9/12/2011

Building Services Systems:

Air-conditioning Systems

Electrical Systems
Plumbing Systems Fire-fighting Systems Vertical Transportation Systems

RINO D.A. FERNANDEZ UST FACULTY

Building Services Systems:

Building Services Systems:

Building Services Systems:

Building Services Systems:

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Building Services Systems:

Building Services Systems:

1. Review on How the Systems Works

2. Provide the Systems Architectural Space

Requirements

Building Services Systems:

Building Services Systems:

Air-conditioning Systems Electrical Systems Plumbing Systems Fire-fighting Systems Vertical Transportation Systems Garbage Disposal Systems

Air-conditioning Systems (Types):

Duct-free Type (Package Type)

Ducted Type (Centralized Type)

Building Services Systems:

Building Services Systems:

Air-conditioning Systems (Types): Duct-free Type (Package Type)

Air-conditioning Systems (Types): Ducted Type (Centralized Type)

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Building Services Systems:

Building Services Systems:

Heat in buildings comes principally from four sources: electrical energy, the sun, outdoor air temperatures and the buildings occupants
- Every kilowatt of electrical energy in use produces 3413 Btu/h - At noon, a surface directly facing the sun may receive 300 Btu/h, on a clear day - An individual will give off about 400 Btu/h in a 23.3C room

Air-conditioning A mechanical installation system providing warmed, cooled, clean and otherwise treated air into the habitable spaces of a building

Building Services Systems:

Types of Air-conditioning Systems:
Duct-free Type Ducted Type

Air-conditioning Systems:

Duct-free Type:

Window Room Air Conditioners (WRAC)

Air-conditioning Systems:

Air-conditioning Systems:
Hi-wall

Fan Coil Unit (FCU)

Slimpacs

Duct-free Type:

Package Terminal Air Conditioners (PTAC)

Underceiling

Cassette

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Air-conditioning Systems:
Aircon Type Wall Mounted hp 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 Applicable Area 20 24 32 38

Air-conditioning Systems:
Aircon Type Ceiling Mounted Hp 3.00 4.00 6.00 Ceiling Cassete Applicable Area 45 50 80

4.00

50
Floor Mounted

Air-conditioning Systems:
Aircon Type Ceiling Cassette Hp 3.00 5.00 Applicable Area 45 85

Air-conditioning Systems:
Aircon Type Floor Mounted Hp 3.00 5.00 Applicable Area 45 80

Air-conditioning Systems:
Condensing Unit (ACCU)

Air-conditioning Systems:

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Air-conditioning Systems:

Ducted Type:

Chiller

Chiller

Air-Handling Unit (AHU)

Cooling Tower

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ACU Chiller Considerations: - The chillers give off heat, noise, and vibration, and should not be located near spaces they will adversely affect. - They may be placed anywhere in the building from basement to roof, but they are heavy and require deeper-than-normal structural members for support.

ACU Chiller Considerations:

Ceiling height: a minimum of 3.66 m (bldg of moderate size) a maximum of 4.88 m (very large bldg)

Rule-of-Thumb for ACU Chiller Space Rqmts: Building Types TFA (m) 1,000 Apartments, Hotels, Dormitories, Hospital Patient Rooms Chiller Area 15

Rule-of-Thumb for ACU Chiller Space Rqmts: Building Types TFA (m) 1,000 Offices, Schools, Commercial Bldgs Chiller Area 15

3,000
5,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000

30
50 70 180 300 400 500

3,000
5,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000

30
80 150 300 450 600 900

Rule-of-Thumb for ACU Chiller Space Rqmts: Building Types TFA (m) 1,000 Auditoriums, Theatres, Restaurants, Industrial Bldgs 3,000 5,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 Chiller Area 20 60 100 250 500 700 900 1100

Air-Handling Unit (AHU)

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Air-Handling Unit (AHU) It can be advantageous to have a separate fan room for each floor of a building, because this saves floor space by eliminating most or all of the vertical runs of ductwork

Rule-of-Thumb for AHU Space Rqmts: Building Types TFA (m) 1,000 Apartments, Hotels, Dormitories, Hospital Patient Rooms 3,000 AHU Area 50 70

5,000
10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000

100
200 400 600 800 1000

Rule-of-Thumb for AHU Space Rqmts: Building Types TFA (m) 1,000 Offices, Schools, Commercial Bldgs AHU Area 55

Rule-of-Thumb for AHU Space Rqmts: Building Types TFA (m) 1,000 Auditoriums, Theatres, Restaurants, Industrial Bldgs AHU Area 60

3,000
5,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000

90
180 300 600 900 1200 1500

3,000
5,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000

150
250 500 900 1200 1500 1800

Cooling Tower

Cooling Tower

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Cooling Tower

Cooling Tower

Common location is the roof of the building

The towers should be isolated acoustically from the frame of the building due to the noise & vibration it accumulates
Noise-sensitive areas should not be located directly below them.

Cooling towers range between 4.00m and 12.00 m in height The height for a given building can be estimated by interpolating between these two extremes. The towers usually have a 1.20m crawlspace beneath.

Rule-of-Thumb for Cooling Tower Space Rqmts: Building Types TFA (m) 1,000 Apartments, Hotels, Dormitories, Hospital Patient Rooms CT Area 6

Rule-of-Thumb for Cooling Tower Space Rqmts: Building Types TFA (m) 1,000 Offices, Schools, Commercial Bldgs CT Area 6

3,000
5,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000

10
15 25 50 70 90 120

3,000
5,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000

12
20 40 80 120 160 200

Rule-of-Thumb for Cooling Tower Space Rqmts: Building Types TFA (m) 1,000 Auditoriums, Theatres, Restaurants, Industrial Bldgs 3,000 5,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 CT Area 8 15 25 60 100 160 200 300

Building Services Systems:

Air-conditioning Systems Electrical Systems Plumbing Systems Fire-fighting Systems Vertical Transportation Systems Garbage Disposal Systems

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Building Services Systems:

Electrical Systems SOURCES OF ENERGY

Building Services Systems:

Electrical Systems SOURCES OF ENERGY:

OFF-SITE Power Plant - geothermal - hydropower

ON-SITE - photovoltaic - wind turbine - geothermal

- nuclear, etc

- stream hydro electric

Building Services Systems:

Rule-of-Thumb for Transformer Room Space Rqmts: Building Types TFA (m) 20,000 Residential Buildings Size of TR 6.0x6.0x3.50

Electrical Systems (Components): Service Entrance Equipment - Transformer Space/Room - Main Electrical Room

30,000
60,000 200,000

6.0x9.0x3.50
6.0x12.0x3.50 6.0x24.0x3.50

- Back-up Power System (Genset)

Indoor Distribution Equipment - Electrical Room Loads

Rule-of-Thumb for Transformer Room Space Rqmts: Building Types TFA (m) 10,000 Commercial Buildings 15,000 30,000 100,000 Size of TR 6.0x6.0x3.50 6.0x9.0x3.50 6.0x12.0x3.50 6.0x24.0x3.50

Rule-of-Thumb for Main Electrical Room Rqmts: Building Types TFA (m) 20,000 Residential Buildings 30,000 60,000 200,000 Size of TR 9.0x6.0x3.50 9.0x8.0x3.50 9.0x12.0x3.50 9.0x24.0x3.50

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Rule-of-Thumb for Main Electrical Room Rqmts: Building Types TFA (m) 10,000 Commercial Buildings 15,000 Size of TR 9.0x6.0x3.50 9.0x8.0x3.50

Secondary Electrical Room Rqmts (every floor):

30,000
100,000

9.0x12.0x3.50
9.0x24.0x3.50

Provide at least 12.00m for Electrical Room at every floor

Building Services Systems:

BASIC CONSIDERATIONS IN PLUMBING SYSTEM:

Air-conditioning Systems Electrical Systems Plumbing Systems Fire-fighting Systems WATER SUPPLY & STORAGE SYSTEM FIXTURES SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM

Vertical Transportation Systems

Garbage Disposal Systems

WATER SUPPLY & STORAGE:

WATER SUPPLY & STORAGE:

Service Entry Reservoir/Cistern Pumps

Service Entry Reservoir/Cistern Pumps

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WATER SUPPLY & STORAGE:

Building Services Systems:

Plumbing Systems (Pump Rooms) Area Served Up to 18,500 m 18,500 - 93,000 Water Pump Room 3.00x4.00 5.00x4.00 Fire Pump Room 6.00x4.00 9.00x8.00

Service Entry Reservoir/Cistern Pumps

Plumbing System:
The essential component is the FIXTURES: without them there is no need for the others.
Required Plumbing Fixtures:

The chief criteria for designing a plumbing system are its number of fixtures, number of fixture units, supply main flow rate, and water pressure at the highest fixture.

Plumbing System:
Required Plumbing Fixtures:

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:

the screening, sedimentation, filtration etc. of waste water and solids from a sewer, and the disposal of settled sludge in digestion tanks or on drying beds On-site System: - Septic Tank (Anaerobic Treatment) - Aerobic Treatment Unit - Sewage Treatment Plant Off-site System - Sewer System

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SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:

Septic System Septic System Anaerobic bacteria dissolve the solids

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:

Aerobic Treatment Unit Alternative for septic Tank

Aerobic Treatment Unit Depend upon air bubbled through the sewage to achieve aerobic digestion, which is faster than anaerobic digestion; hence, they can be smaller than septic tanks

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:

Sewer System

Sewage Treatment Plant

the apparatus, vessels and pumps, filters, pipework etc. for treating raw sewage A system which conveys waste liquids and solids in suspension away from a buildings soil and foul water drainage systems to a treatment plant;

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SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:

Building Services Systems:

Sewer System A sewage ejector pump must be used in case the sewer line is much higher than the building sewer outlet/drain

Air-conditioning Systems

Electrical Systems
Plumbing Systems Vertical Transportation Systems

Elevator System:

Elevator System:
Determining Number of Elevators (according to the number of floors): Good Fair Poor - 1 per 3 floors - 1 per 4 floors - 1 per 5 floors or more

Machine Room-less (MRL)

(according to number of occupants): 1 per 300 350 persons

Elevator System: Basic Arrangements:

Elevator System:

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Elevator System:

Building Services Systems:

Building Services Systems:

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