Difference Between Info n Knowledge Information, in general terms, is data plus conceptual commitments and interpretations.

Information is data extracted, filtered or formatted in some way (but keep in mind that data is always extracted filtered, or formatted in some way). Knowledge is a subset of information. But it is a subset that has been extracted, filtered, or formatted in a very special way. More specifically, the information we call knowledge is information that has been subjected to, and passed tests of validation. Common sense knowledge is information that has been validated by common sense experience. Scientific knowledge is information (hypotheses and theories) validated by the rules and tests applied to it by some scientific community. Organizational knowledge in terms of this framework is information validated by the rules and tests of the organization seeking knowledge. The quality of its knowledge then, will be largely dependent on the tendency of its validation rules and tests to produce knowledge that improves organizational performance (the organizations version of objective knowledge). Knowledge 1. The state or fact of knowing. 2. Familiarity, awareness, or understanding gained through experience or study. 3. The sum or range of what has been perceived, discovered, or learned. 4. Specific information about something. Information 1. Knowledge derived from study, experience, or instruction. 2. Knowledge of specific events or situations that has been gathered or received by communication. 3. A collection of facts or data. 4. The act of informing or the condition of being informed;

communication of knowledge: Safety instructions provided for the information of passengers. 1. Information is processed data whereas knowledge is information that is modeled to be useful. 2. You need information to be able to get knowledge. 3. Information deals with the way data is related while knowledge examines patterns within a given set of information. 4. To get knowledge you need some cognitive and analytical ability while for information you do not need cognitive ability. Artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents"[2] where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success.[3] John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956,[4] defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines."[5] The field was founded on the claim that a central property of humans, intelligencethe sapience of Homo sapienscan be so precisely described that it can be simulated by a machine.[6] This raises philosophical issues about the nature of the mind and the ethics of creating artificial beings, issues which have been addressed by myth, fiction and philosophy since antiquity.[7] Artificial intelligence has been the subject of optimism,[8] but has also suffered setbacks[9] and, today, has become an essential part of the technology industry, providing the heavy lifting for many of the most difficult problems in computer science.[10] Expert Systems Artificial intelligence based system that converts the knowledge of an expert in a specific subject into a software code. This code can be merged with other such codes (based on the knowledge of other experts) and used for answering questions (queries) submitted through a computer. Expert systems typically consist of three parts: (1) a

knowledge base which contains the information acquired by interviewing experts, and logic rules that govern how that information is applied; (2) an Inference engine that interprets the submitted problem against the rules and logic of information stored in the knowledge base; and an (3) Interface that allows the user to express the problem in a human language such as English. Despite its earlier high hopes, expert systems technology has found application only in areas where information can be reduced to a set of computational rules, such as insurance underwriting or some aspects of securities trading. Also called rule based system. Expert systems are part of a general category of computer applications known as artificial intelligence. To design an expert system, one needs a knowledge engineer, an individual who studies how human experts make decisions and translates the rules into terms that a computer can understand. Information Systems An Information System (or according to some people, Application Landscape) is some kind of combination of information technology and the activities of people associated to support and execute the necessary operations and management of the system with the responsibility of decision-making. It's a system of people and technology depending on each other to achieve some common goal. The very name suggests not only this co-operation of man and machine, but also the way in which the interactions between them work in support of various business processes. Information systems support different types of decisions at different levels of the organizational hierarchy. Major types of Information systems include structural databases and information management software that can include the following: Transaction Process Systems (TPS) Enterprise Collaboration Systems (ECS) Management Information Systems (MIS) Decision Support Systems (DSS)

 Executive Support Systems (ESS)