ELECTRICITY

CONTENTS Concepts & Units I Charge Current potential difference resistance Ohm's Law

Concepts & Units 2 Resistivity Conductance Conductivity current density conduction in metals

Simple Circuits Kirchhoff's Laws resistors in series resistors in parallel the thermistor the light dependent resistor (LDR) the light emitting diode (LED)

EMF(E) & Internal Resistance (r) single cell measurement of E & r cells in series cells in parallel

Power & Energy Energy Power the kilowatt-hour alternating current (A.C.)

The Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (C.R.O.) Construction Controls Voltage Frequency phase difference

FIELDS & EFFECTS

CONTENTS Gravitational Fields 1 Newton's Law of Gravitation Variation of 'g' with distance Escape Velocity orbits

Gravitational Fields 2 Gravitational potential Gravitational field strength Energy changes in changing orbits

Electric Fields 1 Law of Electrostatics Coulomb's Law electric field strength E electric potential V Electric potential difference relation between E and V

Electric Fields 2 electrostatic field diagrams deflection of ion beams field around a hollow sphere Van de Graaf Generator Gold Leaf Electroscope

Capacitors 1 Action Capacitance relative permittivity capacitors in parallel capacitors in series

Capacitors 2 energy stored in a capacitor charging & discharging spring analogy

Magnetic Fields 1

magnetic flux and flux density B magnetic field of current carrying conductor flux density for a straight wire flux density for a solenoid

Magnetic Fields 2 force on a conductor Flemming's Left Hand Rule force on a charged particle Hall Effect

Electromagnetic Induction 1 description of the phenomenon Faraday's Law lenz's Law Flemming's Right Hand Rule EMF induced in a rotating coil

Electromagnetic Induction 2 self induction mutual induction transformer

QUANTUM PHYSICS
CONTENTS Quantum Theory Quantum Theory summary Planck's Quanta Wave-particle duality Heisenburg's Uncertainty Principle The Wave Function Quantum Tunneling Quantum Entanglement Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC)

Wave-particle Duality The De Broglie Equation Optical interference from a double slit Quantum effects Wavelengths compared

Electron Diffraction What is diffraction? The Diffraction Grating Bragg Diffraction interference patterns Electron, X-ray and neutron diffraction

Photo-electric Effect History & the Photo Model Observations Wave theory predictions Eienstein's Photo-electric Effect Theory Millikan's Apparatus, stopping potential

Energy Levels, Ionisation Visualizing energy levels Energy level changes Spectral groups Ionization Excitation Potentials and Energies

THERMAL PHYSICS
CONTENTS Thermometry What is temperature? Fixed points Kelvin (Absolute) Celsius

Thermometers liquid in glass thermocouples resistance thermometers thermistors constant volume gas thermometer

Calorimetry Heat Capacity Specific Heat Capacity Determination of SHC by expt. Latent Heat Specific Latent Heat Capacity Determination of SLHC by expt.

Gas Laws Boyle's Law Charles' Law Pressure Law The Combined Gas Equation The Mole Ideal Gas Equation Units

Kinetic Theory of Gases Assumptions Derivation molecular KE and temperature

Thermodynamics Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

First Law of Thermodynamics Second Law of Thermodynamics engines & pumps

GEOMETRICAL OPTICS
CONTENTS Refraction laws of refraction refractive index common refractive indices

Total Internal Reflection Critical Angle 90o deviation with 90o prism 180o deviation with 90o prism optical fibres

Prisms

deviation dispersion

Convex Lenses types of lens basic ray diagram power of a lens ray diagrams The Lens Formula Magnification chromatic aberration

Concave Lenses types of lens basic ray diagram ray diagrams

Plane Mirrors Laws of Reflection plane mirror images

Concave Mirrors

basic ray diagram ray diagrams The Mirror Formula caustic curves parabolic mirrors

Convex Mirrors basic ray diagram ray diagrams

Telescopes astronomical refracting telescope terrestrial telescope Galilean telescope reflecting telescope

Microscopes magnifying glass compound microscope

The Eye

eye biology visual angle angular magnification near point short sight long sight

The Camera f-number depth of field