GLOBAL WARMING

Definition for global warming what is global warming?

The question about the definition for global warming or in other words "what is global warming" is relatively easy to answer. On a cold winter night, you would have snuggled under a blanket to keep yourself comfortably warm. Imagine if someone were to cover you with a dozen blankets? It would get very HOT! If you have experienced this, you will understand global warming better. Earth is surrounded by a mixture of gases called atmosphere. A few of these, called the greenhouse gases (water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide) have the ability to trap heat. Just as a blanket keeps you warm, the greenhouse gases make the Earth warm. Without this warmth, the Earth would be too cold for us to live in. However, when there is too much of gases in the atmosphere, the Earth becomes too HOT! This overheating of the Earth due to excess of Greenhouse gases is called GLOBAL WARMING. The phrase global warming refers to the documented historical warming of the Earths surface based upon worldwide temperature records that have been maintained by humans since the 1880s. The term global warming is often used synonymously with the term climate change, but

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the two terms have distinct meanings. Global warming is the combined result of anthropogenic (human-caused) emissions of greenhouse gases and changes in solar irradiance, while climate changes

refers to any change in the state of the climate that can be identified by changes in the average and/or

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the variability of its properties (eg.., temperature, precipitation), and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer.

Prediction for future temperature increase (global warming predictions)

According to different assumption about the future behaviour of mankind, a projection of current trends as represented by a number of different scenarios gives temperature increases of about 3 to 5 C (5 to 9 Fahrenheit) by the year 2100 or soon afterwards. A 3C or 5 Fahrenheit rise would likely raise sea levels by about 25 meters (about 82 feet).

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Even if the global warming effects would convince mankind to stop emitting greenhouse gases, the global warming is expected to continue past 2100 because carbon dioxide (CO2) has an estimated atmospheric lifetime of 50 to 200 years.

Causes of Global Warming

Automotive Applications Use of Automobiles has the major share. Tail and emissions increase the greenhouse gases. Excessive use of fuels demanding more resources Thermal Power Generation. Usage of coal reducing the fossil resources. Burning of coal increasing the pollution. Chimney top emissions in Factories.

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Effects of global warming

Main effects of global warming One of the most current and widely discussed factors which could lead to the ultimate end of existence of Earth and man is global warming and its devastating effects. Scientists have asked how fast the Earth is heating up, and how the warming effects on Earth may affect crops and climatic conditions. Several current trends clearly demonstrate that

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global warming is directly impacting on; rising sea levels, the melting of icecaps, and significant worldwide climatic changes. There are two major effects of global warming: 1) Increase of temperature on the earth by about 3 to 5 C (34 to 41 Fahrenheit) by the year 2100. 2) Rise of sea levels by at least 25 meters (82 feet) by the year 2100.

More details and secondary effects of global warming:

Increasing global temperatures are the primary effects of global warming. However they are causing a broad range of additional, secondary effects:

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Since 1980, Earth has experienced 19 of its 20 hottest year on record. The sea levels are rising faster, threatening to flood coasts, wetlands and many low-lying islands. On an average, rainfall and snowfall patterns have changed across the globe. Around the world, glaciers are melting rapidly. Raised temperatures have also triggered the extinction of many animal and plant species. Sea levels are rising due to thermal expansion of the ocean, in addition to melting of land ice. Amounts and patterns of precipitation are changing. The total annual power of hurricanes has already increased average markedly intensity since 1975 because duration their have and average

increased (in addition, there has been a high correlation of hurricane power with tropical seasurface temperature). Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns have also global weather events: They effects on extreme the frequency, increase

duration, and intensity of floods, droughts, heat waves, and tornadoes. Other effects of global warming include higher or lower agricultural yields, further glacial retreat, reduced summer stream flows, species extinctions. As further effects of global warming, diseases like malaria are returning into areas where they have been extinguished earlier

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Although global warming is affecting the number and magnitude of these events, it is difficult to connect specific events to global warming. Although most studies focus on the period up to 2100, warming is expected to continue past then because carbon dioxide (chemical symbol CO2) has an estimated atmospheric lifetime of 50 to 200 years.

The greenhouse effect

Global Warming is when the earth heats up. It happens when the green house gases trap heat &

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light from sun in the earths atmosphere, which increases the temperature. This is called Green house effect. Green House Gases: Gases involved in Green house effect are CO2- Carbon Dioxide NO2- Nitrogen Dioxide CFCs- Chloro fluoro carbons CO- Carbon Monoxide SO2- Sulfur dioxide Lead VOCs (Volatile organic Compounds)

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The greenhouse effect is a necessary phenomenon that keeps all Earth's heat from escaping to the outer atmosphere. Without the natural greenhouse effect it is certain that life on Earth would be difficult to sustain.

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In case of no Green House Gases: Temperatures on Earth would be much lower than they are now, & existence of life on this planet would not be possible. The global average temperature would drop precipitously 33 from its current 15 to-18C. Earth would become an ice planet. However, too many greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere could increase the greenhouse effect.

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What can we do to bring down CO2?

Replace your bulbs with compact fluorescent lamps. Use solar devises for heating. Construct Green buildings. Turn off your computers when not in use. Switch off the lights while sleeping or when office shuts down. Check your car or motorcycle tyres. Buy energy-efficient appliances. Buy fuel-efficient vehicles Switch to bio fuels or bikes. Walk, dont drive. Save paper to save trees. Rationalize price of electricity by installing energy efficient pump sets. Grow more trees. Use public transport Get your vehicles pollution checked from time to time. Switch to wind power. Stop the usage of plastic bags. Dont keep your fridge doors open for too long. Educate others.

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What government can do?

Should improve public transport facilities. Renewable sources should be used to produce electricity. Should take measures to educate people regarding usage of electricity and fuels. Strict laws should be made for companies to change their products as eco friendly. Implementing policies regarding Electrical Vehicles which encourage the people to use them.

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Steps against global warming

Todays greatest issue seems to be global warming and how we can become more aware of the harmful effects it has on the environment and affects on our lives. The increase and build up of carbon dioxide and methane gases in the atmosphere cause an abnormal blanketing effect, which heats up the environment. This abnormal heating triggers damaging climate changes in weather patterns, sea level and the actual air quality. There are numerous and simple steps we can implement to help lessen the damaging results of global warming. It all comes down to a willingness to incorporate these simple measures into our daily routines. Read on to learn more. Step1 Change standard incandescent light bulbs in your home and place of work. Use compact fluorescent bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs. Compact fluorescent bulbs use less electricity, give off the same amount of light and are less expensive to use. This will help the environment and save you on your electric bill.

Step2 Replace old electronics and other appliances with energy efficient ones. Many stores carry energy efficient model appliances such as stoves, refrigerators, washer and dryers and air conditioners. You will be able to easily identify these appliances with the energy efficiency sticker

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they are commonly labeled with. Again, making this switch will help the environment and global warming, while saving you money on your electric bill. Step3 Lessen your electrical usage. This can easily be accomplished by making sure lights are turned off in rooms where no one is present. Also, unplug all non-essential appliances (DVD players, stereos, televisions and more) when they are not being used and this will cut down on what is known as phantom load that occurs with appliance that still draw energy even when not being used. Step4 Install water saving shower heads and faucets. These utilize a low-flow system that will allow the homeowner to use half the amount of water, while not hindering performance and function. Keeping with water conservation, it can benefit the environment and the consumer greatly to turn down the hot water heater temperature to 120 degrees F. This is a simple way to do your part in the fight against global warming, while seeing hot water costs going down.

Step5 Switch to environmentally and globally safe cleaning products. These products are commonly known as green products because they are safe for the environment. So, look for products that are "eco-friendly."

Step6 Learn to recycle. In most every community in the United States, there is a recycling program

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initiative. Recycling paper, plastics, glass products and metals can dramatically cut down on the pollutant gases that are emitted at landfills. Also, learn to buy products that are made from recycled material.

Step7 Plant some trees. One of the biggest problems about global warming stems from foresting practices like logging and slash and burn farming. Combine this with intensive livestock practices that are incorporated by big farm corporations and you have the main reason for 90 percent of forests in the United States being destroyed. Destroying forests only adds more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere since trees absorb carbon dioxide. So, plant a tree and shade your neighborhood naturally.

Step8 Tune up your car periodically. Make sure your tires are inflated properly because this can lessen the amount of gas your car has to burn. For two car families, try to drive the car that gets better gas mileage more often.

Step9 Leave the car at home. Whenever possible, walk, bicycle or use public transportation. This will cut down on harmful car emissions released into the environment.

Step10

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Switch to organic food products. These products are produced through environmentally sound means and are healthier for human consumption. Many of these organic food products are commonly found in todays grocery store, making it easier to switch to these more nutritious and environmentally safe products. There are organic eggs, cheeses, milk, meats, fruits and vegetables and breads. The selection is in abundance; but it is up to you to make this simple switch which can send a strong message to corporate farms that utilize non-environmentally safe practices to produce food.

A reality in pictures
If a picture is worth a thousand words..
Before the warming: Glacier National Park, USA 1932

After the warming: Glacier National Park, USA 1988

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Before the warming: Peru, 1980

After the warming: Peru, 2002

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Before the warming: Kilimanjaro, 1970

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After the warming: Kilimanjaro, 2000

Before the warming: Nepal, 1978

After the warming: Nepal, 2004

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Even more obvious from space, this pictures of the North Polar cap from NASA show a melting of 25% in 25 years:

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CONLUSION:
Global warming is a serious threat that our planet is facing today. If we work together we can slow down global warming. One tree absorbs one tone of CO2 during its lifetime. The estimated population of India in March 2008 was 1.13 billion. If each person plants just one tree in a lifetime, we can eliminate 1.13 billion tone of CO2 from the atmosphere.

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On an average a person who lets the tap run while he brushes his teeth, wastes about 7 litres of water. If 1.13 billion Indians change this habit, we could save 1.13 billion 7 litres of water, in just a day! Small individual actions such as switching off the lights when not required, or using compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) instead of bulbs can slow down global warming. When we make a conscious effort, we bring about a positive change and save our planet from heating up further! While we work towards slowing down global warming, we should remember this saying, Alone, we can make a difference; together, we can change the world. On 31st March 2007, 2.2 million people in Sydney unitedly switched off their lights and other electrical appliances for one hour. They saved energy and prevented the release of 24.86 tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere in THAT ONE HOUR.

Why are trees important?

1.Trees release oxygen, an element essential for all living things to survive.

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2.By absorbing carbon dioxide, a hazardous greenhouse gas, and gradually storing it, trees play a critical role in protecting Earth from the climate change that is happening.

What happens when trees are felled?

An average tree absorbs 1100 kg of CO2 in its lifetime. Over the years, billions of

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tones of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are absorbed by the worlds forests. Therefore, every time a tree is cut or burnt down, all the carbon stored in it is released once again into the atmosphere. This happens on a large scale, through deforestation, when huge quantities of carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere. This speeds up global warming. But you can make a difference and TOGETHER we can change the world. By planting a tree you can remove about one tone of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. With a population of over a billion, if each of us in India were to plant one tree, together we can remove over 1 billion tone of CO2 from the atmosphere. Go ahead plant a solution.PLANT MORE TREES.

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A project on Environmental Management

Submitted To: Prof. Jyoti Maliwar Compiled By:
Angelina Poojari Jay Raichura Carol Rodrigues Ankita Satam Poornima Sawant Hemali Shah 37 38 39 40 41 42

Class:

F.Y.BMS (SEM II) Batch No. VII

Date: 5/01/10

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Shri Chinai College of Commerce and Economics

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Any accomplishment requires the effort of many people and this work is no different. We would like to thank Prof. Jyoti Maliwar for giving us an opportunity for doing the project together and for helping and guiding us in completion of the project. We would also like to thank our parents and friends who have supported and helped us in the project and constantly motivated us in doing the project. This was a new learning experience for us and will definitely help us in future.

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Regardless of the source, we wish to express our gratitude to those who have contributed to this work even though anonymously.

INDEX
DEFINITION CAUSES

EFFECTS GREENHOUSE EFFECTS WHAT CAN WE DO TO BRING DOWN CO2?

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WHAT CAN GOVERNMENT DO?

STEPS AGAINST GLOBAL WARMING A REALITY IN PICTURES

CONCLUSION