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B.E./B.Tech.

DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2010 Fifth Semester Electronics and Communication Engineering EC 2305 TRANSMISSION LINES AND WAVE GUIDES (Regulation 2008) Time: Three hours Answer ALL Questions PART A (2 X 10 = 20 marks) 1. A constant-K T-section high pass filter has a cutoff frequency of 10 KHz. The design impedance is 600 ohms. Determine the value of L. For high pass filter Maximum: 100 marks

2. What are the advantages of m-derived filters? Advantages of m - derived filters: (i) M - derived filters have a sharper cut-off characteristic with steeper rise at fc (cut-off frequency). The slope of the rise is adjustable by fixing the distance between fc and f. Characteristic impedance (Z0) of the filter is uniform within the pass band when m -derived half sections, having m = 0.6 are connected at the ends. M - Derived filters are used to construct composite filters to have any desired attenuation/frequency characteristics

(ii) (iii)

3. Define delay distortion The phase constant varies with frequency. The velocity is given by

Thus the velocity of propagation of waves varies with frequency. Hence some waves will reach receiving end very fast while some waves will get delayed than the others. Hence all frequencies will not have same transmission time. Thus the output wave at the receiving end will not be exact replica of the input wave the sending end. This type of distortion is called phase distortion or delay distortion.

4. Write the expressions for the phase constant and velocity of propagation for telephone cable.

5. A lossless line has a characteristic impedance of 400 ohms. Determine the standing wave ratio if the receiving end impedance is 800 +j 0.0 ohms.

6. Write the expressions for the input impedance of open and short circuited dissipationless line.

7. Define the cutoff frequency for the guided waves. The cutoff frequency can be defined as the frequency at which the propagation constant changes from being real to imaginary. It is the frequency below which signal suffers only attenuation, while above it wave just start propagating 8. For a frequency of 6 GHz and plane separation of 3 cm, find the group and phase velocities for the dominant mode. Dominant mode in parallel plane is TE1. ie m=1 The cut off wavelength is

The cut of frequency is

The group velocity is

The phase velocity is

9. Calculate the cutoff wavelength for the TM11 mode in a standard rectangular waveguide if a = 4.5 cm. A standard rectangular waveguide is a waveguide with dimension ratio of length to breadth ratio as 2:1

For TE11 mode, m=1 and n=1 Thus, the cut off wavelength is

10. Give the applications of cavity resonators. 1. The cavity resonators are most widely used in the microwave generation and amplification field. The cavity resonators are used in Klystron amplifier for amplifying the microwave signal. The microwave signal is generated with cavity resonator used in Reflex Klystron Oscillator. 2. The cavity resonators are used in the light house tube. It is a special tube used for VHF range frequencies 3. The cavity resonators can be used in duplexers in the RADAR system as resonant cavity in Transmit (TR) tubes and Anti-Transmit-Receiver (ATR) tubes. 4. The cavity resonators are used for the measurement of the microwave signals with the help of cavity wavemeters.

PART B (5 X 16 = 80 marks) 11. (a) Derive the relevant equations of m derived low pass filter and design mderived T type low pass filter to work into load of 500 with cutoff frequency at 4 kHz and Peak attenuation at 4.15 KHz (Or) (b) Explain the structure and application of crystal filter. Design a low pass filter with cut off at 2600 Hz to match 550 . Use one derived section with infinite attenuation at 2850 Hz. 12. (a) Derive the equation of attenuation constant and phase constants of transmission lines in terms of line constants R, L, C and G and explain the significance of reflection coefficient and insertion loss. (Or) (b) A generator of 1V, 1 kHz supplies power to a 100 km open wire line terminated in 200resistance. The line parameter are R = 10/km, L = 3.8 mH/km, G = 1 x 10-6 mho/km, C 0.0085 F / km . Calculate the impedance, reflection coefficient, power and transmission efficiency. 13. (a) Explain the technique of single stub matching and discuss operation of quarter wave transformer. (Or) (b) Explain the applications of smith chart. A 30 m long lossless transmission line with ZO 50 operating at 2 MHz is terminated with a load Z 60 j40 . If U = 0.6 C on the line, find the reflection coefficient, the standing wave ratio s and the input impedance. 14. (a) Explain the concept of displacement current, in free space . Calculate displacement current density, magnetic field strength and angular frequency. (Or) (b) Discuss in detail guided waves between parallel planes with neat diagram. 15. (a) A rectangular wave guide with dimensions a = 2.5 cm, b =1 cm is to operate below 15 GHz. How many TE and TM modes can the waveguide transmit if the guide is filled with a medium characterized by ? Calculate the cutoff frequencies of the modes. (Or) (b) Explain in detail (i) Excitation of wave guides (8) (ii) Resonant cavities. (8)

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