorization of M = [v
1
|v
2
] is
M = Q R = [u
1
|u
2
] R =
_

3
5

4
5
4
5

3
5
_

_
5 5
0 5
_
.