EMC Test and Measurement on Automotive Electronic Component and Sub-assembly

By: Jeffrey Tsang Jeffreytsang@ese.com.hk

Agenda
Common EMC Standards in Automotive Industry EMI Measurement: CISPR25 vs 2004/104/EC Transient Immunity Test: ISO7637-2 Radiated Immunity: ISO11452 vs 2004/104/EC

Some car manufacturer standards are included

EMC Standards in Automotive Industry

Common International Standard Standard

2004/104/EC

Area
EU

Test
Conducted & Radiated Emission Radiated Immunity Transient Immunity Conducted & Radiated Emission Conducted Emission Transient Immunity ESD Radiated Immunity various

CISPR 12 CISPR 25 ISO 7637 ISO 10605 ISO 11451 ISO 11452 SAE J1113

International International International International North America

Common Car Manufacturer Standards

Standard Manufacturer Test

ES-XW7T1A278-AC
Ford
Conducted & Radiated Emission Conducted & Radiated Immunity Transient Immunity

Magnetic Field Immunity Immunity to Coupling Immunity to Voltage Variation ESD

GMW3097

General Motor

Conducted & Radiated Emission Conducted & Radiated Immunity Transient Immunity

Magnetic Field Immunity Immunity to Voltage Variation ESD

Automotive EMC
EMI test methods mostly refer to CISPR25 2004/104/EC conducted Emission refers ISO7637 You can use spectrum analyzer with peak detector ALSE Method use different Anechoic Chamber Narrowband and Broadband Emission concept Products usually need to be complied with Car Manufacturer standards

EMI Measurement
CISPR25 vs 2004/104/EC

CISPR25 EMI vs 2004/104/EC

CISPR25 EMI Measurement
Conducted Emission Voltage (150kHz 108MHz) Conducted Emission Current (150kHz 108MHz) Radiated Emission ALSE method (150kHz 960MHz) Radiated Emission On board Antenna

2004/104/EC EMI Measurement

Conducted Emission Transient Voltage Radiated Emission ALSE method (30MHz 1GHz)

CISPR25 Conducted Voltage

Conducted Emission
5 H//50 Ohm Artificial Network (AN) x2 usually Test Frequency 150kHz 108MHz

DC Power Supply / Battery /

AN

EUT

Load Simulator

EMI Receiver EMI

CISPR25 Conducted Voltage

Broadband noise and broadband noise
Peak and QP Limit

Narrowband noise
Peak Limit
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0.15 0.3 0.53 2 5.9 6.2 30 54 68 108 C1 P C1 QP C2 P C2 QP C3 P C3 QP C4 P C4QP

Broadband Noise

CISPR25 Conducted Voltage

CISPR25 accepts the result measured by using spectrum analyzer with peak detector as long as the result is below limit Limit is as low as 18dBV You can add preamplifier to maintain at least 6dB above noise floor Most AN is single path, need two most of the time

Schwarzbeck BBV9740

Schwarzbeck NNBM8125

2004/104/EC - CE
Conducted Emission refers to ISO7637-2 Need DSO
400MHz 2GS/s
Pulse Polarity Maximum Pulse Amplitude
12V Systems Positive (+) +75V 24V Systems +150V

Need low capacitance probe Included in FORD, GM, NISSAN standard

Negative (-)

-100V

-450V

external switch S and shunt resistant Rs1

CISPR25 Conducted Current

For signal and data line Test Frequency 150kHz 108MHz Need current probe
Shield Room Connection Plane Double Shield coaxial Cable Current Probe

Optional Absorber

CISPR25 and 2004/104/EC Radiated Emission - ALSE

2004/104/EC same as CISPR25 ALSE Test Distance = 1m Antenna Height = 1m (30MHz 1GHz) = 0.9m (150kHz 30MHz) Note: GM does not allow wooden table anymore

CISPR25 and 2004/104/EC Radiated Emission - ALSE

EUT

AN

DC Power Supply Load Simulator

CISPR25 and 2004/104/EC Radiated Emission - ALSE

CISPR25 and 2004/104/EC detector choice
CISPR25 Broadband Narrowband Peak or Quai-Peak Detector Peak Detector 2004/104/EC Peak or Quai-Peak Detector Average Detector

CISPR25 and 2004/104/EC Radiated Emission - ALSE

Comparison on Limit Lines

2004/104/EC

CISPR 25 class 3

CISPR25 and 2004/104/EC Radiated Emission - ALSE

CISPR25 clearly define the usage of antenna
150kHz 30MHz : monopole 30MHz 200MHz : Biconical 200MHz 1GHz: Log Periodic

Note: Manufacturer standards cover above 1GHz (e.g.

Ford, GM), use Horn Antenna

Schwarzbeck VHA9103B + BBA9106

Schwarzbeck VUSLP9111

CISPR25 and 2004/104/EC Radiated Emission - ALSE

CISPR25:2003 Annex G recommend the size of Anechoic Chamber7m x 6.5m x 4m (L W H) The grounding strips being bonded between the shielding enclosure and ground Plane

CISPR25 and 2004/104/EC Radiated Emission - ALSE

Different grounding method on EUT table

Source: Austrian Research Centre Seibersdorf

CISPR25 and 2004/104/EC Radiated Emission - ALSE

If EUT is mobile communication productpay attention on the choice of 6dB RBW

CISPR25:2002

Car Manufacturer Standards

Radiated Emission Test Frequency range ES-XW7T-1A278-AC GMW3097 DC-10614 Rev B 28401NDS02 0.15MHz 2500MHz 0.15MHZ 1583MHz 76MHz 1000MHz 0.15MHz 2000MHz

Test method is same as CISPR25 Different limit lines for different product types

CISPR25 on board antenna

Use on board antenna for measuring emission Need a whole vehicle!! Measure antenna disturbance voltage

Transient Immunity
ISO 7637-2:2004

ISO 7637-2:2004
Immunity to voltage Transient Its a tough test to some DUT such as car entertainment products (e.g. car audio, DVD, etc) The key of test setup is the pulses generator. The recent change from 95/54/EC to 2004/104/EC includes ISO76372:2004 Almost all car manufacturer standards include (but not limit to) ISO7637

ISO 7637-2:2004
Pulse
1 2a

Description
simulation of transients due to supply disconnection from inductive loads simulates transients due to sudden interruption of currents in a device connected in parallel with the device under test due to the inductance of the wiring harness simulates transients from dc motors acting as generators after the ignition is switched off simulation of transients, which occur as a result of the switching processes. The characteristics of these transients are influenced by distributed capacitance and inductance of the wiring harness simulates supply voltage reduction caused by energizing the starter-motor circuits of internal combustion engines, excluding spikes associated with starting simulation of load dump transient occurring in the event of a discharged battery being disconnected while the alternator is generating charging current with other loads remaining on the alternator circuit at this moment

2b 3a/b

5a/5b

**2004/104/EC does not include Pulse 5a and 5b

ISO 7637-2:2004
Pulse 1
5000 time causes long test time

ISO 7637-2:2004
Pulse 2a

ISO 7637-2:2004
Pulse 2b

ISO 7637-2:2004
Pulse 3a

Pulse 3b

ISO 7637-2:2004
Pulse 4

ISO 7637-2:2004
Pulse 5a

ISO 7637-2:2004 Pulse 5b

ISO 7637-2:2004
Pulse 5b
Most Pulse 5b generator in the market does not generated correct wave shape Voltage Suppression is to be done by diode bridge

Common problem of pulse 5b generator

Diode bridge

ISO 7637-2:2004
Example Test Setup
y y

Car Manufacturer Standard

Both ISO7637-2 and ISO16750-2 are included in car manufacturer EMC standards ISO16750-2: voltage variation Manufacturer standards are often more complicated and more tests

Car Manufacturer Standard

Some wave shapes in GMW3097

Car Manufacturer Standard

Some wave shapes in Nissxx 28401NDS02[2]

Car Manufacturer Standard

Some wave shapes in XXyota TSC7021G

Radiated Immunity
ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/EC

ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/EC

2004/104/EC Tests
Radiated Immunity 20MHz 2GHz ALSE Radiated Immunity 10kHz 200MHz TEM Transient Immunity (ISO 7637-2) Conducted Immunity 1MHz 400MHz Bulk Current Injection (BCI) Radiated Immunity 10kHz 200MHz Stripline (150mm and 800mm)

ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/EC

ISO 11452 Tests
-2 Radiated Immunity 80MHz 18GHz ALSE method -3 Radiated Immunity 10kHz 200MHz TEM Cell method -4 Conducted Immunity 1MHz 400MHz Bulk Current Injection Method -5 Radiated Immunity 10kHz 200MHz Stripline (150mm only) -7 Radiated Immunity RF Power Injection 250kHz 500MHz

ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/EC

Additional Test Cases of ISO11452 under development
-8 Radiated Immunity Magnetic Field -9 Radiated Immunity Portable transmitter -10 Conducted Immunity Audio Frequency -11 Radiated Immunity Reverberation Chamber method

Target to be finished at 2008

Modulation
ISO11452

IEC61000-4-3

ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/EC Radiated Immunity - ALSE

May use CISPR25 ALSE Optional ground absorber ISO11452-2:2004 extended the lower frequency from 200MHz to 80MHz
ISO11452-2
Frequency Range 80MHz 18GHz Polarization Modulation Highest Field Strength Level
80MHz 18GHz : Horizontal 400MHz- 18GHz : Vertical

2004/104/EC
20MHz 2GHz Vertical only AM, PM 30V/m

AM 100V/m

ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/EC Radiated Immunity - ALSE Example Setup

80MHz 1GHz Setup

Above 1GHz Setup

ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/EC Radiated Immunity - ALSE Example System

Horn antenna Covers 200MHz 1GHz, in line with centre of test harness Horn antenna covers above 1GHz, in line with DUT

Freq. Range 200MHz 2GHz

ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/EC Radiated Immunity - ALSE Example System

Up to 18GHz, 100V/m Radiated Immunity System

ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/EC Radiated Immunity - ALSE

No restriction on choice of antenna
For Components and sub-assembly, prefer using high gain horn antenna to reduce power amplifier cost

One point calibration, unlike IEC61000-4-3 and MIL-STD461E Unlike IEC61000-4-3, no concern on power amplifier output linearity Open loop test, no feed back on field strength Test level is higher in manufacturer standards

Manufacturer Standard Radiated Immunity - ALSE

Car Manufacturers Requirement on Radiated Immunity

Manufacturer Standard Radiated Immunity ALSE Example System

1.2kW power amplifier

1GHz 2GHz >270V/m system

ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/EC Radiated Immunity - TEM

Test method ISO11452-3 Frequency Range 10kHz 200MHz ISO11452-3 200V/m 2004/104/EC 60V/m

Not common in manufacturer standards

TEM Cell

ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/EC Radiated Immunity - BCI

Test method ISO11452-4 Frequency Range 1MHz 400MHz Severity level:2004/104/EC 60mA vs ISO11452-4 100mA

Test Setup

Calibration Setup

ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/EC Radiated Immunity - BCI

Some manufacturer standards accept extending BCI frequency up to 1GHz for replacing ALSE method below 1GHz Severity level usually up to 200mA

BCI System with test fixture up to 200mA

ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/EC Radiated Immunity - stripline

Test Method ISO11452-5 Frequency Range 10kHz 200MHz Not exist in popular manufacturer standards anymore
2004/104/EC ISO11452-5 150mm 50V/m, 100V/m, 150V/m, 200V/m

Stripline Heigh
Field Strength

150mm 800mm 60V/m

150mm Stripline

800mm Stripline

ISO11452-7
RF Power Injection Test Frequency 250kHz 500MHz Not in 2004/104/EC

Sample Test System CISPR25 + ISO11452