PROCEEDING OF NCCN-11, 4-5 FEBRUARY, 11

White Space High Speed Internet

Vibha Raj Nag (SSCET, Pathankot), Gurpadam Singh (BCET, Gurdaspur)
vibha.bijla@yahoo.com
General Terms: Design, Experimentation ABSTRACT-White spaces are vacant frequencies Keywords: white spaces, Wi-Fi, dynamic spectrum access, White Space Devices

between occupied (licensed) broadcast channels or broadcast auxiliary services like wireless microphones. After the completion of the DTV transition in February 2009 [2, 23]. The amount of white space in most of the nations local TV markets will greatly exceed the amount of occupied spectrum. Networking over UHF white spaces is fundamentally different from

1.

INTRODUCTION

White space is defined as unused portions of bandwidth, thus the frequencies are available for use of 300MHz of prime radio spectrum in the VHF and UHF will be available for TV whitespace (TVWS), Companies such as Microsoft, Google, HewlettPackard, Intel, and Motorola, are already testing products that will use unlicensed wireless spectrum "white spaces," which sit between broadcast TV channels [20]. The unused spectrum in the whitespaces is more powerful than Wi-Fi, both for its ability to penetrate through thick walls and reach long distances, and the way it can negotiate around obstacles such as a mountain ridge or dense foliage, which can impede broadband access in rural areas. TV white space spectrum is considered prime real estate because its signals travel well, making it ideally suited for mobile wireless devices. Unlocking this valuable spectrum will open the doors for new industries to arise, create jobs, and fuel new investment and innovation. The National Broadband Plan noted the importance of unlicensed spectrum in creating opportunities for new technologies to blossom and recommended that the Commission complete the TV white spaces proceeding as expeditiously as possible. Recently, researchers have mentioned that they are beginning to look at the problem of establishing a wireless link between white space devices [8, 12] .This paper identify the

conventional Wi-Fi along three axes: spatial variation, temporal variation, and fragmentation of the UHF spectrum [10]. Each of these differences gives rise to new challenges for implementing a wireless network in this band. This paper going to present that how white space Wi-Fi technology along with digital TV white space i.e the advent of white space "Wi-Fi on steroids" could be the catalyst for a new wireless revolution leading to unprecedented investment and innovation [23]. The three key elements that make white space WiFi so compelling are its range, the ability to traverse obstacles, and faster wireless networking speeds. White space is the name given to the vacant airwaves between television channels, airwaves which are increasingly open as people move to cable and other methods of getting television. These airwaves have the potential to carry wireless data at speeds and distances that would make todays Wi-Fi seem antiquated. Thats why the white space has earned the nickname Wi-Fi 2.0 or Wi-Fi on steroids. On , September 23, 2010 The

Federal Communications Commission taken steps to free up vacant airwaves between TV channel called white spaces [17] to unleash a host of new technologies, such as super Wi-Fi, and myriad other diverse applications[1,30]. Categories and Subject Descriptors: [Communication Network]: Wireless communication

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challenges of forming a UHF white space network and show how to overcome them by presenting techniques, algorithms, and protocols backed up by extensive evaluation over a prototype network as well as in simulations.

range of current wireless technology is that it is easily obstructed. While the signal can theoretically travel hundreds of feet, place a couple walls between the wireless router and the mobile device trying to connect and the signal quality could be questionable at best. White space wireless networks can travel seamlessly through walls, trees, and other

obstructions just as broadcast TV signals have done for decades. Speed: 802.11n wireless networks can transmit data between 160 and 300 megabits per second. That is Figure 1 : Definition of spectrum white space[27] significantly faster than the previous 802.11b or 802.11g networks, but less than half of the 400 to 800 megabits per second expected from white space wireless devices. Even at long range, white space wireless networks can deliver network speeds much greater than current 3G or even 4G mobile broadband technology.

Figure2:

Underutilized

spectrum[26].

In Figure 1. white space for the protection viewpoint the noise limited coverage area is the broadcast coverage area with no interference from other transmissions. And Figure 2. shows the underutilized spectrum .The three key elements that make white space Wi-Fi so compelling are its range, the ability to traverse obstacles, and faster wireless networking speeds. Range: Current wireless routers are lucky if they can cover a football field. A range of a couple hundred feet is considered acceptable. White space wireless devices will have a range of miles instead of feet. Obstacles: One of the primary factors limiting the
Figure 3: shows how the white space technology simplified our work [26].

Shannon's Theorem always wins. Channel capacity is a function of bandwidth mitigated by the level and ratio of signal to noise. Wi-Fi can use 20 to 40 MHz channels in 2.4 and 5 GHz, and likely 80 MHz or more in future 5 GHz iterations. White-space

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spectrum can only be used in 6 MHz blocks. Even with an extremely efficient encoding, I don't see how one can get more than 15 to 20 Mbps out of a channel. I've seen several statements that white-space networks will hit 400 to 800 Mbps. 2. SPECTRUM SENSING:
Figure 4: Shows the spectrum usage in rural location [28,29].

White Space Devices need to be able to detect when signals are present and not present. The signals to be detected are either high power TV or low power wireless microphones One of the discussion points when discussing the detection of TV signals is how reliably the pilot tone in an ATSC signal can be detected at a range of flux densities. Analog/NTSC TV uses VHF and UHF Companies such as ADAPTRUM, founded by Robert Broderson the co founder of Atheros, claim that time domain matched filter techniques working across the whole of the 6 MHz ATSC channel provide robust signal Spectrum sensing techniques [9,11,21]. Motorola have added in geo location to provide additional protection. The broadcasters however remain sceptical. Even if sensing an ATSC signal can be achieved consistently down to low flux densities it is still feasible for devices to be in areas shadowed by buildings or hills - the hidden node effect. If the devices need to work

These signals potentially

desensitise the receiver

front end thus potentially compromising the sensing function of the device.

Figure 5: Analog TV (NTSC) spectrum [27,28].

Figure 6: Digital TV (ATSC) spectrum [28].

in countries with DVB TV (with 7 or 8 MHz channel spacing) they would need to detect a signal with a much more complex (and by implication hard to detect) pilot symbol structure.

Long-range, low-cost wireless Internet could soon be delivered using radio spectrum once reserved for use by TV stations. The blueprints for a computer network that uses "white spaces," which are empty fragments of the spectrum scattered between used frequencies, will be presented by ACM SIGCOMM a communications conference held in Barcelona, Spain [6,20] .

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TV stations have traditionally broadcast over lower frequencies that carry information longer distances. However, with the ongoing transition from analog to digital broadcasts, more unused frequencies are opening up than ever. By tapping into these lower frequencies, it should be easier to provide broadband Internet access in rural areas and fill in gaps in city Wi-Fi networks. For example, the spectrum between 512 megahertz and 698 megahertz, which was originally allotted to analog TV channels from 21 to 51, offers a longer range than conventional Wi-Fi, which operates at 2.4 gigahertz [1, 9, 13]. The FCC ruled in November that companies could build devices that transmit over white spaces but also gave strict requirements that this should not interfere with existing broadcasts, both from TV stations and from other wireless devices that operate within the same spectrum.
3.

miles. If that number turns out to be lower, then this map will have to be re-drawn in future. No one doubts, however, that the range is far greater than traditional wi-fi. Obviously, the issue of range has less to do with the transmission towers and more to do with the transmission strength of the users router or laptop. Since we do not yet know the strength of the upcoming devices, what I discuss now is speculation. The National Association of

Broadcasters (NAB), which are afraid that the new use of the spectrum will interfere with existing TV and wireless radio signals [33]. The traditional problem with downtown HOTSPOT that means Wi - Fi in cities is that it takes so many transmitters to cover a significant area and the signal is easily degraded by walls or other obstructions [31] [18]. White-space Wi-Fi may solves both of those problems. Television white spaces would likely provide the first broadband service in many underserved areas, including rural and other remote

HOW WHITE SPACE WORKS: White space technology will use

regions. This is a critical need given the 15 percent broadband gap between rural and urban/suburban areas, according to the Pew Internet Project [22] . Today, between 2,000 and 3,000 wireless Internet service providers (WISPs) and rural telephone cooperatives already rely on the current junk bands of unlicensed spectrum to provide broadband to remote customers, mostly in rural areas [23]. 5. CONCLUSION: This paper concludes that the white space i.e. supercharged Wi- Fi working on low frequencies and provide free high speed Wi-Fi internet. This newly released unlicensed spectrum will be a powerful platform for innovation. While its too early to tell how all of this will shake out the fact that the

routers, but unlike your Wi-Fi router at home they will have to communicate with an online database that tells the router what frequencies and power levels it may use. These routers will then search for broadband internet connections in the local area and connect to them if possible. Ofcom (U.K Telecom Regulator) plans to allow companies to host these databases in 2011[30]. 4. DISCUSSION AND FUTURE WORK: This technology is not yet available and no one knows exactly how it will operate. The study is going on, however, It is assumed that white-space wi-fi has a range of three

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FCC has voted to approve the use of available whitespace for internet use means this will probably become a reality in the near future. With so much at stake it is now a race to develop the technology to broadcast wifi signals. This issue has the ability to affect the US and other countries, but in today's every more connected world "just internet" might be the most important thing. This white space easily

[8] Buchwald, S. Kuffner, M. Brown, and E. C. L. Ecklund. The Design and Operation of the IEEE 802.22.1 Disabling Beacon for the Protection of TV Whitespace Incumbents. In DySpan, 2008. [9] Danijela Cabric , Artem Tkachenko , Robert W. Brodersen, Experimental study of spectrum sensing based on energy detection and network cooperation, Proceedings of the first international workshop on Technology and policy for accessing spectrum, August 05-05, 2006, Boston, Massachusetts [10] Ranveer Chandra , Ratul Mahajan , Thomas Moscibroda , of

penetrates obstacles such as buildings and trees and can reach longer distances than the higher

the ACM SIGCOMM 2008 conference on Data communication, August 17-22, 2008, Seattle, WA, USA [11] Genachowski: White space spectrum will help M2M apps FierceWireless [12]http://www.technologyreview.com/ [13]http://entrepreneurwisconsin.com/20109/30/278/

frequencies used by Wi-Fi devices. As part of ongoing work and study Sure its just free high speed internet that will really. 6. REFERENCES:
[1] FCC Press release FCC frees up vacant TV airwaves for

[14]http://www.internetnews.com/infra/article.php/3773891/Will+ White+Spaces+Save+World [15]http://www.enterprisenetworkingex.php/85832. [16]http://www.fiercebroadbandwireless.com/story/microsoftclaims-new-protocol-fixes-16 interference-problem-white-space-

super Wi-Fi Technology . [2] FCC press release, FCC Acts to Expedite DTV Transition and Clarify DTV Build-Out Rules. November 2001 and revised in 2009. [3] Demonstration of a Prototype Dynamic Spectrum Access System, Philips Research. In DySPAN demo session, 2008. [4] FCC press release, Evaluation of the Performance of Prototype TV-Band White Space. [5] FCC press release, FCC Adopts Rules for Unlicensed Use of Television White Spaces. [6] Nabeel Ahmed , Vivek Shrivastava , Arunesh Mishra , Suman Banerjee , Srinivasan Keshav , Konstantina Papagiannaki,

devices/2009-08-19 . [17] http://gigaom.com/2010/09/23/get-ready-to-innovate-fcc-

approves-white-spaces-rules/. [18] http://gigaom.com/2010/09/01/will-we-soon-have-gigantic-

wireless-hotspots/. [19] White Space Networking with Wi-Fi like Connectivity SIGCOMM'09, August 1721, 2009, Barcelona, Spain.

Copyright 2009 ACM white space spectrum and the ISM bands where [20] FCC press release, FCC Adopts Rules for Unlicensed Use of Television White Spaces. [21] D. Cabric, A. Tkachenko, and R. W. Bordersen. Experimental Study of Spectrum Sensing based on Energy Detection and Network Cooperation. In ACM 1st International Workshop on Technology and Policyy for Accessing Spectrum (TAPAS), 2006. [22] The FCC announced recently that it is opening up the vacant TV airwaves (white space) the frequencies between 300 MHz and 400 MHz) for unlicensed on October 20,2010 [23] FCC approves Wi-Fi on Steroids http://www.networkworld.com/news/2010/092310-fcc- approveswhite-space-wi-fi.html . [24]http://www.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2009/db0 109/DOC-287799A1.pdf IEEE Std 802.11-2007 and amendments 1, 2 and 3

Interference mitigation in enterprise WLANs through speculative scheduling, Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking, September 0914, 2007, Montral, Qubec, Canada

[doi>10.1145/1287853.1287900] . [7] R. E. D. Borth and B. Oberlie. Considerations for Successful Cognitive Radio Systems in US TV White 2008. Space. In DySpan,

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[25]

http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/802.11.html

IEEE

802.11 TV white space documents. [26] https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/file/08/1254-03-0

https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/file/08/11-08-1439-01-0wng-fcc08-260-clauses-devices. IEEE 802.22 documents https://mentor.ieee.org/802.22/documents . Wireless Innovation Alliance http://www.wirelessinnovationalliance.org . New America Foundation http://www.newamerica.net/ Paul Henry. http://mybroadband.co.za/news/wireless/16335-WhiteSpace-spectrum-needs-addressed. psh@research.att.com.

[27] How much white space is there? Mubaraq Mishra, Anant Sahai Electrical Engineering and University of California Computer Sciences at Berkeley

www.showmywhitespace.com. [28] White space-09/0048r5 March 2009

http://fjallfoss.fcc.gov//prod/ecfs/comsrch_v2.cgi. [29]http://www.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2009/db0 109/DOC-287799A1.pdf . [30] http://www.which.co.uk/news/2010/11/ofcom-plans-

supercharged-wi-fi-for-rural-areas- 235722/. [31] Wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotspot_%28Wi- Fi%29. [32] Fcc.gov/oet federal communication [33] Techcrunch.com/2010/09/23/wifi-white-space/

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