ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENOSCOPY

o Diagnostic Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

o Therapeutic Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

REASON FOR VISIT:

DIAGNOSTIC:

• Abdominal pain
• Weight loss or anorexia (loss of appetite)
• Unexplained anemia
• Dyspepsia
• Dysphagia
• Noncardiac chest pain
• Recurrent emesis
• Upper GI (gastrointestinal) bleeding
• Tumors
• Other abnormalities of the upper GI tract
• Ulcerations
• Inflammation
• Crohn's disease
• Narrowing of the esophagus
• Tumors of the esophagus
• Polyposis syndromes
• Barrett esophagus,
• Biopsy for known /suggested upper GI disease
• Malignancy
• Confirm abnormalities indicated by such other diagnostic
procedures as an upper gastrointestinal (upper GI) x-ray series
/a CT scan.
• The condition of the stomach and duodenum after an operation
• To take tissue specimen for biopsy

THERAPEUTIC

• Retrieval of foreign bodies

• Control of hemorrhage
• Dilatation / stenting of stricture
• Ablation of neoplasms
• Gastrostomy placement
• Removing of polyps
RISK ASSESSMENT

• Medically unstable patients

• Taking aspirin and other anticoagulation
• Large aortic aneurysm
• Zenker's diverticulum (a herniated pouch in the esophagus)
• A recent perforated ulcer
• Perforation elsewhere in the GI tract
• Pharyngeal diverticulum
• Head and neck surgery
• Heart disease
• History of bleeding disorders
• History of allergy to medication/anesthesia

ANESTHESIA:

Topical anesthesia

o Cetacaine

o Lidocaine

o Propofol (Diprivan)

PREPARATION OF THE PATIENT:

• Patient was on fasting for ______hrs before the procedure

• Aspirin and other blood-thinning medications were stopped for
several days before the test.
• Preoperative antibiotics were administered to the patients with
diseases of the heart valves

POSITION OF THE PATIENT:

• Left lateral position

THE PROCEDURE

• Topical and/or intravenous sedation administered to minimize

gagging and to facilitate the procedure.
• A bite block placed to prevent damage to the endoscope and to
ease its passage through the mouth.
 • The endoscope was then passed under direct vision through the
pharynx where -normal appearance of the pharynx
seen/ulcer____mm/cm/tubercular growth is seen
• Through the pharynx endoscope was then passed through the
esophagus where-normal appearance of the esophagus seen
/Esophagus Cancer_________ /Esophageal diverticulum
/Esophageal stricture_______ /Esophageal varices /Barrett's
esophagus /Reflux esophagitis was observed
• Through the esophagus endoscope passed through the stomach
where- normal appearance of the stomach was seen/Bleeding
in the Digestive Tract
/ulcer_____mm./cancer_______/inflammation/stricture______
was observed
• Through the stomach endoscope passed through the
duodenum, with careful inspection upon both insertion and
slow withdrawal. Where normal appearance of the duodenum
was seen /cancer______/ulcer______mm/cm
/stricture_______/vulvulus_____ was seen
• Air was insufflated to distend the lumen to aid in viewing.
• Liquid and particulate matter aspirated through the suction
channel.
• Biopsy specimens obtained by passing forceps and small
mucosal samples taken for histology studies.

Therapeutic:

• Foreign body was removed

• Hemorrhage was controlled
• Dilatation / stenting of stricture was done
• Neoplasm ablation was done
• Gastrostomy placement was done
• Polyp was removed

Photo obtained.

The scope was withdrawn.

The procedure was well tolerated.

FINDINGS:

NORMAL RESULTS
 • The lining of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum appear
normal in color, texture, and size.
• No polyps, tumors, ulceration, inflammation, strictures and other
abnormalities were found

ABNORMAL RESULTS:

Pharynx:

o pharyngeal rings
o Diverticula
o pharyngeal tuberculosis
o ulcer

Esophagus:

o Esophageal rings
o Esophagitis
o Obstruction
o Strictures
o Tumors
o Ulcers (acute / chronic)
o Polyps
o Cancer
o Diverticula

Gastric:

o Gastric masses
o Gastric ulcer
o Inflammation of the stomach and duodenum
o Mallory-Weiss syndrome (tear)
o Obstruction
o Strictures
o Tumors
o Ulcers (acute/ chronic)
o Cancer
o Polyps

Duodenum:
 o Diverticula (abnormal pouches in the lining of the
intestines)
o Inflammation of the duodenum
o Obstruction
o Strictures
o Tumors
o Ulcers (acute / chronic)
o Cancer
o Vulvulus

AFTER PROCEDURE:

The tissue sample sent to the laboratory for examination

DURATION

________minutes

POSTOPERATIVE CARE

• Patient transferred to a recovery room for further monitoring.

• Observe for signs and symptoms of GI bleeding, fever, and
abdominal pain.

COMPLICATIONS

• perforation (hole) of the stomach, duodenum, or esophagus

• A patient could have an adverse reaction to the anesthetic
medication, or tranquilizer
• Apnea (not breathing)
• Bradycardia
• Excessive sweating
• Hypotension (low blood pressure)
• Laryngospasm (spasm of the larynx)