Due date: 15 OCT 2011 Reading assignment #2 Bayan AL-Nawimi ECE450

1. Explain the difference between the session and the presentation layers. Session layer Its one of the corresponding Application layer on the OSI Its designed to create and maintain dialogs between source and destination applications. And to handles the exchange of information to initiate dialogs, keep them active and restart sessions. Its used by most application. - We can make coding and conversion of application layer data using this kind of formats GIF, JPG, TIF. - We can do compression. Coding and compression - And from security and privacy issue the Encryption can be appear. It means Scrambling the data so that only authorized participants can unscramble the messages of a conversation. Recall, that its easy to wiretap transmission media such as Ethernets. Presentation layer - Its one of the corresponding Application layer on the OSI

2. Explain the difference between the Network-Aware Applications and the Application layer Services. Network aware applications - Network aware applications react to changing network conditions, offering potential quality of service differentiation without network support. - They implement the application layer protocols and they are able to communicate directly with the lower layers of the protocol stack. -Email Clients - Web Browsers Applications layer services - Used to do so many services such as: File services - store, move control access to, and retrieve files -Print services - send data to local or network printers - Message services - transfer text, graphics, audio, and video over a network - Application services - process applications locally or through distributed processing - Database services - allow a local computer to access network services

3. Explain the difference between the Peer-to-Peer Networks and Peer-to-Peer Applications Pre to pre applications - Per to per makes the device act as both a client and a server but within the same communication. - Both can initiate a communication and are considered equal in the communication process. Pre- to pre network - As a disadvantage for p2p network its decentralizes the services on a multiuser network. - Its really good on Maintaining security and access policies, but all Policies and User Names and Passwords must be maintained on each peer device.

4. Explain briefly each TCP/IP application layer protocol (2 lines maximum for each protocol)

They are 6 common used protocols such as:

1- Talent protocol: TELNET uses the TCP transport protocol to achieve a virtual connection between server and client.

2- aFTP protocol: The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) provides the basic elements of file sharing between hosts. FTP uses TCP to create a virtual connection for control information and then creates a separate TCP connection for data transfers.

3-SMTP protocol: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), which is a mail service, modeled on the FTP file transfer service. SMTP transfers mail messages between systems and provide notification regarding incoming mail.

4-DNS protocol: DNS protocol is utilized to identify servers by their IP addresses and aliases given their registered name.

5-HTTP protocol: The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level protocol with the lightness and speed necessary for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems.

6- SNMP protocol: The Internet community developed SNMP to allow diverse network objects to participate in global network management architecture