UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF LAW Diliman, Quezon City LOCAL GOVERNMENT Second Semester, AY 2007-2008 Dr.

Antonio G. M. La Via I. COURSE INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

1. Course Objectives: a. To help you become lawyers (Pass the bar) b. To help you become good lawyers (for your future clients) c. To teach law in a grand manner and to help you become great lawyers (for the poor, for the country, and for the world) 2. Course Requirements: 50% = 3 Hour Final Examinations at the end of the semester 50% = Collective Recitation Grade 3. Sharing of Expectations and Course Overview

*Suggested Textbook: Aquilino Pimentel, Jr. The Local Government Code Revisited (2007)

II.

LAW AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE: PRELIMINARY REFLECTIONS Henrik Ibsen, An Enemy of the People W. Michael Reisman, Chapter 2, Jurisprudence: Understanding and Shaping the Law Eleanor M. Gonzalez, Decentralization and Political Participation in the Philippines: Experiences and Issues in Societal Transformation, Institute for Popular Democracy (1997) Patrick Patio, Local Politics Transformation and Continuity, Institute for Popular Democracy (2003) RETHINKING THE UNITARY STATE: IS LOCAL AUTONOMY ENOUGH? SIMULATION 1: PEACE NEGOTIATIONS 2010 1987 Constitution, Article X, Sections 1-21 The Tripoli Agreement of 1976 (http://mnlf.net/The_Tripoli.htm) The Final Peace Agreement of 1996 (http://mnlf.net/The_Final.htm) The ARMM Law - Republic Act 9054 (2001) 1

III.

The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997 Text of GRP-MILF Memorandum of Agreement on Ancestral Domain
(Download at http://www.filipinovoices.com/grp-milf-memorandum-of-agreement-on-ancestral-domain)

North Cotabato v. GRP (G.R. No. 183591, September 09, 2008) Antonio G. M. La Via, In Mindanao, Peace is non-negotiable (2008)

(Down oad at http://74.54.176.226/~ateneo/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=63:deantony-on-mindanao-peace&catid=13:random-ideas&Itemid=26)

IV.

THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE: PRINCIPLES, POWERS AND RELATIONS Chapter I The Code Policy and Application Sections 1 5 Section 1- Title Local Government Unit Defined Basco v. Pagcor, 197 SCRA 52 (1991) Local Autonomy Limbona v. Mangelin, 170 SCRA 786) Section 3 Operative principles of Decentralization

Local Autonomy - Not Self-executing provisions Ganzon v. CA, 200 SCRA 271 (1991) Independent Component Cities Abella v. Comelec, 201 SCRA 253 Section 5 Rules of Interpretation

General Interpretation Sucaldito v. Montejo, 193 SCRA 556(1991) Customs and Tradition as Aid Yao Kee v. Sy-Gonzales, 167 SCRA 736 (1988) Badua v. Cordillera Bodong Administration, 194 SCRA 101 (1991) Chapter 2 General Powers and Attributes of LGUs Sections 6 24

Section 6 Authority to Create LGUs Creation of LGUs Latasa v. Comelec, 417 SCRA 601 (2003) Creation of Cordillera Administrative Region Cordillera Broad Coalition v. COA, 181 SCRA 495 (1990) Power to Create LGUs Municipality of Kapalong v. Moya, 166 SCRA 70 (1988) Pelaez v. Auditor General, 15 SCRA 569 (1965)

Section 7 Creation and Conversion Land Area Tan v. Comelec, 142 SCRA 727 (1986) Section 10 Plebiscite Requirement Tan v. Comelec, supra Paredes v. The Executive Secretary, 128 SCRA 6 (1984) Lopez v. Comelec, 136 SCRA 633 (1985) Merger of Administrative Regions Abbas v. Comelec, 179 SCRA 287 (1989) Section 15 Political and Corporate Nature of LGUs Dual Functions of an LGU City of Manila v. IAC, 179 SCRA 428 (1989) Transferring Property Title City of Naga v. CA, 172 SCRA 13 (1989) Section 16 General Welfare Police Power Rural Bank of Makati v. Makati, 433 SCRA 362 (2004) Acebedo Optical Company v. CA, 329 SCRA 314 (2000) Binay v. Domingo, 201 SCRA 508, 514 (1991) People v. Fajardo, 104 Phil. 443 (1958) Lucena Grand Central Terminal v. JAC Liner, Inc., 452 SCRA 174 (2005) Parayno v. Municipality of Calasio, Pangasinan, July 14, 2006 Tatel v. Municipality of Virac, Catanduanes, 207 SCRA 157 (1992) Balacuit v. CFI of Agusan del Norte and Butuan City, 163 SCRA 182 (1988) Villanueva v. Castaeda, 154 SCRA 142 (1987) Dacanay v. Asistio, Jr, 208 SCRA 404 (1992) Viray v. City of Caloocan, 20 SCRA 791 (1967) Sangalan v. IAC, 176 SCRA 179 (1989)

Section 18 Power to Generate And Apply Resources Estanislao v. Costales, 196 SCRA 853 (1991) Pimentel, Jr. v. Aguirre, 336 SCRA 201 (2000) Section 19 Eminent Domain Nature of Power of Eminent Domain as Exercised by LGUs Beluso v. Municipality of Panay, 7 August 2006 Limitations Lagcao v. Labra, 440 SCRA 279, 284-285 (2004) Requisites Jesus is Lord Christian School Foundation v. Municipality of Pasig, 466 SCRA 235, 253 (2005) LGU to Exercise Power without Need of Government Approval Barangay Matictic, Municipality of Norzagaray, Province of Bulacan v. Elbinias, 148 SCRA 83 (1987) 3

Necessity of Taking Masikip v. City of Pasig, 479 SCRA 391 (2006) Binay v. Domingo, supra Just Compensation Epza v. Dulay, 149 SCRA 305 (1987) Valid and Definite Offer Jesus is Lord Christian School Foundation v. Municipality of Pasig, supra No Need for DAR Authority Province of Camarines Sur v. CA, 222 SCRA 173 (1993) Ordinance or Law Necessary Municipality of Paraaque v. V.M. Realty Corporation, 292 SCRA 678 (1998) Foreshore Lands Chavez v. PEA-Amari, 415 SCRA 403 (2003) Section 21 Closure and Opening of Roads Jurisdiction to order closure Cabrera v. CA, 195 SCRA 314 (1991) Freedom Parks Bayan v. Ermita, April 25, 2006 Section 22 Corporate Powers Proprietary Function Municipality of Echague v. Abellera, 146 SCRA 180 (1986) Suability of LGUs Municipality of San Fernando, La Union v. Firme, 195 SCRA 692 (1991) City of Manila v. IAC, supra Guilatco v. City of Dagupan, 171 SCRA 382 (1989) Estoppel Inapplicable Pechueco Sons Co. v. Provincial Board of Antique, 31 SCRA 320 (1970) Invalid Contracts City of Manila v. Tarlac Development Corp., 24 SCRA 466 (1968) Chapter 3 Intergovernmental Relations Sections 25 33 Section 25 National Supervision over LGUs SIMULATION 2: SUPREME COURT ORAL ARGUMENTS ON LGU POWER OVER MINING Doctrine of Qualified Political Agency Carpio v. Executive Secretary, 206 SCRA 290 (1992) Dadole v. COA, 393 SCRA 262 (2002) LGU not attached to DILG Radia v. Review Committee, 157 SCRA 749 (1988) Power of Review of DOJ Drilon v. Lim, 235 SCRA 135 (1994) 4

Section 27 Prior Consultations Required Province of Rizal v. Executive Secretary, 477 SCRA 436 (2005) Section 28 Power of the Local Executives over the Units of the Philippine National Police Carpio v. Exec. Sec., supra Section 30 Review of Executive Orders Casino v. CA, 204 SCRA 449 (1991) Chapter 4 Relations with Peoples and NGOs Sections 34 - 36 Section 34 Role of Peoples and Non-Governmental Organizations Magtajas v. Pryce Properties Corp. Inc. 234 SCRA 255 (1994) Chapter 5 Local Pre-qualifications, Bids and Awards Committee Sections 37 - 38 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS THE BARANGAY Chapter 1 Role and Creation of the Barangay Sections 384 386 Chapter 2 Barangay Officials and Offices Sections 387 388 Chapter 3 The Punong Barangay Sections 389 Chapter 4 The Sangguniang Barangay Section 390 393 Section 390 - Composition Bolalin v. Occiano, 266 SCRA 203, 207 (1997) Chapter 5 Appointive Barangay Officials Sections 394 396 Chapter 6 Barangay Assembly Sections 397 398 Chapter 7 Katarungang Pambarangay Sections 399 422 5

V. 1.

Katarungang Pambarangay Uy v. Contreras, 237 SCRA 167 (1994) Agbayani v. Belen, 145 SCRA 635 (1986) Blardony, Jr. v. Coscuella, Jr., 182 SCRA 825 (1990) Diu v. CA, 251 SCRA 472 (1995)

Chapter 8 - Sangguniang Kabataan Sections 423 435 Sangguniang Kabataan Reyes v. Ferrer, 156 SCRA 314 (1987) Alunan v. Mirasol, 276 SCRA 501 (1997) Garvida v. Sales, 271 SCRA 767 (1997)

2.

Chapter 9 Pederasyon ng mga Sangguniang Kabataan Sections 436 439 Chapter 10 Linggo ng Kabataan Section 439 MUNICIPALITY Chapter 1 Role and Creation of the Municipality Sections 442 De Jure Municipality Municipality of Candijay v. CA, 251 SCRA 530, 537 (1995)

Chapter 2 Municipal Officials in General Section 443 Chapter 3 Officials and Offices Common to all Municipalities Sections 444 447

Section 444 The Chief Executive: Powers Olivarez v. Sandiganbayan, 248 SCRA 700 (1995) Muez v. Ario, 241 SCRA 478 (1995) Ordoez v. Gustilo, 192 SCRA 469 (1990) Lopez v. CSC, 195 SCRA 777 (1991) Sto. Domingo v. Ordoez, 166 SCRA 123 (1988) Laganapan v. Asedillo, 154 SCRA 377 (1987) Nessia v. Fermin, 220 SCRA 622 (1993) Acebedo v. Optical Company v. CA, supra. ` Section 447 Powers, Duties (Sangguniang Bayan) Municipality of Malolos, Inc. v. Libangang Malolos, Inc., 159 SCRA 525 LTO v. City of Butuan, 322 SCRA 805 (2000) 6

Municipality of San Juan, Metro Manila, v. CA, 466 SCRA 78 (2005) 3. THE CITY

SIMULATION 3: BICAMERAL COMMITTEE NEGOTIATIONS ON CRITERIA FOR NEW CITIES Chapter 1 Role and Creation of the City Sections 448 453 Section 450 Requisites for Creation Territorial Jurisdiction by Metes and Bounds Mariano, Jr. v. Comelec, 242 SCRA 211 (1995) Chapter 2 City Officials in General Section 454 Section 454 Officials of the City Government Mama, Jr. v. CA, 196 SCRA 489 (1991) Chapter 3 Officials and Offices Common to all Cities Sections 455 458

Section 455 Chief Executive Powers . . . Power to Enforce Laws and Ordinances Social Justice Society (SJS), Cabigao and Tumbokon v. Atienza, 7 March 2007 Issuance of Permits and Licenses Gordon v. Veridiano II, 167 SCRA 51 (1988) Authority to File Suits City of Caloocan v. CA, 3 May 2006 4. THE PROVINCE Chapter 1 Role and Creation of the province Sections 459 462 Chapter 2 Provincial Officials in General Sections 463 464 Chapter 3 Officials and Offices Common to all provinces Sections 465 468

5. APPOINTIVE LOCAL OFFICIALS COMMON TO ALL MUNICIPALITIES, CITIES AND PROVINCES TUESDAY March 10 Sections 469 490 7

Section 470 Appointment, Qualifications . . . (Treasurer) Macalincag v. Chang, 208 SCRA 413 (1992)

Section 475 Qualifications, Powers, Duties (The Budget Officer) Lira v. CSC, 144 SCRA 541 (1986) Section 477 Qualifications, Powers and Duties (The Engineer) Genoblazo v. CA, 174 SCRA 124 (1989) Patagoc v. CSC, 185 SCRA 411 (1990) Section 478 Qualifications, Powers and Duties (The Health Officer) Alba v. Perez, 154 SCRA 225 (1987) Pandi v. CA, 380 SCRA 436 (2002) Section 481 Qualifications, Powers and Duties (The legal Officer) Grio v. CSC, 194 SCRA 458 (1991) Ramos v. CA, 269 SCRA 34 (1997) . 6. OTHER PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO LGUs Chapter 1 Settlement of Boundary Dispute Section 118-119 Effects of Municipality of Sogod v. Rosal, 201 SCRA 632 (1991) Chapter 2 - Local Initiative & Referendum Section 125 Limitations upon Sanggunians Initiative and Referendum: Distinction Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority v. Comelec, 262 SCRA 492 (1996)

VI.

PEOPLE AND STRUCTURES IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT THURSDAY March 12 1. ELECTIVE OFFICIALS Chapter 1 Qualifications and Election Sections 39 43 Section 39 Qualifications Abella v. Comelec, supra Co v. Electoral Tribunal of the House, 199 SCRA 692 (1991) Dumpit-Michelena v. Boado, 475 SCRA 290 (2005) Section 40 Disqualifications 8

Grego v. Comelec, 274 SCRA 481 (1997) Moreno v. Comelec, 10 August 2006 Mercado v. Manzano, 307 630 (1999) Rodriguez v. Comelec, 259 SCRA 296 (1996) Marquez v. Comelec, 239 SCRA 11 (1995)

Section 41 Manner of Election Guia v. Comelec, 208 SCRA 421 (1992) Section 43 Term of Office Borja v. Comelec, 295 SCRA 157 (1998) Ong v. Alegre, 479 SCRA 481 (2006) Osmea v. Comelec, 199 SCRA 750 (1991) Dimaporo v. Mitra, 202 SCRA 779 (1991) Chapter 2 Vacancies and Succession Sections 44 47 Section 44 Permanent Vacancies . . . Menzon v. Petilla, 197 SCRA 251 (1991) Governors of the Philippines v. Pimentel, G.R. No. 73823 Section 45 Permanent Vacancies in the Sanggunian Farias v. Barba, 256 SCRA 396 (1996) Chapter 3 Local Legislation Sections 48 59

Section 48 Local Legislative Power Contempt Powers Negros Oriental II Electric Cooperative, Inc. Sangguniang Panlungsod of Dumaguete, 155 SCRA 421 (1987) Validity of an Ordinance Lagcao v. Labra, supra. Tano v. Socrates, 278 SCRA154 (1997) Approval by Mayor Not a Ministerial Act De los Reyes v. Sandiganbayan, 281 SCRA 631 (1997) Section 56 Review of Component City and Municipality Ordinance Moday v. CA, 268 SCRA 586 (1997) Municipality of Paraaque v. V.M. Realty Corp. supra Chapter 4 Disciplinary Actions Sections 60 63 Section 60 Grounds for Disciplinary Action 9

Reliance on Good Faith Arias v. Sandiganbayan. 180 SCRA 309 (1989) Deloso v. Sandiganbayan, 217 SCRA 49 (1993) Preventive Suspension Yabut v. Office of the Ombudsman, 233 SCRA 310 (1994) Carpio v. Exec. Sec., supra. Espiritu v. Melgar, 206 SCRA 256 (1992) Ganzon v. CA, 200 SCRA 271 (1991) Bunye v. Escareal, 226 SCRA 332 (1993)

Chapter 5 Recall Sections 69 75 Recall Explained Garcia v. Comelec, 227 SCRA 100 (1993) Evardone v. Comelec, 204 SCRA 464 (1991) Section 71 Election on Recall 25% Requirement explained Angobung v. Comelec, 269 SCRA 245 (1997) Meaning of Next Regular Elections Paras v. Comelec, 264 SCRA 49 (1996)

2.

HUMAN RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT Sections 76 97 Section 76 Organizational Structure and Staffing Pattern Regular Employees Chua v. CSC, 206 SCRA 65 (1992) Section 78 Civil Service Law, Rules and Regulations, and other Related Issuances CSC Power of Appointment Medalla v. Sto. Tomas, 208 SCRA 351 (1992) Luego v. CSC, 143 SCRA 327 (1986) Cabagnot v. CSC, 223 SCRA 59 (1993)

3.

LOCAL BOARDS AND COUNCILS Local School Boards Sections 98 101 Local Health Boards Sections 102 105 Local Development Councils 10

Sections 106 115 Local Peace and Order Council Sections 116 Autonomous Special Economic Zones Section 117

4. LEAGUE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS AND ELECTIVE OFFICIALS Sections 491 510 Sections 492 and 493- Representation, Chapters, and Organization of the National Liga Viola v. Alunan III, 277 SCRA 409 (1997) VII. RAISING MONEY 1. LOCAL GOVERNMENT TAXATION Chapter 1 General Provisions Sections 128 133 Power to Tax Reyes v. Almanzor, 196 SCRA 322, 327 (1991) Limitations Estanislao v. Costales, supra Villacorta v. Bernardo, 143 SCRA 480 (1986) Iloilo Bottlers, Inc. v. City of Iloilo, 164 SCRA 607 (1988) Province of Bulacan v. CA, 299 SCRA 442 (1998)

Chapter 2 Specific Provisions on the Taxing and Other Revenue-raising of Local Government Units Sections 134 - 164 Section 134- Scope of Taxing Powers Municipality of San Fernando, La Union v. Sta. Romana, 149 SCRA 27 (1987)

Section 137 Franchise Tax NPC v. Province of Isabela, 16 June 2006 Chapter 3 Collection of Taxes Sections 165 171

11

Chapter 4 Civil Remedies for Collection of Revenues Sections 172 185 Sections 176 and 178 Del Rosario v. Bascar, 206 SCRA 678 (1992)

Chapter 5 Miscellaneous Provisions Sections 186 193 Section 187 Procedure for Approval and Effectivity of Tax Ordinance and Revenue Measures; Mandatory Public Hearings Hagonoy Market Vendors Asso. v. Municipality of Hagonoy, 376 SCRA 376

Section 188 Publication of Tax Ordinances and Revenue Measures Coca-cola Bottlers Philippines v. City of Manila, 27 June 2006 Chapter 6 Taxpayers Remedies Sections 194 196

Section 195 Protest of Assessment Defective Assessment Yamane v. BA Lepanto Condominium Corp., October 25, 2005 2. REAL PROPERTY TAXATION Chapter 1 General Provisions Sections 197 200 Chapter 2 Appraisal and Assessment of Real Property Sections 201 225 Section 220 Valuation of Real Property Assessment Allied Banking Corp. v. Quezon City Government, 472 SCRA 303 (2005) Callanta v. Office of the Ombudsman, 285 SCRA 648, 663 (1998) Chapter 3 Assessment Appeals Sections 226 231 Chapter 4 Imposition of Real Property Tax Sections 232 234 Section 232 -234 GOCC vs. Government Instrumentalities Mactan Cebu International Airport Authority v. Marcos, 261 SCRA 667 (1996)

12

Chapter 5 Special Levies on Real Property Sections 235 245 Chapter 6 Collection of Real Property Tax Sections 246 270 Section 254 Notice of Delinquency in the payment of the Real Property Tax Posting and Publication Aquino v. Quezon City, 3 August 2006 Section 258 Levy on Real Property Extent of Levy Del Rosario v. Bascar, supra

Chapter 7 Disposition of Proceeds Sections 271 274 Chapter 8 Special Provisions Sections 275 283

3.

SHARES OF LGUs IN THE PROCEEDS OF THE NATIONAL TAXES Chapter 1 Allotment of Internal Revenue Sections 284 288 Share in the National Taxes Pimentel v. Aguirre, supra Province of Batangas v. Romulo, 429 SCRA 736 (2004)

4.

Chapter 2 Share of LGUs In the National Wealth Sections 289 294 CREDIT FINANCING Sections 295 303

5. a. b.

LOCAL FISCAL ADMINISTRATION Chapter 1 General provisions Sections 304 306 Chapter 2 Local and Other Special Funds Sections 307 313 Section 308 Local Funds Not subject to Execution 13

c. Municipality of Makati v. CA, 190 SCRA 206 (1990) d. Chapter 3 Budgeting Sections 314 334 Chapter 4 Expenditures, Disbursements Accounting and Accountability Sections 335 354 6. 7. PROPERTY AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT IN THE LGUS Section 355 383 GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT REFORM ACT (R.A. NO. 9184)

VIII.

SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSION

SIMULATION 4: CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION DEBATE ON FEDERALISM -convoc in class *A. Medel, et. al., Frontline Leadership: Stories of 5 Local Chief Executives, Ateneo School of Government (2007)

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