Leadership Styles & the Art of Effective Leadership

Anthony A. Miller, M.Ed., PA-C Associate Professor & Director Division of Physician Assistant Studies Shenandoah University Member, AAPA Leadership Advisory Commission

2002, Anthony A. Miller

Objectives
Upon completion of this presentation, you should be able to:
Better understand basic leadership definitions, styles, skills, and traits. Identify resources for leadership development. Identify obstacles to effective leadership and how to overcome them. Understand how power impacts leaderfollower relationships.

Assumption You want to lead!?

If you think you canor think you cantyoure probably right!
(Mark Twain)

If you believe you do not deserve whatever it is you want, you will not get it. Conversely, if you believe that you deserve all the goodness that life has to offer, you will be open to receive it. (C. Carter-Scott)

Main Points

(what I have learned and want to share in case I dont get through the rest of the stuff.)

Pearls
Be true to yourselfbut you got to know that person first. Be true to your principles and valuesbut you got to figure that out first. Love others.but youve got to love yourselffirst Aim highbut sometimes baby steps before running first.

Pearls

but also take time to relax/re-energize

Pearls
Fight vigorously for what you believebut choose your battles carefully. Promote yourself and promote others. Follow a leaderfind a mentor. Find your niche. Build alliances.

Pearls
Plan ---- Do ---- Evaluate --- Redo Learn --- Teach --- Learn Change is inevitable, learn to deal with it.

Pearls
12 Rules on Leadership.(winning)
Dont Quit. Dont Ever Quit Kiss _ss Kick _ss Frame the Debate Understand the Difference Between Strategy & Tactics Be Open Know How to Communicate Work Your _ss off Turn Weakness into Strength Know How to Recover When You Really Screw Up Know What to do When You Win (from Carville and Begala, 2002)

Pearls
The Essence of Leadership
Clear vision Drive to share to your vision Courage to challenge the status quo & be a change agent Ability to inspire others (individually and teams) Foresight to empower, to develop and stretch abilities of others Wisdom to listen, learn and act Integrity to live your values Willingness to recognize others for their accomplishments
Adapted from J. Tracy O Rouke, Chairman & CEO, Varian Associates (1/93)

Defining Leadership
Without any question, leadership is the most studied and least understood topic of any I can think of. To start with, there are more than 350 definitions with more coined by the dozens each month. (Bennis)

What is Leadership?
Giving the people not what they want but what they will learn to want (Cronin quoting W.
Lippman)

Managers do things right, leaders do the right things (Bennis) Leaders dont just report the news, they make it. (Kouzes & Posner, 1995)

What is Leadership?
...the art of mobilizing others to want to struggle for shared aspirations (Kouzes &
Posner, 1995)

...establish direction for a working group

of individuals, ...gain commitment...to this direction, and then motivate members to achieve the directions outcomes (Conger,
1992)

Defining Leadership
MODELS/CONCEPTS
individual traits behaviors role relationships and interaction patterns influence over others hierarchical position legitimacy of influence

Admired Characteristics
Honest Visionary Inspiring Competent Fair Supportive

from: Kouzes & Posner, 1995

Characteristics Admired
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1995 1987 Honest Vision Inspiring Competent Fair Supportive

Leadership Qualities
Self-knowledge/self-confidence Vision Intelligence, wisdom, judgment Learning/renewal World mindedness Coalition building Morale building/motivation

Leadership Qualities
Stamina, energy, tenacity Courage Enthusiasm Character, integrity Risk-taking/entrepreneurship Communications (persuasion/listening)

Leadership Qualities
Understanding & use of power/authority Goal & achievement orientation Problem-solving Sense of humor, perspective

I skate to where I think the puck will be. (Wayne Gretzky)

Influence Tactics
Rational persuasion Inspirational appeals Consultation Ingratiation Personal appeals Exchange Coalition tactics Pressure tactics Legitimizing tactics

Concepts of Power
Coercion Reward Legitimate Expert Referent/ Charisma

Barriers to Opportunities
Prejudice Poor Career Planning Poor Working Environment Lack of Organizational Savvy Risk-taking vs. Comfort Level Balancing Commitments

Learn About Leadership

Classes Observing Being a good follower Find a mentor/coach Reading for inspiration Self

Try? There is not try! There is only do or not do!

(Yoda from Empire Strikes Back)

Developing a Plan
Self- Analysis
Strengths Opportunities for enhancement
(aka weaknesses)

Principles/values Resources (intrinsic and extrinsic)

Developing a Plan
Vision
How do I see myself in the future?
(intrinsic perspective)

Where do I see myself in the future

(global/extrinsic perspective)

Create a motto

Developing a Plan
Set Goals
State as desired states or outcomes
(what you want to be, not what you want to do)

Short term and long term Broad

Develop Strategies
What do I need to do to get there? Specific and time linked Address weaknesses & resources needed

Developing a Plan

Write it down!
.then sign it and share it

Developing a Plan
Evaluate (on regular basis) Renew

Holistic Leadership
Work

Professional

Personal Family

Spiritual

Anthony A. Miller

Professional Portfolio
What is it?
Documents accomplishments, achievements Augments & supports resume

Potential Contents
Published articles, editorials News Thank you letters Certificates & awards Testimonials/kudos Presentations Examples of creations/innovations Appointments

Portfolio Index
Title
Professional Highlights of Accomplishments of

Headings
Do not use traditional resume headings Action oriented

Portfolio Index
Examples:
Developed billing follow-up mechanism that generated 25% increase in accounts paid Developed $250,000 grant funded by XYZ Corporation Secured donation for $100,000 endowed scholarship Planned and implemented campaign that yielded 100 new members

Promoting Yourself
Be a good follower Seek new opportunities (aka volunteer) Dont give up Decide on area of focus Network (be at right place @ right time)

Promoting Yourself
Partner (who can help me get there?) Promote others dont be afraid to ride on
someones coat tailsjust know when to let go

Associate yourself with a cause you believe in Specialist vs. multi-specialist vs. generalists Web site?

Promoting Yourself
Try this exercise:
Write an introduction for yourself. Keep to one or two paragraphs and no more than one page.
The only disability in life is a bad attitude.
Scott Hamilton

As for the best leaders, the people do not know their existence. The next best, the people honor and praise. The next, the people fear, and the next, the people hate. When the best leaders work is done, the people say, We did it ourselves.
Lao Tzu

And Finally
Believe in yourself and your ability to create your own reality. Trust yourself and your own voice and continually assess whether you are being true to your voice or to something else.
C. Carter-Scott, 2000

Questions??

Move in Gods Rhythm (Ting-Yu Chen)

Resources
Bennis, W. (1995). The artform of leadership. In J.T. Wren (ed.). The Leaders companion: Insights on leadership through the ages. New York: The Free Press. Carter-Scott, C. (2000). If success is a game, these are the rules: Ten rules to a fulfilling life. New York: Bantam. Carville, J. & Begala, P. (2002). Buck up, suck upand come back when you foul up. New York: Simon & Schuster. Covey, S. The seven habits of highly effective people. New York: Simon & Schuster. Hughes, R., et al. (1995). Power, Influence, and Influence Tactics. In J.T. Wren (ed.). The Leaders companion: Insights on leadership through the ages. New York: The Free Press. Kouzes, J. & Posner, B. (1995). The leadership challenge. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. McConnell, C. (1998). Mixed Motivations: The Leadership Contradiction. Health Care Supervisor, 17(2). 63-75. Morrison, A. (1995). Challenging the Barriers to Opportunity. In J.T. Wren (ed.). The Leaders companion: Insights on leadership through the ages. New York: The Free Press. Rosenbach, W. & Taylor, R. (eds.) (1993). Contemporary issues in leadership, 3rd ed., Boulder: Westview Press. Souba, W. (1998). The job of leadership. Journal of Surgical Research, 80. 1-8.