sodlum chlorlde naCl common salL

ropert|es

Sodlum chlorlde ls readlly soluble ln waLer and lnsoluble or only sllghLly soluble ln mosL oLher llqulds lL
forms small LransparenL colorless Lo whlLe cublc crysLals Sodlum chlorlde ls odorless buL has a
characLerlsLlc LasLe lL ls an lonlc compound belng made up of equal numbers of poslLlvely charged
sodlum and negaLlvely charged chlorlde lons When lL ls melLed or dlssolved ln waLer Lhe lons can move
abouL freely so LhaL dlssolved or molLen sodlum chlorlde ls a conducLor of elecLrlclLy lL can be
decomposed lnLo sodlum and chlorlne by passlng an elecLrlcal currenL Lhrough lL (see elecLrolysls )
sodlum
blcarbonaLe or sodlum hydrogen carbonaLe chemlcal compound naPCC
3
a whlLe crysLalllne or
granular powder commonly known as blcarbonaLe of soda or baklng soda lL ls soluble ln waLer and very
sllghLly soluble ln alcohol lL evolves carbon dloxlde gas when heaLed above abouL 30C a properLy
made use of ln baklng powder of whlch lL ls a componenL lL ls also decomposed by mosL aclds Lhe acld
ls neuLrallzed and carbon dloxlde ls glven off 1he ma[or use of sodlum blcarbonaLe ls ln foods eg
baked goods lL ls used ln effervescenL salLs and ls someLlmes used medlcally Lo correcL excess
sLomach acldlLy lL ls also used ln several klnds of flre exLlngulshers AlLhough lL ls an lnLermedlaLe
producL ln Lhe Solvay process for maklng sodlum carbonaLe lL ls more economlcal Lo prepare lL from
purlfled sodlum carbonaLe Lhan Lo purlfy Lhe lnLermedlaLe 8ecause Lhe blcarbonaLe ls less soluble Lhan
Lhe carbonaLe carbon dloxlde gas ls bubbled lnLo a saLuraLed soluLlon of pure carbonaLe and Lhe
blcarbonaLe preclplLaLes ouL Lo be collecLed and drled



glucose dexLrose or grape sugar monosaccharlde sugar wlLh Lhe emplrlcal formula C
6
P
12
C
6
3 1hls
carbohydraLe occurs ln Lhe sap of mosL planLs and ln Lhe [ulce of grapes and oLher frulLs Clucose ls a
normal componenL of anlmal blood lL Lhus requlres no dlgesLlon prlor Lo absorpLlon lnLo Lhe
bloodsLream Clucose can be obLalned by hydrolysls of a varleLy of carbohydraLes eg mllk and cane
sugars malLose cellulose or glycogen buL lL ls usually manufacLured by hydrolysls of cornsLarch wlLh
sLeam and dlluLe acld Lhe corn syrup Lhus obLalned conLalns also some dexLrlns and malLose Clucose ls
used ln Lhe manufacLure of candy chewlng gum [ams [ellles Lable syrups and oLher foods and for
many oLher purposes lL ls Lhe ma[or source of energy ln anlmal meLabollsm Clucose LasLes only abouL
LhreefourLhs as sweeL as Lable sugar ( sucrose ) 1he presence of glucose can be deLecLed by use of
lehllngs soluLlon varlous modlflcaLlons of Lhls LesL are used Lo deLecL glucose ln urlne whlch may be a
sympLom of dlabeLes

GLUCOSE ICSC: 0865

Date of peer-review: April 1997

D-Glucose
Dextrose
Grape sugar

CAS # 50-99-7 C
6
H
12
O
6

RTECS # LZ6600000 Molecular mass: 180.2
UN #

EC #

%!ES OF HAZARD /
EX!OSURE
ACU%E HAZARDS /
S!%OS
!REVEN%ION
FIRS% AID / FIRE
FIGH%ING
FIRE
Combustible. NO open flames. Powder, water spray,
foam, carbon dioxide.
EX!LOSION
inely dispersed
particles form explosive
mixtures in air.
Prevent deposition of
dust; closed system,
dust explosion-proof
electrical equipment and
lighting.

EX!OSURE

InhaIation

'entilation (not if
powder).
resh air, rest.
Skin

Eyes

Safety goggles. irst rinse with plenty of
water for several
minutes (remove contact
lenses if easily
possible), then take to a
doctor.
Ingestion

Rinse mouth.
S!ILLAGE DIS!OSAL !ACKAGING & LABELLING
Sweep spilled substance into containers. Wash
away remainder with plenty of water.
EU CIassification
UN CIassification
EERGENC RES!ONSE S%ORAGE

Separated from strong oxidants. Well closed.

I!CS
nternational
Programme
on
Chemical
Safety


Prepared in the context of cooperation
between the nternational Programme on
Chemical Safety and the Commission of
the European Communities PCS, CEC
2001

SEE I!OR%AN% INFORA%ION ON
BACK


GLUCOSE ICSC: 0865

I!OR%AN% DA%A
!HSICAL S%A%E; A!!EARANCE:
WHTE POWDER. SWEET TASTE.

!HSICAL DANGERS:
Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular
form, mixed with air.

CHEICAL DANGERS:
Reacts violently with strong oxidants.

OCCU!A%IONAL EX!OSURE LII%S:
TL' not established. MAK not established.
ROU%ES OF EX!OSURE:
The substance can be absorbed into the body by
ingestion.
!HSICAL !RO!ER%IES
Melting point: 146C
Relative density (water = 1): 1.56
Solubility in water: soluble
Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: -3.3
ENVIRONEN%AL DA%A
NO%ES
Dextrosol, Glucolin, Dextropur are trade names.
ADDI%IONAL INFORA%ION
LEGAL NO%ICE Neither the CEC nor the PCS nor any person acting on behalf of the CEC or the
PCS is responsible for the use which might be made of this information

PCS, CEC 2001
See Also:
Toxicological Abbreviations


1he chemlcal compound potass|um ch|or|de (kCl) ls a meLal hallde salL composed of
poLasslum and chlorlne ln lLs pure sLaLe lL ls odorless and has a whlLe or colorless
vlLreous crysLal appearance wlLh a crysLal sLrucLure LhaL cleaves easlly ln Lhree
dlrecLlons oLasslum chlorlde crysLals are facecenLered cublc oLasslum chlorlde was
hlsLorlcally known as murlaLe of poLash Lhls name ls occaslonally sLlll encounLered ln
assoclaLlon wlLh lLs use as a ferLlllzer oLash varles ln color from plnk or red Lo whlLe
dependlng on Lhe mlnlng and recovery process used WhlLe poLash someLlmes referred
Lo as soluble poLash ls usually hlgher ln analysls and ls used prlmarlly for maklng llquld
sLarLer ferLlllzers kCl ls used ln medlclne sclenLlflc appllcaLlons and food processlng lL
occurs naLurally as Lhe mlneral sylvlLe and ln comblnaLlon wlLh sodlum chlorlde as
sylvlnlLe

Potassium chloride has a crystalline structure like many other salts. Its structure
is Iace-centered cubic. Its lattice constant is roughly 630 picometers. Some other
properties are
O %ransmission range: 210 nm to 20 m
O %ransmittivity 92 at 450 nm and rises linearly to 94 at 16 m
O #eIractive index 1.456 at 10 m
O #eIlection Loss 6.8 at 10 m (two surIaces)
O dd% (expansion coeIIicient) 33.210
6
S
O dLd% (reIractive index gradient) 4010
6
S
O %hermal conductivity 0.036 W(cmK)
O amage threshold (Newman & Novak): 4 GWcm
2
or 2 Jcm
2
(0.5 or 1 ns
pulse rate); 4.2 Jcm
2
(1.7 ns pulse rate Kovalev & Faizullov)









GLULY%

Generic : Fluids and lectrolytes
PP rug lass: Fluids Miscellaneous Fluids ral lectrolytesydrating
Solutions
Needs a Prescription: No
Indications: Maintenance Iluid Ior the prevention oI dehydration secondary
to acute or chronic gastroenteritis or other Iorms oI diarrhea
except cholera. eat cramps and heat exhaustion in adults, other
medical and surgical conditions where oral rehydration to
replace Iluids and electrolytes is needed like, burns, post-surgery
replacement or maintenance, mild salt-losing syndrome.
#ecommended osage: #eplacement therapy: 25-50 mLkg body weightday taken in 6-
12 hours. Maintenance therapy: 100 mLkg body weightday or
10 mLkg body weight aIter each stool.
ontraindication: Intestinal obstruction requiring surgical intervention.
Precaution: #enal and heart Iailure, comatose patients on tube Ieeding.
Available Forms: Sachet (plain, apple, orange Ilavor)
ompany: Pascual Laboratories, Inc.
O or oral rehydration salts
O For rehydration (to replace the water and some important salts |electrolytes|):
o For oral dosage Iorm (solution):
Adults and teenagersose is based on body weight and must be
determined by your doctor. At Iirst, the usual dose is 50 to 100 milliliters
(mL) oI solution per kilogram (kg) (23 to 45 mL per pound) oI body
weight taken over Iour to six hours. Your doctor may change the dose
depending on your thirst and your response to the treatment.
hildrenose is based on body weight and must be determined by your
doctor. At Iirst, the usual dose is 50 to 100 mL per kg (23 to 45 mL per
pound) oI body weight taken over the Iirst Iour hours. Your doctor may
change the dose depending on your thirst and your response to the
treatment.
$torage-%o store this medicine:
O Keep out oI the reach oI children.
O Store away Irom heat and direct light.
O o not store the powder packets in the bathroom, near the kitchen sink, or in other damp
places. eat or moisture may cause the medicine to break down.
O Store the liquid in the reIrigerator. owever, keep the medicine Irom Ireezing.
O Make a Iresh solution each day. iscard unused solution at the end oI each day. Be sure
that any discarded medicine is out oI the reach oI children.
!recautions While Using This Medicine
at soIt Ioods, iI possible, such as rice cereal, bananas, cooked peas or beans, and potatoes to
keep up nutrition until the diarrhea stops and regular Iood and milk can be taken again. Breast-
Ied inIants should be given breast milk between doses oI the solution.
II your diarrhea does not improve in 1 or 2 days, or iI it becomes worse, check with your doctor.
Also, .he. with your do.tor immediately iI your baby or child appears to have severe thirst,
doughy skin, sunken eyes, dizziness or lightheadedness, tiredness or weakness, irritability,
diIIicult urination, loss oI weight, or convulsions (seizures). %hese signs may mean that too
much water has been lost Irom the body.
For patients (except nursing babies) using the powder form oI this medicine:
O rink plain water whenever thirsty between doses oI solution.
For patients taking the premixed liquid form oI this medicine:
O o not drink Iruit juices or eat Ioods containing added salt until the diarrhea has stopped.
$ide Effects of This Medicine
Along with its needed eIIects, a medicine may cause some unwanted eIIects. Although not all oI
these side eIIects may occur, iI they do occur they may need medical attention.
heck with your doctor as soon as possible iI any oI the Iollowing side eIIects occur:
$ymptoms of too mu.h sodium (salt) in the body
onvulsions (seizures); dizziness; Iast heartbeat; high blood pressure; irritability; muscle
twitching; restlessness; swelling oI Ieet or lower legs; weakness
$ymptoms of too mu.h fluid in the body
PuIIy eyelids
ther side eIIects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. %hese side eIIects may
go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. owever, check with your
doctor iI the Iollowing side eIIect continues or is bothersome:
More .ommon
Vomiting (mild)
ther side eIIects not listed above may also occur in some patients. II you notice any other
eIIects, check with your doctor.