General examples of SVP s and LVP s LVP: greater than 100mL Total Parenteral Nutrition; IV; irrigating solution

on Supply nutrients, SVP: Ex. Pegasys, Invega Sustenna Self-administered: EpiPen Routes of injection, general volumes, uses, how performed Intralesional Local Joint Eye/ Intravitreous IR SR IV: directly into veins which are at the surface(low pressure) Uses: General Volumes: large volumes; small volumes How Performed: into vein Needle at 30 degrees >10mL IA: into artery near target organ IM: into fat body of muscle; straight perpendicular to skin and a thick portion of muscle 2 inch needle 18 gauge Volume: 2-3 mLs SC: loose adipose tissue below skin Use: insulin/ vaccine/ drugs that can t be taken orally Takes a while to be absorbed 45 degrees with bevel up Pull up, should not see blood Short small gauge needle < 2mL Intraperotenal: into abdominal cavity Intracardiac Intratrebecular: hard portion of bone Intramedullary: into hallow portion of bone Intradermal: not often used but used for vaccination 0.2 mL Intracisternal: into base cavity of brain Intrathecal: into cerebrospinal fluid

Study Guide Final BPS 305 Fall 2011 Transdermals, including how they work, and different types for different clinical applications and target tissues (patches, semi-solids, systemic and local) and examples of each; Implants, microspheres, lipid-based drug delivery systems, intranasals and inhalant/pulmonary delivery; Be able to suggest different dosage forms based upon patient or formulation requirements; Study Guide Final BPS 305 Fall 2011 Films, gums, foams and suppositories;

Know some general advantages and disadvantages, general clinical applications, and an example, of each type of product or delivery system. Specifics for parenterals Routes of injection, general volumes, uses, how performed Needles- parts, sizes, types, use based upon ROA Types of excipients- especially TPN ingredients- an example of each, and why they are used General examples of SVP s and LVP s Precautions, compounding, manufacture (sterile, precipitates/particulates, stability), use by patients Specifics for Oral Solids/Semi-Solids Know the characteristics and uses of different types of oral dosage forms Lozenges and Troches Characteristics: compressed/ massed powder; non-cariogenic sweeteners (unrelated to tooth decay), binders, flavors Uses: administer to oral cavity/ throat; local/ systemic absorption Ex. Nicotine Lozenge, preformed lozenge that is porous and you squirt the drug onto it Chews (not for acute use) Characteristics: easier to swallow, pleasant to take Chews: gelatin, gum, sweeteners, oils Electuaries: powders bound by syrup Jujubes: cast gums Uses: easier to take AYD s Hard shell capsule Contain multiple API/ excipients in powder, granules, semi-solid (wax), solidified solution (solid at room temp but liquefies at body temp) Materials: gelatin, starches/ celluloses, HPMC, carrageenan Gelatin: imbibes moisture forming hydrogel, dry (firm/flexible), wet (slippery), too dry (brittle), moisture (bacteria) Pigments: zinc oxide/ titanium dioxide Plasctizer (glycerin): some flexibility Manufacture: Body (longer for fill); Cap (cover) Fillers: Diluents: lactose, starches, cellulose Lubricant: stearic acid Desiccant/ flowing agent: talc, silicates, calcium phosphate Simply Fill (1-3 hours): API in water soluble diluent; gently loaded Phenytoin Sodium Prompt Release Extended Fill (4-12 hours): API dispersed in hydratable diluent Phenytoin Sodium Extended Extended Release Vitamin C ER capsules Modified Release: different type of coating on drug spheres Tiny time pills Enteric coating: resistant to acid and water (KCl) Waxes, oils, phthalates, gums (ethyl cellulose) Liquid fill: elastic capsule (plastizcer: cellulose/ gelatin)

Fish oil capsule Tablet Excipients Binders Lubricant: stearic acid, magnesium stearate Glidants: silicon dioxide; powder flow Disintegrants Compressed Tablet: Recognize common excipients and their purpose in the formulation Be able to suggest different dosage forms based upon patient or formulation need Know general quality testing methods and parameters