Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Drug Action
Uses
Nursing Interventions
Bind with the opiate receptors in the CNS to alter the perception of and response to pain
Resp. depression; N&V; Constipation; Urinary retention; Dizziness, sedation and drowsiness.
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis so that pain arising from stimulation of peripheral nerve endings is lessened.
Anti-infectives Bactericidal--Kill (Antimicrobials or bacteria by blocking Antibiotic) cell wall synthesis; Bacteriostatic-Inhibits growth of susceptible pathogenic bacteria (halts bacterial reproduction)
Ck order date (selfterminating drug); Ck resp-withhold if < 10; S.R.; Monitor output; Assist with amb; Can lead to dependency Measures to prevent constipation; Evaluate effectiveness Hypersensitivities (rashes, Adm. with full glass of asthma); GI irritation; Inhibits H2O or food; Upright for platelet aggregation 15-30 min p taking drug; (prolonging bleeding) Watch for bleeding (tarry stools, bruising); dont crush or chew enteric-coated forms; Evaluate effectiveness Allergic reactions: [rashes, Ck. order date (selfurticaria (hives), anaphylaxis]; terminating drug); Take Superinfections; Nephroaround the clock; toxicity; GI distress Assess for allergic reactions; Ck. for signs of Superinfection (black furry tongue, vaginal (Note: can effects of itching, diarrhea); Adm. contraceptives) 1 hr ac or 2 hrs pc or with food
Drug Action Act on the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) within the vomiting center. Neutralize hydrochloric acid secreted by the stomach
Uses Prevent nausea and vomiting Treat symptoms of acid reflux or heartburn (indigestion)
Nursing Interventions Assist with amb; S.R.; oral hygiene; Ice chips; Give deep IM in large muscle mass Shake liquid well & follow with small sip H2O; Chew tablets thoroughly and follow with glass H2O; Adm. 1 and 3 hr pc and at hs; separate antacids & other oral meds by at least 1 hr. Take med q day; Dont skip doses; Dont stop abruptly; Take B/P before adm (withhold & notify Dr. if B/P 90/60); Wt. reduction; Na intake; change positions slowly; Avoid hot baths
Antacids
Drug Classification
Drug Action Increase sodium chloride (NaCl) excretion causing H2O excretion leading to diuresis
Uses
Nursing Interventions Prior to adm. ck. B/P & electrolyte levels (anorexia, muscle weakness); Adm in AM (before 2PM); I&O; Daily wts.; Ck for signs of dehydration (turgor, dry mucous Membrane) Adm with full glass of H2O; Dont chew or crush enteric coated tablets; Adm at bedtime; fiber in diet; Fluids exercise Ck. B/P & P prior to adm; Monitor resp.
Diuretics
Treat hyperElectrolyte imbalances; tension or hypotension edema associated with CHF or other causes Treat constipation or cleanse bowel prior to surgery or dx. tests Diarrhea; abd cramps
Laxatives
Promote bowel evacuation. --Different types of laxatives have different M.O.A. Relax smooth muscle in the bronchioles
Bronchodilators
Sedative / Hypnotics
Antipyretics
Treatment of bronchoconstri ction (Asthma, Bronchospasm, COPD) Produce Provide generalized sedation CNS depression prior to procedures and manages insomnia Lowers temp. by Reduce fever affecting thermoregulation
Assist with amb; S.R.; Watch for abuse; Dont stop abruptly
Monitor temp; give with full glass of H2O; Dont chew or crush enteric