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COMPARING QUANTITIES
RATIOS Two quantities can be compared if their units are same. Two ratios are said to be equivalent if their corresponding fractions are equal. Two ratios a:b and c:d are said to be in proportion if . PERCENTAGES Percentages are numerators of fractions with denominator 100. It if represented by the symbol %. Eg: 25% corresponds to = 0.25 Increase or decrease in a quantity as a percentage is given by x 100 A percentage>100 denotes a magnified value. PROFIT AND LOSS The buying price of an article is called its cost price (CP) The price at which the article is sold is called is selling price (SP) If CP<SP profit is made and it is = SP-CP If CP>SP , then loss is incurred and loss= CP-SP When SP=CP then it is a no profit no loss situation. Profit or loss can be converted into percentage as Profit %= x100
Loss % = x100 SIMPLE INTEREST The amount of money that is borrowed is known as principal amount and is denoted by P. The extra amount of money that one has to pay is known as interest and is denoted by I. The total amount of money that one pays is A=P+I Simple interest (SI) on A when borrowed for T years is given by the formula SOLVED EXAMPLES Find the ratio of 25kg and 625g. Soln: first convert both quantities given in to same unit. 1kg=1000g Hence 2.5kg=2500g Required ratio = ==4:1 Find x if the ratios of 4:7 and 2:x are equivalent. Soln: given 4:7=2:x ie x== In a bag there are 6 blue marbles and 4 red marbles and 5 green marbles. What percent of total marbles are blue? Soln: total number of marbles = 6+4+5=15 Number of blue marbles=6
%of blue marbles = 100=40% Convert the following into percentage 1 0.08 Soln: i) for fractions 1== Percentage=100=125% ii) for decimal numbers 0.08100=8%
In a class 20% of students are boys. What is the % of girls in that class Soln: % boys=20 %boys+%girls=100% %girls=100-20=80% Reethu saves 30% of his income in a month. If her monthly salary is Rs 7,000 how much amount did she spend in that month?
Soln: income=savings+expenditure %inclomereethu spent=100-30=70% Amount of money she spent= 70% of Rs 7,000 = 0.7 x 7,000=Rs 4,900 The price of a coat decreases from 1050 to 950. What is the % decrease in its price? Soln:decrease in price=1050-950=100 %decrease=x100= x100=9.524% A shopkeeper bought a chair for Rs 1200 and sold it for Rs 1800. What is the percentage of loos/profit? CP=1200 SP=1800 Here SP>CP therefore profit is made. Profit=SP-CP=1800-1200=Rs 600 %profit=x100=50% 10. Reshma takes a loan of Rs 4,000 from a bank at 8% interest per year. Find the amount of money Reshma has to pay after 3 years.
Soln:P=4,000
R=8%
T=3years
SI===Rs 960 Total amount = P+I=4000+960=Rs 4960 Reshma has to pay Rs 4960 at the end of three years.
UNSOLVED QUESTIONS
What percent is 10 paise of 1 rupee? In an exam there were 20 questions. A student got 75% of questions correct. How many questions did the student answer correctly? Sheethal made fruit cream for her family. She used some black grapes and some green grapes. 30% of grapes used were black. A total of 40 grapes were used. Find how many green grapes she used? Priya weighed 60kg. Later she joined a gym and after a month her weight reduced to 55.5kg. Find priyas percent weight loss. Arjun scored a total of 80 marks out of 100 in the first test and 68 in his second test. What is the decrease in his performance? A shop owner sold a table for Rs 2250 by making a profit of 12.5% on it. Find the original cost of that table. Kunal takes a loan from a bank for 5 years. The bank charged an interest at a rate of 9% per year. Find the amount he took from bank as loan, if he had to pay an interest of Rs 16200 at the end of 5 years?
Suresh borrows a sum of Rs 31,250. He repays the amount together with the interest of Rs 6875 at the end of 4 years. Find the rat of interest. Seena bought a mobile phone for Rs 25,000. After using it for a year, she sold to Aleena at a loss of 20%. Aleena further sold it to Raj at a profit or 15%. Find the price at which Raj bought the phone from Aleena.