Viscoelastic Fluid Foam

Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Viscoelastic Flow Simulation in OpenFOAM
Presentation of the viscoelasticFluidFoam Solver
Jovani L. Favero
favero@enq.ufrgs.br / jovani.favero@yahoo.com.br
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Department of Chemical
Engineering
http://www.ufrgs.br/ufrgs/
February 26, 2009
1 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
1
Introduction
2
Problem Denition
3
Constitutive Models
4
DEVSS and Solution Procedure
5
Solver Implementation
6
Using the Solver
7
Some Results
8
Conclusion
2 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
What about Viscoelastic Flows?
Understanding and modeling of viscoelastic ows are
usually the key step in the denition of the nal
characteristics and quality of the nished products in
many industrial sectors, such as in food and synthetic
polymers industries.
The rheological response of viscoelastic uids is quite
complex, including combination of viscous and elastic
eects and highly non-linear viscous and elastic
phenomena.
Characteristics: Strain rate dependent viscosity, presence
of normal stress dierences in shear ows, relaxation
phenomena and memory eects, including die swell.
3 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
phenomena.
3 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
phenomena.
3 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Die Swell, Weissemberg Eect ...
(Loading viscoelastic.mpg)
4 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Why OpenFOAM?
Its a Open Source CFD Toolbox build with a exible set of
ecient C++ modules.
Ability of dealing with:
Complex geometries;
Unstructured, non orthogonal and moving meshes;
Large variety of interpolation schemes;
Large variety of solvers for the linear discretized system;
Fully and easily extensible;
Data processing parallelization among others benets.
5 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Why OpenFOAM?
ecient C++ modules.
Complex geometries;
5 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Why OpenFOAM?
ecient C++ modules.
Complex geometries;
5 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Why OpenFOAM?
ecient C++ modules.
Complex geometries;
5 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Why OpenFOAM?
ecient C++ modules.
Complex geometries;
5 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Why OpenFOAM?
ecient C++ modules.
Complex geometries;
5 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Why OpenFOAM?
ecient C++ modules.
Complex geometries;
5 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Viscoelastic Fluid Flow Formulation
The governing equations of laminar, incompressible and
isothermal ow of viscoelastic uids are the equations of
conservation of mass (continuity):
(U) = 0
momentum:
(U)
t
+ (UU) = p +
S
+
P
and a mechanical constitutive equation that describes the
relation between the stress and deformation rate.
6 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
(U) = 0
momentum:
(U)
t
+ (UU) = p +
S
+
P
6 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
(U) = 0
momentum:
(U)
t
+ (UU) = p +
S
+
P
6 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
where
S
are the solvent contribution to stress:
S
= 2
S
D
S
is the solvent viscosity and D is the deformation rate tensor:
D =
1
2
(U + [U]
T
)
The extra elastic contribution, corresponding to the polymeric
part
P
, is obtained from the solution of an appropriate
constitutive dierential equation.
7 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
where
S
S
= 2
S
D
S
D =
1
2
(U + [U]
T
)
part
P
7 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
where
S
S
= 2
S
D
S
D =
1
2
(U + [U]
T
)
part
P
7 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Important Denitions
1
Upper Convective Derivative of a generic tensor A:
A =
D
Dt
A
h
U
T
A
i
[A U]
or for symmetric tensors:
A =
D
Dt
A [A U] [A U]
T
2
Lower Convective Derivative of a generic tensor A:
A =
D
Dt
A + [U A] +
h
A U
T
i
3
Gordon-Schowalter Derivative of a generic tensor A:
A =
D
Dt
A [U
T
A] [A U] + (A D +D A)
where:
D
Dt
A =

t
A + U A
8 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Important Denitions
1
A =
D
Dt
A
h
U
T
A
i
[A U]
A =
D
Dt
A [A U] [A U]
T
2
A =
D
Dt
A + [U A] +
h
A U
T
i
3
A =
D
Dt
A [U
T
A] [A U] + (A D +D A)
where:
D
Dt
A =

t
A + U A
8 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Important Denitions
1
A =
D
Dt
A
h
U
T
A
i
[A U]
A =
D
Dt
A [A U] [A U]
T
2
A =
D
Dt
A + [U A] +
h
A U
T
i
3
A =
D
Dt
A [U
T
A] [A U] + (A D +D A)
where:
D
Dt
A =

t
A + U A
8 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Important Denitions
1
A =
D
Dt
A
h
U
T
A
i
[A U]
A =
D
Dt
A [A U] [A U]
T
2
A =
D
Dt
A + [U A] +
h
A U
T
i
3
A =
D
Dt
A [U
T
A] [A U] + (A D +D A)
where:
D
Dt
A =

t
A + U A
8 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Important Denitions
1
A =
D
Dt
A
h
U
T
A
i
[A U]
A =
D
Dt
A [A U] [A U]
T
2
A =
D
Dt
A + [U A] +
h
A U
T
i
3
A =
D
Dt
A [U
T
A] [A U] + (A D +D A)
where:
D
Dt
A =

t
A + U A
8 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Kinetic Theory Models
Maxwell linear:
P
K
+
K
P
K
t
= 2
P
K
D
UCM and Oldroyd-B:
P
K
+
K
P
K
= 2
P
K
D
where
K
and
P
K
are the relaxation time and polymer
viscosity coecient at zero shear rate, respectively.
9 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Maxwell linear:
P
K
+
K
P
K
t
= 2
P
K
D
UCM and Oldroyd-B:
P
K
+
K
P
K
= 2
P
K
D
where
K
and
P
K
are the relaxation time and polymer
viscosity coecient at zero shear rate, respectively.
9 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
White-Metzner (WM):
P
K
+
K
(II
D
)
P
K
= 2
P
K
(II
D
)D
where: (II
D
) =

=
2D : D
Larson:
P
K
(II
D
) =

P
K
1 + a
K
II
D
;
K
(II
D
) =

K
1 + a
K
II
D
Cross:
P
K
(II
D
) =

P
K
1 + (kII
D
)
1m
;
K
(II
D
) =

K
1 + (LII
D
)
1n
Carreau-Yasuda:
P
K
(II
D
) =
P
K
[1 + (kII
D
)
a
]
m1
a
;
K
(II
D
) =
K
_
1 + (LII
D
)
b
n1
b
10 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
White-Metzner (WM):
P
K
+
K
(II
D
)
P
K
= 2
P
K
(II
D
)D
where: (II
D
) =

=
2D : D
Larson:
P
K
(II
D
) =

P
K
1 + a
K
II
D
;
K
(II
D
) =

K
1 + a
K
II
D
Cross:
P
K
(II
D
) =

P
K
1 + (kII
D
)
1m
;
K
(II
D
) =

K
1 + (LII
D
)
1n
Carreau-Yasuda:
P
K
(II
D
) =
P
K
[1 + (kII
D
)
a
]
m1
a
;
K
(II
D
) =
K
_
1 + (LII
D
)
b
n1
b
10 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
White-Metzner (WM):
P
K
+
K
(II
D
)
P
K
= 2
P
K
(II
D
)D
where: (II
D
) =

=
2D : D
Larson:
P
K
(II
D
) =

P
K
1 + a
K
II
D
;
K
(II
D
) =

K
1 + a
K
II
D
Cross:
P
K
(II
D
) =

P
K
1 + (kII
D
)
1m
;
K
(II
D
) =

K
1 + (LII
D
)
1n
Carreau-Yasuda:
P
K
(II
D
) =
P
K
[1 + (kII
D
)
a
]
m1
a
;
K
(II
D
) =
K
_
1 + (LII
D
)
b
n1
b
10 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
White-Metzner (WM):
P
K
+
K
(II
D
)
P
K
= 2
P
K
(II
D
)D
where: (II
D
) =

=
2D : D
Larson:
P
K
(II
D
) =

P
K
1 + a
K
II
D
;
K
(II
D
) =

K
1 + a
K
II
D
Cross:
P
K
(II
D
) =

P
K
1 + (kII
D
)
1m
;
K
(II
D
) =

K
1 + (LII
D
)
1n
Carreau-Yasuda:
P
K
(II
D
) =
P
K
[1 + (kII
D
)
a
]
m1
a
;
K
(II
D
) =
K
_
1 + (LII
D
)
b
n1
b
10 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
White-Metzner (WM):
P
K
+
K
(II
D
)
P
K
= 2
P
K
(II
D
)D
where: (II
D
) =

=
2D : D
Larson:
P
K
(II
D
) =

P
K
1 + a
K
II
D
;
K
(II
D
) =

K
1 + a
K
II
D
Cross:
P
K
(II
D
) =

P
K
1 + (kII
D
)
1m
;
K
(II
D
) =

K
1 + (LII
D
)
1n
Carreau-Yasuda:
P
K
(II
D
) =
P
K
[1 + (kII
D
)
a
]
m1
a
;
K
(II
D
) =
K
_
1 + (LII
D
)
b
n1
b
10 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Giesekus:
P
K
+
K
P
K
+
K
P
K
(
P
K
.
P
K
) = 2
P
K
D
FENE-P:
_
_
1 +
3
(13/L
2
K
)
+

K
P
K
tr (
P
K
)
L
2
K
_
_
K
+
K
P
K
= 2
1
(1 3/L
2
K
)
P
K
D
FENE-CR:
_
_
L
2
K
+

K
P
K
tr (
P
K
)
(L
2
K
3)
_
_
K
+
K
P
K
= 2
_
_
L
2
K
+

K
P
K
tr (
P
K
)
(L
2
K
3)
_
_
P
K
D
11 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Giesekus:
P
K
+
K
P
K
+
K
P
K
(
P
K
.
P
K
) = 2
P
K
D
FENE-P:
_
_
1 +
3
(13/L
2
K
)
+

K
P
K
tr (
P
K
)
L
2
K
_
_
K
+
K
P
K
= 2
1
(1 3/L
2
K
)
P
K
D
FENE-CR:
_
_
L
2
K
+

K
P
K
tr (
P
K
)
(L
2
K
3)
_
_
K
+
K
P
K
= 2
_
_
L
2
K
+

K
P
K
tr (
P
K
)
(L
2
K
3)
_
_
P
K
D
11 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Giesekus:
P
K
+
K
P
K
+
K
P
K
(
P
K
.
P
K
) = 2
P
K
D
FENE-P:
_
_
1 +
3
(13/L
2
K
)
+

K
P
K
tr (
P
K
)
L
2
K
_
_
K
+
K
P
K
= 2
1
(1 3/L
2
K
)
P
K
D
FENE-CR:
_
_
L
2
K
+

K
P
K
tr (
P
K
)
(L
2
K
3)
_
_
K
+
K
P
K
= 2
_
_
L
2
K
+

K
P
K
tr (
P
K
)
(L
2
K
3)
_
_
P
K
D
11 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Network Theory of Concentrated Solutions and
Melts Models
Phan-Thien-Tanner linear (LPTT):
_
1 +

K
P
K
tr (
P
K
)
_
P
K
+
K
P
K
= 2
P
K
D
Phan-Thien-Tanner exponential (EPTT):
exp
_
P
K
tr (
P
K
)
_
P
K
+
K
P
K
= 2
P
K
D
Feta-PTT:
_
1 +

K
K
()
P
K
()
tr (
P
K
)
_
P
K
+
K
()
P
K
= 2
P
K
()D
where:
P
K
() =

P
K
1 +A
II
2
k
2
P
K
b
;
K
() =

K
1 +

K
K
I
P
K
12 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Melts Models
_
1 +

K
P
K
tr (
P
K
)
_
P
K
+
K
P
K
= 2
P
K
D
exp
_
P
K
tr (
P
K
)
_
P
K
+
K
P
K
= 2
P
K
D
Feta-PTT:
_
1 +

K
K
()
P
K
()
tr (
P
K
)
_
P
K
+
K
()
P
K
= 2
P
K
()D
where:
P
K
() =

P
K
1 +A
II
2
k
2
P
K
b
;
K
() =

K
1 +

K
K
I
P
K
12 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Melts Models
_
1 +

K
P
K
tr (
P
K
)
_
P
K
+
K
P
K
= 2
P
K
D
exp
_
P
K
tr (
P
K
)
_
P
K
+
K
P
K
= 2
P
K
D
Feta-PTT:
_
1 +

K
K
()
P
K
()
tr (
P
K
)
_
P
K
+
K
()
P
K
= 2
P
K
()D
where:
P
K
() =

P
K
1 +A
II
2
k
2
P
K
b
;
K
() =

K
1 +

K
K
I
P
K
12 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Reptation theory / tube Models
Pom-Pom model:
Evolution of Orientation:
S
P
K
+ 2[D : S
P
K
]S
P
K
+
1
OB
K
_
S
P
K

1
3
I
_
= 0
Evolution of the backbone stretch:
D (
P
K
)
Dt
=
P
K
[D : S
P
K
] +
1
S
K
[
P
K
1]
S
K
=
OS
K
e
(
P
K
1)
, =
2
q
,
P
K
q
Viscoelastic stress:
P
K
=

P
K
K
(3
2
P
K
S
P
K
I )
13 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Pom-Pom model:
S
P
K
+ 2[D : S
P
K
]S
P
K
+
1
OB
K
_
S
P
K

1
3
I
_
= 0
D (
P
K
)
Dt
=
P
K
[D : S
P
K
] +
1
S
K
[
P
K
1]
S
K
=
OS
K
e
(
P
K
1)
, =
2
q
,
P
K
q
P
K
=

P
K
K
(3
2
P
K
S
P
K
I )
13 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Pom-Pom model:
S
P
K
+ 2[D : S
P
K
]S
P
K
+
1
OB
K
_
S
P
K

1
3
I
_
= 0
D (
P
K
)
Dt
=
P
K
[D : S
P
K
] +
1
S
K
[
P
K
1]
S
K
=
OS
K
e
(
P
K
1)
, =
2
q
,
P
K
q
P
K
=

P
K
K
(3
2
P
K
S
P
K
I )
13 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Double-equation eXtended Pom-Pom (DXPP) model:
S
P
K
+ 2[D : S
P
K
]S
P
K
+
1
OB
K

2
P
K
h
3
K
4
P
K
S
P
K
S
P
K
+ (1
K
3
K
4
P
K
I
SS
)S
P
K

(1
K
)
3
I
i
= 0
D (
P
K
)
Dt
=
P
K
[D : S
P
K
] +
1
S
K
[
P
K
1]
S
K
=
OS
K
e
(
P
K
1)
, =
2
q
,
P
K
q
P
K
=

P
K
K
(3
2
P
K
S
P
K
I )
14 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
S
P
K
+ 2[D : S
P
K
]S
P
K
+
1
OB
K

2
P
K
h
3
K
4
P
K
S
P
K
S
P
K
+ (1
K
3
K
4
P
K
I
SS
)S
P
K

(1
K
)
3
I
i
= 0
D (
P
K
)
Dt
=
P
K
[D : S
P
K
] +
1
S
K
[
P
K
1]
S
K
=
OS
K
e
(
P
K
1)
, =
2
q
,
P
K
q
P
K
=

P
K
K
(3
2
P
K
S
P
K
I )
14 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
S
P
K
+ 2[D : S
P
K
]S
P
K
+
1
OB
K

2
P
K
h
3
K
4
P
K
S
P
K
S
P
K
+ (1
K
3
K
4
P
K
I
SS
)S
P
K

(1
K
)
3
I
i
= 0
D (
P
K
)
Dt
=
P
K
[D : S
P
K
] +
1
S
K
[
P
K
1]
S
K
=
OS
K
e
(
P
K
1)
, =
2
q
,
P
K
q
P
K
=

P
K
K
(3
2
P
K
S
P
K
I )
14 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Single-equation eXtended Pom-Pom (SXPP) model:
P
K
+ ()
1

P
K
=
2
P
K
D
K
Relaxation time tensor:
()
1
=
1
OB
K
_
OB
K
P
K
P
K
+ f ()
1
I +

OB
K
P
K
(f ()
1
1)
1
P
K
_
Extra function:
1
OB
K
f ()
1
=
2
S
K
_
1
1
_
+
2
OB
K
2
_
1

K
2
K
I
3
2
P
K
_
Backbone stretch and stretch relaxation time:
=
1 +

K
I
3
P
K
,
S
K
=
OS
K
e
(1)
, =
2
q
15 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
P
K
+ ()
1

P
K
=
2
P
K
D
K
()
1
=
1
OB
K
_
OB
K
P
K
P
K
+ f ()
1
I +

OB
K
P
K
(f ()
1
1)
1
P
K
_
Extra function:
1
OB
K
f ()
1
=
2
S
K
_
1
1
_
+
2
OB
K
2
_
1

K
2
K
I
3
2
P
K
_
=
1 +

K
I
3
P
K
,
S
K
=
OS
K
e
(1)
, =
2
q
15 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
P
K
+ ()
1

P
K
=
2
P
K
D
K
()
1
=
1
OB
K
_
OB
K
P
K
P
K
+ f ()
1
I +

OB
K
P
K
(f ()
1
1)
1
P
K
_
Extra function:
1
OB
K
f ()
1
=
2
S
K
_
1
1
_
+
2
OB
K
2
_
1

K
2
K
I
3
2
P
K
_
=
1 +

K
I
3
P
K
,
S
K
=
OS
K
e
(1)
, =
2
q
15 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
P
K
+ ()
1

P
K
=
2
P
K
D
K
()
1
=
1
OB
K
_
OB
K
P
K
P
K
+ f ()
1
I +

OB
K
P
K
(f ()
1
1)
1
P
K
_
Extra function:
1
OB
K
f ()
1
=
2
S
K
_
1
1
_
+
2
OB
K
2
_
1

K
2
K
I
3
2
P
K
_
=
1 +

K
I
3
P
K
,
S
K
=
OS
K
e
(1)
, =
2
q
15 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Double Convected Pom-Pom (DCPP) model:
1

2
S
P
K
+

2
S
P
K
+(1)[2D : S
P
K
]S
P
K
+
1
OB
K
2
P
K
S
P
K

I
3
= 0
D (
P
K
)
Dt
=
P
K
[D : S
P
K
] +
1
S
K
[
P
K
1]
S
K
=
OS
K
e
(
P
K
1)
, =
2
q
,
P
K
q
P
K
=

P
K
(1 )
K
(3
2
P
K
S
P
K
I )
16 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
1

2
S
P
K
+

2
S
P
K
+(1)[2D : S
P
K
]S
P
K
+
1
OB
K
2
P
K
S
P
K

I
3
= 0
D (
P
K
)
Dt
=
P
K
[D : S
P
K
] +
1
S
K
[
P
K
1]
S
K
=
OS
K
e
(
P
K
1)
, =
2
q
,
P
K
q
P
K
=

P
K
(1 )
K
(3
2
P
K
S
P
K
I )
16 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
1

2
S
P
K
+

2
S
P
K
+(1)[2D : S
P
K
]S
P
K
+
1
OB
K
2
P
K
S
P
K

I
3
= 0
D (
P
K
)
Dt
=
P
K
[D : S
P
K
] +
1
S
K
[
P
K
1]
S
K
=
OS
K
e
(
P
K
1)
, =
2
q
,
P
K
q
P
K
=

P
K
(1 )
K
(3
2
P
K
S
P
K
I )
16 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Multimode form
The value of
P
is obtained by the sum of the K modes:
P
=
n
K=1
P
K
17 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Multimode form
The value of
P
is obtained by the sum of the K modes:
P
=
n
K=1
P
K
17 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
HWNP
Was used the DEVSS methodology. The momentum equation
is rewritten as:
(U)
t
+(UU) (
S
+)(U) = p+
P
(U)
where is a positive number. The value of depend of the
model parameters, but =
P
K
usually is a good choise.
18 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
HWNP
is rewritten as:
(U)
t
+(UU) (
S
+)(U) = p+
P
(U)
P
K
18 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
HWNP
is rewritten as:
(U)
t
+(UU) (
S
+)(U) = p+
P
(U)
P
K
18 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Solving the problem
The procedure used to solve the problem of viscoelastic uid
ow can be summarized in 4 steps for each time step:
1
With an initial known velocity eld U
, a given pressure p
and
stress
, the momentum equation is implicitly solved for each

component of the velocity vector resulting in U
. The pressure
gradient and the stress divergent are calculated explicitly with
values of the previous step.
2
With the news velocity values U
it is estimated the new

pressure eld p
using an equation for the pressure and makes

the correction of velocity eld to satisfy the continuity equation,
resulting in U
. The PISO algorithm is used.

3
With the corrected velocity eld U
is made the calculation of

the stress tensor eld
using a constitutive equation desired.

4
For more accurate solutions to transient ow the steps 1, 2 and
3 can be iterate in a same time step.
19 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Solving the problem
1
and
stress

. The pressure
2

pressure eld p

resulting in U

3


4
19 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Solving the problem
1
and
stress

. The pressure
2

pressure eld p

resulting in U

3


4
19 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Solving the problem
1
and
stress

. The pressure
2

pressure eld p

resulting in U

3


4
19 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Solving the problem
1
and
stress

. The pressure
2

pressure eld p

resulting in U

3


4
19 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Solver structure
The solver was structured as:
1
viscoelasticFluidFoam.C = the main le of the solver.
2
createFields.C = to read the elds and create the
viscoelastic model.
3
viscoelasticModels/viscoelasticLaws/anyModel .C = to
read viscoelastic properties and solve the constitutive
equation.
20 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Solver structure
1
2
viscoelastic model.
3
equation.
20 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Solver structure
1
2
viscoelastic model.
3
equation.
20 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Solver structure
1
2
viscoelastic model.
3
equation.
20 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Main le: viscoelasticFluidFoam.C
Beginning le
#include "fvCFD.H" 1
#include "viscoelasticModel.H"
// //
5
int main(int argc, char argv[])
{
# include "setRootCase.H"
10
# include "createTime.H"
# include "createMesh.H"
# include "createFields.H"
# include "initContinuityErrs.H"
15
// //
Info<< "\nStarting time loop\n" << endl;
while (runTime.run()) 20
{
# include "readPISOControls.H"
# include "readTimeControls.H"
# include "CourantNo.H" 25
# include "setDeltaT.H"
runTime++;
Info<< "Time = " << runTime.timeName() << nl << endl; 30
21 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
// Pressurevelocity PISO corrector loop 31
for (int corr = 0; corr < nCorr; corr++)
{
// Momentum predictor
35
tmp<fvVectorMatrix> UEqn
(
fvm::ddt(U)
+ fvm::div(phi, U)
visco.divTau(U) 40
);
UEqn().relax();
solve(UEqn() == fvc::grad(p)); 45
p.boundaryField().updateCoeffs();
volScalarField rUA = 1.0/UEqn().A();
U = rUAUEqn().H();
UEqn.clear(); 50
phi = fvc::interpolate(U) & mesh.Sf();
adjustPhi(phi, U, p);
// Store pressure for underrelaxation
p.storePrevIter(); 55
22 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
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Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
// Nonorthogonal pressure corrector loop 56
for (int nonOrth=0; nonOrth<=nNonOrthCorr; nonOrth++)
{
fvScalarMatrix pEqn
( 60
fvm::laplacian(rUA, p) == fvc::div(phi)
);
pEqn.setReference(pRefCell, pRefValue);
pEqn.solve(); 65
if (nonOrth == nNonOrthCorr)
{
phi = pEqn.flux();
} 70
}
# include "continuityErrs.H"
// Explicitly relax pressure for momentum corrector 75
p.relax();
// Momentum corrector
U = rUAfvc::grad(p);
U.correctBoundaryConditions(); 80
23 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
visco.correct(); 81
}
runTime.write();
85
Info<< "ExecutionTime = "
<< runTime.elapsedCpuTime()
<< " s\n\n" << endl;
}
90
Info<< "End\n" << endl;
return(0);
} 94
End le
24 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
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Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Linear Phan-Thien-Tanner model: LPTT.C
Beginning le
#include "LPTT.H" 1
#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
// //
5
namespace Foam
{
// Static Data Members //
10
defineTypeNameAndDebug(LPTT, 0);
addToRunTimeSelectionTable(viscoelasticLaw, LPTT, dictionary);
// Constructors //
15
// from components
LPTT::LPTT
(
const word& name,
const volVectorField& U, 20
const surfaceScalarField& phi,
const dictionary& dict
)
:
viscoelasticLaw(name, U, phi), 25
25 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
tau 26
(
IOobject
(
"tau" + name, 30
U.time().timeName(),
U.mesh(),
IOobject::MUST READ,
IOobject::AUTO WRITE
), 35
U.mesh()
),
rho (dict.lookup("rho")),
etaS (dict.lookup("etaS")),
etaP (dict.lookup("etaP")), 40
epsilon (dict.lookup("epsilon")),
lambda (dict.lookup("lambda")),
zeta (dict.lookup("zeta"))
{}
45
// Member Functions //
tmp<fvVectorMatrix> LPTT::divTau(volVectorField& U) const
{ 50
26 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
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Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
// dimensionedScalar etaPEff = (1 + 1/epsilon )etaP ; 51
dimensionedScalar etaPEff = etaP ;
return
( 55
fvc::div(tau /rho , "div(tau)")
fvc::laplacian(etaPEff/rho , U, "laplacian(etaPEff,U)")
+ fvm::laplacian( (etaPEff + etaS )/rho , U, "laplacian(etaPEff+etaS,U)")
);
} 60
void LPTT::correct()
{
// Velocity gradient tensor 65
volTensorField L = fvc::grad( U() );
// Convected derivate term
volTensorField C = tau & L;
70
// Twice the rate of deformation tensor
volSymmTensorField twoD = twoSymm( L );
// Stress transport equation 75
27 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
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Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
tmp<fvSymmTensorMatrix> tauEqn 76
(
fvm::ddt(tau )
+ fvm::div(phi(), tau )
== 80
etaP / lambda twoD
+ twoSymm( C )
zeta / 2 ( (tau & twoD) + (twoD & tau ) )
fvm::Sp( epsilon / etaP tr(tau ) + 1/lambda , tau )
); 85
tauEqn().relax();
solve(tauEqn);
}
90
// //
} // End namespace Foam 95
End le
28 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Important functions
1
divTau(U) = is the coupled term between momentum
and constitutive models.
2
correct() = solve the constitutive model.
29 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Important functions
1
divTau(U) = is the coupled term between momentum
and constitutive models.
2
correct() = solve the constitutive model.
29 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Running a case
A case is organized as follow:
The time directories containing individual les of data for
particular elds. The data can be: either, initial values
and boundary conditions that the user must specify
to dene the problem; or, results written to le by
OpenFOAM. The les U, p and a le tau+ < name >
are needed (< name > correspond to name of
each individual mode, e.g. rst, second...).
A system directory for setting parameters associated
with the solution procedure itself. It contains at least
the following 3 les: controlDict, fvSchemes, fvSolution.
A constant directory that contains a full description of
the case mesh in a subdirectory polyMesh and les
specifying viscoelastic properties, e.g.
viscoelasticProperties.
30 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
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Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Running a case
30 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Running a case
30 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Running a case
30 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
One example of viscoelasticProperties le
31 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
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Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
One example of tau+ < name > le
32 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Test Geometry
A planar abrupt contraction with contraction ratio H/h of
3.97 : 1 (upstream thickness of 2H = 0.0254[m] and
downstream thickness of 2h = 0.0064[m]) was chosen as test
geometry because of the availability of literature data for
validation of the developed code.
Figure: Sketch of geometry and the boundary conditions.
33 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Flow Properties and models parameters
Q[cm
3
.s
1
] U
inlet
[cm.s
1
]

[s
1
] [Kg.m
3
] Re De
252 3.875 48.4 803.87 0.56 1.45
Model Parameter [-] [s]
P
[Pa.s]
S
[Pa.s]
Giesekus 0.15 0.03 1.422 0.002
LPTTS 0.25 0.03 1.422 0.002
EPTTS 0.25 0.03 1.422 0.002
FENE-P 6.0 0.04 1.422 0.002
FENE-CR 6.0 0.04 1.422 0.002
Maxwell linear 0.03 1.422 0.002
Oldroyd-B 0.03 1.422 0.002
34 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Flow Properties and models parameters
Q[cm
3
.s
1
] U
inlet
[cm.s
1
]

[s
1
] [Kg.m
3
] Re De
252 3.875 48.4 803.87 0.56 1.45
Model Parameter [-] [s]
P
[Pa.s]
S
[Pa.s]
Giesekus 0.15 0.03 1.422 0.002
LPTTS 0.25 0.03 1.422 0.002
EPTTS 0.25 0.03 1.422 0.002
FENE-P 6.0 0.04 1.422 0.002
FENE-CR 6.0 0.04 1.422 0.002
Maxwell linear 0.03 1.422 0.002
Oldroyd-B 0.03 1.422 0.002
34 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Mesh Properties
Figure: Mesh used.
Numbers of CVs x
min
/h y
min
/h
20700 0.0065 0.017
35 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
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Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Mesh Properties
Figure: Mesh used.
Numbers of CVs x
min
/h y
min
/h
20700 0.0065 0.017
35 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
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Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Contour plots
36 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Contour plots
36 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Contour plots
37 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Contour plots
37 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Contour plots
38 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Contour plots
38 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Contour plots
39 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Contour plots
39 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Contour plots
40 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Contour plots
40 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Stream lines
41 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Stream lines
41 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Stream lines
41 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Numeric versus experimental dates
42 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
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Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Numeric versus experimental dates
42 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Giesekus / FENE-P / LPTTS
43 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
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Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Giesekus / FENE-P / LPTTS
43 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
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Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Giesekus / Maxwell linear / Oldroyd-B
44 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
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Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Giesekus / Maxwell linear / Oldroyd-B
44 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
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Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Giesekus / FENE-CR / EPTTS
45 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
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Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Giesekus / FENE-CR / EPTTS
45 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
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Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Deborah eect
46 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
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Jovani L.
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Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Deborah eect
46 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
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Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Multimode DCPP
= 12.4[s
1
]
Mode
P
[Pa.s]
Ob
[s]
Os
[s] [] q[]
1 1.03x10
3
0.02 0.01 0.2 1.0
2 2.22x10
3
0.2 0.1 0.2 1.0
3 4.16x10
3
2.0 1.0 0.07 6.0
4 1.322x10
3
20.0 20.0 0.05 18.0
|PSD| =
_
(
yy

xx
)
2
+ 4
2
xy
47 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
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Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Multimode DCPP
= 12.4[s
1
]
Mode
P
[Pa.s]
Ob
[s]
Os
[s] [] q[]
1 1.03x10
3
0.02 0.01 0.2 1.0
2 2.22x10
3
0.2 0.1 0.2 1.0
3 4.16x10
3
2.0 1.0 0.07 6.0
4 1.322x10
3
20.0 20.0 0.05 18.0
|PSD| =
_
(
yy

xx
)
2
+ 4
2
xy
47 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
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Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Multimode DCPP
= 12.4[s
1
]
Mode
P
[Pa.s]
Ob
[s]
Os
[s] [] q[]
1 1.03x10
3
0.02 0.01 0.2 1.0
2 2.22x10
3
0.2 0.1 0.2 1.0
3 4.16x10
3
2.0 1.0 0.07 6.0
4 1.322x10
3
20.0 20.0 0.05 18.0
|PSD| =
_
(
yy

xx
)
2
+ 4
2
xy
47 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
PSD and velocity magnitude using DCPP model
48 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
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Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
48 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
48 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
48 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
LPDE ow
49 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
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Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
LPDE ow
50 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
A 3D capillary case: mesh
51 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
A 3D capillary case: Uz
52 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
A 3D capillary case: velocity magnitude
53 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
A 3D capillary case: stress magnitude
54 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
A 3D capillary case: stress magnitude
54 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Being Tested: viscoelasticFluidDyMFoam
Velocity magnitude:
(Loading magU.mpg)
55 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Stress magnitude:
(Loading magTau.mpg)
56 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Mesh rearranged:
(Loading mesh.mpg)
57 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
About viscoelasticFluidFoam solver
Was showed a comparasion of Gisekus model with numeric
and experimental dates from literature.
An example using multimode DCPP, LPDE ow and 3D
capillary ow.
A lot of models was tested: Giesekus, LPTT, EPTT,
FENE-P, FENE-CR, Oldroyd-B, DCPP....
The results lead us to conclude that the solver leads to
consistent results.
Suggestions for future work: Test the other implemented
models and more cases.
58 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
capillary ow.
consistent results.
58 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
capillary ow.
consistent results.
58 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
capillary ow.
consistent results.
58 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
capillary ow.
consistent results.
58 / 59
Viscoelastic
Flow
Simulation in
OpenFOAM
Jovani L.
Favero
Outline
Introduction
Problem
Denition
Constitutive
Models
DEVSS and
Solution
Procedure
Solver Imple-
mentation
Using the
Solver
Some Results
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Special thanks are directed to three good friends, the
Professors Dr. Argimiro R. Secchi, Dr. Hrvoje Jasak
and Dr. Nilo S. M. Cardozo for their continued support
and guidance.
59 / 59

Viscoelastic Fluid Foam

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Viscoelastic Fluid Foam

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Viscoelastic

, the momentum equation is implicitly solved for each

it is estimated the new

using an equation for the pressure and makes

. The PISO algorithm is used.

is made the calculation of

using a constitutive equation desired.

, the momentum equation is implicitly solved for each

it is estimated the new

using an equation for the pressure and makes

. The PISO algorithm is used.

is made the calculation of

using a constitutive equation desired.

, the momentum equation is implicitly solved for each

it is estimated the new

using an equation for the pressure and makes

. The PISO algorithm is used.

is made the calculation of

using a constitutive equation desired.

, the momentum equation is implicitly solved for each

it is estimated the new

using an equation for the pressure and makes

. The PISO algorithm is used.

is made the calculation of

using a constitutive equation desired.

, the momentum equation is implicitly solved for each

it is estimated the new

using an equation for the pressure and makes

. The PISO algorithm is used.

is made the calculation of

using a constitutive equation desired.

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