Baca dan pahami dengan teliti dan seksama.

Buat initial reflection, setelah itu kembangkan isi dari initial reflection di bab 1. Dibawah ini adalh contoh dari initial reflection, isilah sesuai dengan judul dan masalah yang kalian teliti. INITIAL REFLECTION JUDUL AR IMPROVING STUDENTS SPEAKING

COMPETENCE IN DELIVERING PRESENTATION THROUGH 3-P TECHNIQUE MASALAH PENELITIAN Students fluency in speaking competence is still low. . . Min 5 INDIKATOR MASALAH a). Speaking Competence (in oral presentation) time. .. .. .. Min 5 Most of the students achievements in Students time frame is more than maximum

English speaking is below KKM

b). The Situation of the Class PENYEBAB MASALAH SOLUSI YANG DIUSULKAN APAKAH X TERSEBUT Students have low involvement in giving . .. Min 5

questions and response to the presentation.

The motivation of the students to get involved in studying to speak English was not high. . .. Min 3 3-P Technique Extensive oral production tasks include speeches,

oral presentation, and story telling, during which the opportunity for oral interaction from listeners is either

highly limited or ruled out altogether. Language style is frequently more deliberative and formal for extensive tasks. Oral presentation is an address or presentation given verbally to an audience. It includes visual aids and take place in various forms including poster presentations, group work, interviews and debate. More and more, school and faculty are assigning oral presentations in courses. These can be very valuable learning experiences, but giving oral presentations in class can also be stressful for students. Not only they are worried about getting up in front a group to speak, but also many of them havent had much instruction in what constitutes an effective presentation. There are number of ways or techniques that can help students to improve their presentations and their speaking competence, namely 3-P Technique. The 3-P : Preparation Performance Performance review PREPARATION (pointers to planning) Know your topic and set clear objectives Analyze your audience Prepare your venue and check equipment Organize your talk Prepare the physical environment

PERFORMANCE Objectives o Audience o Format o Behavior o Venue o Protocol

POST PERFORMANCE REVIEW Follow up (act on promises made) Seek feedback, peer, audience, video Evaluate Reflect and debrief

 MENGAPA MEMILIH X, BUKAN SOLUSI YANG LAIN Because : -

Relax Reward yourself

It can improve students speaking competence. It can help students prepare for their presentations and improve their speaking skills. .. .. Min 5

BAGAIMANA X BISA MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH PENELITIAN ANDA

Some problems in delivering oral presentation can be solved by doing 3-P Technique. 3-P techniques are :

1. Preparation. The first technique is Preparation. Some preparations which should be done by the speaker before doing the oral presentation are knowing the objectives and setting the objectives clearly, analyzing the audience, preparing venue, checking the equipment, organizing the talk and preparing the physical environment. By doing this first technique, some problems which is often appears in oral presentation will be solved. the students can make clear and meaningful message so that the audiences are capable of hearing the information in very different ways. The students will be able to avoid using some fillers The students can make the format of presentations in logically order. Students can organize their talk. Every spoken word of the student can be heard and understood clearly with no difficulty by each person in the audience. 2. Performance The second technique is performance. It includes 5 things that should be conducted during the presentation : a. Get comfortable and bond with the audience, b. Use non verbal cues, c. Use voice, d. Monitor the audience and e. Be yourself!. This can overcome students difficulties in speaking. the students can make direct eye to eye contact with most of the members of the audience at some point

in the speech. The students will be able to use a variety of volume modulations (louder/softer), voice inflections (tone of voice), gestures, and facial expressions to convey enthusiasm or energy. Students will be able to handle questions. Students will be ale to select appropriate words and use correct grammar.

3. post performance review. After delivering the talk, the students should do the third technique, that is post performance review. Follow up, seek feedback (from peer, audience, video), evaluate, reflect and debrief, relax, and reward yourself are included in this technique. By doing this, some mistakes in conducting oral presentation can be evaluated and revised. students will know their weaknesses, mistakes and problems in speaking. Students will be ready for a confident presentation. Students can get some reflections of their speaking in order to improve their next presentation. The students presentation will be more effective. Students will be able to improve their achievement in English speaking.