AFFENPINSCHER

ffenpinschers fall into the category of dog breeds commonly known as toy breeds. These dogs are quite

similar to terriers. They weigh between 7-9 pounds (3-4 kg) and are not higher than 11 inches (24-30 cm). They have harsh, rough coats and their expression is sometimes called monkey-like. This is also how they get their name because Affe means monkey in German. The coat forms a mane over the shoulders and the head and is shaggy in these areas. Over the hind and back quarters the coat is typically much shorter. The texture of the coat is wiry. In the UK, the only acceptable coat color is black, but the American Kennel Club also accepts silver, gray, red and tan, and belge (a mixture of black, white and red hairs). Black is the preferred color for most clubs and kennels. These dogs dont shed very much and frequent grooming will usually keep their surroundings free of loose fur. By appearance, these dogs are common associated to terriers, but by temperament, they seem to belong more to the pinscher-schnauzer group of dogs. This breed gets along well with other pets and animals, thus differentiating it from terriers. They are curious, active, stubborn and adventurous. They are also fun loving and playful by nature. They are affectionate towards family members and can get very protective. These dogs really enjoy being part of a family. However, they are difficult to house-break and need consistent, patient training. These dogs also tend to become easily bored, so the training routine should be made as varied as possible. These dogs are reasonably territorial about their food and their toys. For this reason, they are not recommended to have around really young children. Mostly quiet
1|P a ge

by nature, these dogs can become very aggressive if threatened or cornered. Affenpinschers are best kept in families that like shows and have a sense of humor. The average lifespan of these dogs is 11.4 years. This is the typical lifespan of a pure bred dog but lower when compared to other dogs of the same size. The most commonly known causes of death are old age and urologic reasons. This breed is also vulnerable to hip dysplasia and collapsed trachea (in which the cartilaginous rings of the trachea collapse, thus flattening the trachea). The latter is an ailment found in many small dogs and is usually associated with obesity. Some cases of cataract have also been reported in Affecpinschers. As the name suggests, these dogs are German by origin. They date back to the 17th century. This breed is commonly thought to be older than both Miniature Schnauzers and Brussels Griffons, which are both well known varieties of toy breeds. Since the 1600s, dogs of the Affenpinscher type have been known. These dogs, however, were larger and came in colors like fawn, black and tan, and grey and tan. The breed was developed to be ratters and was used to free buildings (specifically kitchens, stables and granaries) of rodents.

2|P a ge

AFGHAN GREYHOUND

ith this afghan greyhound is the same as other breeds of ancient origin, which are surrounded by

legends. It is said, that Noah himself put a couple of Afghans into his ark, which would make them the oldest dogs on earth. It probably is a descendent of the ancient Egyptian greyhound which was used in hunting large game. From 1888, in which a British Army Official took a couple of Afghans to England, is development began in Europe and its spread throughout the world.

PHYSICAL

TRAITS

of

the

AFGHAN

GREYHOUND

The males height should not exceed 74 cm, the females are 6 cm shorter and the weight is between 25 and 30 kg, measurements that make the afghan greyhound a large dog, with a solid body with a well defined rib cage. It is harmonious, very elegant, wide skulled, elongated muzzle, an undefined stop and black or liver red nose, according to the coat color. The eyes are dark, oblique, and almost triangular; and the ears are droopy. The fur is very long and fine throughout the body, except in the face where it is short and sense, except for the head that exhibits a longer tuft and a beard with bristles, denominated mandarins. There are no defined colors in the standard and every color is admitted. One of the most peculiar traits is its peculiar stride movements, the head is erect with a distinguished air and the elastic step of its stride is long. When it runs, the afghan is able to change direction feinting in even 90 without slowing down. TEMPERAMENT AND ADAPTATION of the AFGHAN GREYHOUND:

Its training should be firm, but not brusque. The afghan is a peaceful animal that, although it is affectionate to the family, it is no effusive, but its love and loyalty to the
3|P a ge

owner is unquestionable. It can seem selfish especially with strangers, which it truly despises. It has a great sense of comfort that is why it is important that its place in the home is defined from the beginning. It adapts to the home, preferably if it has a garden. EXERCISE AND CARE required for a AFGHAN GREYHOUND:

The fur requires much care: soft brushing every day and periodical professional care. It needs to exercise regularly besides daily walks.

4|P a ge

AFRICANIS

he Africanis is actually an umbrella name for all aboriginal dogs from South Africa. This group is generally not recognized as a breed.

Its exact origin is unknown, but these dogs are widely believed to be the descendants of hounds and pariah dogs of ancient Africa. They were possibly brought into the Nile Valley from the Levant. In Swahili language, this breed is called umbwa wa ki-shenzi which means traditional dog or common mongrel. These dogs are medium sized and have short coats. They are muscular and more long than tall. They can be found in various colors. Some dogs may come with a ridgeback. There is no certain standard for the appearance of these dogs. They are ideally suited to the climate and terrain of Africa. The beauty of these dogs lies in the simplicity and adaptability of their bodies. These dogs are slender built, active, capable of great speeds and supple. These dogs have a friendly temperament and can be good guard dogs without being overly aggressive. They are independent by nature, but respond well to training. They usually make good pets and are safe to have around the house. They are also easy to maintain because their coats need almost no special care. Over hundreds of years, these dogs have developed strong immune systems which help them to resist internal and external parasites. They are naturally aligned to being around humans from their long history of thriving around ancient tribal settlements. The earliest known presence of this group has been traced to Egypt in around 4700 BC. They then spread rapidly along the Nile into Sudan and elsewhere. Human migrations and trade took these dogs deep into the Sahara desert. The concept of domestic dogs first arrived in South Africa with the Bantu people in the early Iron Age. Since then, the gene pool of the Africanis has been enriched by a wide variety of hounds. Purer breeds of Africanis are still found in tribal areas which have been
5|P a ge

relatively untouched by the modern world. A steep decline in the popularity of these dogs as pets has endangered their future to some extent. For this reason, the Kennel Union of Southern Africa has recognized these dogs as an emerging breed. The purpose of this organization is to preserve the natural features of these dogs, rather than develop new breeds. These dogs have been valued by traditional African tribes for their intelligence, loyalty, hardiness and hunting skills. What makes these dogs unique is the fact that they were shaped by natural causes, rather than human breeding efforts. In present times, it has become increasingly clear that these dogs are indigenous to the African continent and not merely mongrels of Western types. For a thousand years before any Western influence entered Africa, these dogs were accompanying tribal African hunters and were very common in Southern Africa. Foreign influence on this breed happened only in the 19th century. The Greyhound was a particularly popular choice for cross breeding. In Zulu language, such crosses are known as Ibhanzi.

6|P a ge

AIDI

he Aidi, also known as Chien de lAtlas is a Moroccan dog breed typically used to guard herds of sheep and goats. This dog is also known for its hunting skills and

has good scenting ability. They are used together in hunting with the Sloughi breed of dogs. The Sloughi will typically chase down prey that the Aidi has located by scent. These dogs are historically found in the mountains of North Africa where their primary use was to guard property and livestock from predators like jackals, wolves, foxes and snakes. Their keen sense of smell made them useful additions to nomadic caravans in the Sahara desert, where these dogs would be help to track prey. Aidis can be about 21-25 inches (53-63 cm) tall and weigh about 55 pounds (25 kg). Their muscular, lean bodies are covered by a think, coarse, weather-proof coat and their tails are heavily plumed. The head looks somewhat bear-like and in good proportion to the rest of the body. The muzzle is tapered and the nose is black or brown. They have strong jaws. Their lips are tightly drawn and are black or brown in color. They have medium sized ears which drop slightly and are tipped forward. Their eyes are medium as well and are of dark color with dark rims. Coat colors range from white, black, pale red, tawny, and black and white. Temperamentally, these dogs are very energetic. They can also be very protective and this trait makes them excellent guard dogs and watch dogs. These dogs are powerful, agile and always ready to spring to action. They are most receptive to training that is consistent and firm but not harsh. The history of the Aidi can be traced back to Morocco and they probably originated in the Sahara desert. Despite their prevalent use to guard sheep, these dogs have never really worked as sheepdogs. They have been, however, popularly known as the Atlas Sheepdog until this categorization was corrected in 1969. These dogs are also

7|P a ge

known as Berbers, named after the Berber tribes who used them widely. They bear some resemblance to the Pariah dogs, who have probably contributed to the creation of this breed. As part of nomadic desert tribes, these dogs would frequently be aggressive and guard the perimeters of tribal camps at night. Aidis can also make good pets around the house, provided that they have enough exercise to keep them occupied and happy. These dogs are affectionate pets and can be somewhat aloof towards strangers. They are usually not aggressive. One of the most remarkable qualities of these dogs is their ability to jump from one loose rock to another in a desert environment and their speed in racing over loose ground. They are usually protective of children in their family. Being developed naturally among harsh conditions in the Sahara desert and surrounding mountains, these dogs have very strong immunities and do not suffer from any known specific health issues.

8|P a ge

AINU DOG
COUNTRY: Japan HEIGHT: 18 1/2-21/2 inches COAT: Moderately short, thick, stand-off, with undercoat COLOR: Sesame, brindle, wolf gray, red, brown or white OTHER NAMES: Hokkaido Dog, Ainu-Ken REGISTRY: FCI GROUP: Northern

he Ainu Dog, also known like the Rokkaido, Kyushu or Perro Ochi, comes dc the mountainous region, in the Japanese island of Hokkaido and could there be taken by the Ainus when they emigrated thousands ago of years. It has

changed little from his arrival, and with his small and heavy body, one says that it is looked more like the Scandinavian varieties of Spitz that to other Japanese Spitzs races, like the Akita. Of so large half and hard physical, the Ainu is a dog guardian and hunter who behaves well in house. In spite of its long history like work race, the Ainu ideally combines its animal paper of company with the one of hunter. Intelligent and with desire of being trained, he is ferociously faithful and affectionate towards a considered master.

9|P a ge

AIREDALE

his dog was selected in the middle of the XIX century in the Aire valley, in England, crossing the red and black

terrier with otter hounds, to get a good otter as well as small rodent hunting dog. At first it was known as the waterside terrier for its adaptation to water and its skill in duck hunting; more recently, it has been used as a guard, defense and rescue dog. It became very popular in the army during World War II since its an excellent sentinel. PHYSICAL TRAITS of the AIREDALE:

The Airdale is the largest of terriers, although it doesnt usually weigh over 23 kg or stand above 60 cm to the cross. The females are a little shorter and lighter. It has very hard fur, fuller around the muzzle. It has a reddish color in different intensities and black grayish spots that extend homogeneously around most of the torso. The muzzle is black, with small, rounded and lively eyes, and the neck is robust, without a double chin. The Airedale is a good companion because it is playful, patient and very protective. TEMPERAMENT AND ADAPTATION of the AIREDALE:

It is a quick and astute, rough and very agile. It likes to play with children and demonstrates great patience toward them. Its adaptation to any type of home is good. It has been used for every kind of work: ground or air hunter, good collector in land as well as in water, efficient shepherd, fighting dog and skilled mice hunter. It can be considered a good pet ideal for living with adults, since it doesnt admit children abuse well. EXERCISE AND CARE required for an AIREDALE:

Its hard fur needs daily brushings. But in order to achieve the appropriate look in needs to be put in the hands of professionals quite regularly. The Airedale terrier rarely gets
10 | P a g e

sick, for which it doesnt need special care besides regular dental vigilance. If it lives in a city apartment, it is convenient that it goes out running frequently, with this breeds characteristic trot. Despite its kindness towards people, it is not a good partner to other household animals.

11 | P a g e

AKBASH DOG
COUNTRY: Turkey WEIGHT: 80-140 pounds HEIGHT: 28-34 inches COAT: Smooth or long, COLOR: Solid white, black pigment of eye rims, nose and lips preferred, but dark brown

acceptable. GROUP: Flock Guard

A
the

lso called the Coban Kopegi and the Akbas, the Dog of Akbash is an elegant, rare race of Western Turkey. It was developed 3000 years ago, by Turkish shepherds who generated selectively them for the ovejeros dogs keeping the

colored white colors, perhaps to differentiate them from the predatory ones. The Akbash, of western Turkey, is a probable relative of the other great guardian of the white herd of Europe like the Komondor, Kuvasz. The name that Akbash comes from Turkish word akbas that means white head.

This dog of solid white guard is provided with the perspicacious ear. The Akbash has a massive head and the powerful jaws. The ears are fixed and high with the ends slightly cleared, and they take pendant. The imported Turkish dogs can have harvested the ears. The eyes are well fixed and differently oblique. The color of the eye varies of the chestnut tree golden light to the very dark chestnut tree. The neck is strong and muscular. It has the strong, great toes, been nauseated well. The nails are dulled and of brown or white color. The tail is long. The Dog of Akbash is a race of dog of primitive guard. These dogs are a combination of: the submissive position to the cattle, and aggression of the domination to be standing up against the bears and wolves. They require of owners dedicated to the constant training.

12 | P a g e

AKITA - INU

t is a Japanese hunting dog, from the area that names it, Akita, in the North of the Honshu Island. This breed

established from the XVII century parting, apparently, from the chow chow and the Japanese Kari, but there are those that defend its much older. In the past, the Akita could only belong to nobility and special vocabulary was used to refer to it. It is now considered a national pride, with a strong spiritual significance, for which Akita figurines are offered upon a childs birth, to wish happiness and when visiting a sick person as a message of health.

It is a large dog, with a compact body, and a height between 63 and 71 cm in males and 2 or 3 cm less in females. The head is proportioned, the medium sized muzzle is strong, the eyes are small and almost triangular, it is very dark brown, and the fleshy and erect ears are inverted V shaped. The fur, semi long, is rough and separates a little from the body, with a dense and soft undercoat. In this breed almost every color is accepted, from white to black, it may be homogeneous or mixed and with a different color in the external coat and inner fur. The absence of pigmentation in the nose is considered a fault.

It is very confident so it is very serene, not nervous at all; it is always alert when guarding the home and the family, even though it cannot be catalogued as a defense dog. This behavior, along with its traditional loyalty, makes it a great guide dog. Precisely this quality led it to the United Sates to guide writer Helen Keller. There are no

13 | P a g e

problems when it comes to its adaptation. Its teeth and gums need to be looked after in any environment, although a very warm weather is not the most recommended. Towards the end of the 1940 decade, the genetic traits of foreign breeds were eliminated and, with the scarce specimens left after World War II, the pure Akita lineage was stabilized, which are currently kept. Illustrated people close to the Japanese emperor defended the Akita-inu retrieval in the early XX century.

The care that needs to be given fur does not go further than soft brushing, which should be daily during seasonal changes. A biweekly bath should be enough to complete its hygiene. The teeth and gums should be looked after and of course, being it a hunting dog it is essential that it gets a lot of exercise.

14 | P a g e

ALANGU MASTIFF

he Alangu Mastiff is a relatively rare breed of dog from the Tiruchi and Thanjavur districts of South India. These dogs are tall and have

short coat. There is something noble and grand about the way they carry themselves. They may be fawn, red or brindle in color with varied markings on their coat. They have black muzzles and folds of loose skin hang around their mouth and neck. These dogs have muscular limbs and deep briskets. Their back is long and the tail tapers to a point. They have pricked ears set quite high on the skull. These dogs walk in graceful, long strides. They can be about 29-30 inches high. These dogs have flat double coats. The outer coat is short, thick, straight and coarse. The undercoat is obviously closer to the body and is dense and short. These dogs have broad, thick set skulls. Their wide eyes usually have an alert expression that bears testimony to their intelligence. These dogs make good guard dogs and are usually protective of their family. They can also be aggressive when made to feel threatened or cornered. These dogs need a lot of space for work and play because of their massive size and also because they need to stay active in order to be happy and non-destructive. Due to its dog fighting past, these dogs have gained a reputation for being blood thirsty. With proper training, however, they can develop into good pets that are loving even towards young children in the family. These dogs were first used by the Persian army and later introduced by Xerxes the First into Greece. This happened around 486 BC. These dogs are said to have originated in and around the deserts of Kutch, Rajasthan and in areas of Punjab (especially Bhawalpur). Since parts of the Kutch were also part of the Sindh district,

15 | P a g e

these dogs are also known as Sindh Mastiffs. Alangu Mastiffs are one of the three breeds of mastiffs found in areas around India and Persia. These dogs were used to hunt big game, typically by royal families and were quite popular. However, their popularity declined when royal families began using cheetahs for hunting instead. This led to these dogs being increasingly used as guard dogs or as fighting dogs. Over time, these dogs were all but forgotten and became a rare breed. Their usage as guard dogs or in fights also led to their height decreasing from about 34 inches to 30 inches in the present day. These dogs are renowned for their fighting and guarding skills and might not make ideal pets. They are definitely not recommended for first time dog owners. Only owners who have prior experience training large dogs should consider them as pets. These dogs, however, will always alarm family members about the presence of guests and will not let intruders enter the house. In that sense, it could make a good pet, but it will still need a good deal of patient, yet firm handling.

16 | P a g e

Alano Espanol

s the name suggests, the Alano Espanol is Spanish by origin and is also known as the Spanish Bulldog. These dogs are very large,

belonging to the molosser type of dogs. This means that these dogs belong to the group of dogs that originated from ancient Greece, from a shepherd dog breed called Molossus. These dogs have large, strong heads. Males should not be smaller than 24 inches and should weigh about 3845 kg. Females are usually somewhat smaller in size and lighter. These dogs have short, thick coats and are commonly found in brindles of blue, gray, red or bayo. White patches are found sometimes but are not common. Their faces may or may not have a black mask. These dogs have short muzzles and a slightly concave lower jaw. The nose is very large, broad and usually black in color. Their ears are high set and may either be cut short or may even drop. The skin is typically very thick and folds and wrinkles are commonly found on the face and in the neck and shoulder areas. The breed takes it name from the Alani tribes. These people were pastoral nomads who kept large flocks of livestock and hence had to depend on guard dogs to protect them. The earliest reference to these dogs dates as far back as the 14th century. These dogs are also known to have journeyed with the Spanish explorers and were often used to subjugate native people and enslave them. A very similar type of dog can be found on the coat of arms of the Canary Islands. These dogs were also used in popular sports such a bull-baiting and of course, hunting big game. As the nature of the work given to these dogs began to change, so did the breed itself. In fact, by 1963, these dogs were supposed to have become extinct. They were rediscovered in northern Spain by a group of veterinary students and dogs enthusiasts in 1970s. They found that these dogs were still being used to herd cattle and also to
17 | P a g e

hunt. In 2004, the Spanish Kennel Club recognized these dogs as a separate breed. The Alano Espanol is now generally recognized as an indigenous breed by the Spanish Agriculture Ministry. These dogs are prone to health concerns that arise from inbreeding. This is because the breed was restored using a small number of dogs. All dogs of this breed should be checked for hip dysplasia. These dogs are used to working and adjusting well with other animals, given their past as hunting dogs that had to work in packs. They are somewhat serious by temperament but can easily be controlled by their owners. They are affectionate with their family and are extremely good with children. They can be wary of strangers and have been known to attack with little warning. These dogs have a very high threshold for pain and will usually not stop until they have completed the task at hand, despite injuries.

18 | P a g e

Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog

he Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog, also known as Otto, is a rare breed of dogs that originated in the Alapaha River region in the southern part of

Georgia, USA. These dogs have all the characteristics normally developed, associated muscular with and bulldogs. sturdy. They Their are sizes well vary

considerably. Males can be between 75-95 pounds and about 22-26 inches in height. Females are usually about 60-70 pounds. The ears and tail of these dogs are usually left to grow naturally, without docking or cropping. These dogs are found in various colors. Some common colors are black, red-white, brown, brindle and mahogany. Their prominent eyes are set well apart. They have short and stiff coats. Preferred colors for their eyes are blue or brown and blue. They have muscular hips which are narrower than their chests. The back is straight and long. These dogs are high at their shoulders. Their feet are somewhat cat-like and it is recommended that their dew claws not be removed. These dogs are easy to train and are dutiful pets. They have excellent guarding qualities. They can be extremely protective and very loving towards their family. These dogs are well known for their leadership qualities. They will often consider the family to be their pack and will frequently assume leadership of it. However, every owner must realize that they will need to assert their leadership over the dog to keep the animal under control. These dogs have also been known to fight till death to protect their owner or their family. They make great companion dogs and are very efficient with children. These dogs are also athletic and active. These dogs are able to thrive in apartments provided they get ample exercise. They grow best if they have access to a medium sized yard. Keeping them indoors all the time will prove detrimental to their mental and physical health. They need regular exercise, preferably daily long walks.
19 | P a g e

These dogs enjoy walking about in a safe enclosed area. Their average life span is about 12-15 years, which is pretty standard for dogs of similar size. These dogs need very little grooming. They only need to be combed occasionally and brushed to remove loose hair and prevent excessive shedding. They can be bathed once every two weeks or so. These dogs are considered a rare breed but in recent years their population has seen an increase. At present, there are about 120-150 of these dogs all over the world. This breed was created as a result of three generations of breeding programs started in the 1800s, in Georgia. The main intention was to rescue the plantation dog of South Georgia that was about to become extinct. The creator of the breed was Papa Buck Lane of Rebecca, Georgia. His granddaughter, Lana Lou Lane later narrated how her grandfather would always have Otto (the original ABBB) always about him, on the farm and everywhere on the estate. Lana Lou would later continue the breeding work that her grandfather started.

20 | P a g e

ALASKAN HUSKY

he Husky is more of a category than a breed. Their categorization is not based on ancestry or common characteristics

found in all Huskies, but rather on their wide usage as sled dogs. However, experienced dog drivers are usually able to distinguish between Alaskan Huskies and other hound cross breeds. Some specializations exist within the breed as well, especially between freight dogs, sprint Huskies and distance Huskies. Pointy ears are commonly found in Huskies, making them closer to spitz-type dogs. These dogs were developed by mixing various northern dog breeds. The most notable contributor was the Siberian Husky. Alaskan Huskies became really popular during the gold rush period of the 19th century. Prior to the existence of the Husky, heavier Saint Bernard type dogs were used by miners. The arrival of the Husky from Siberias Bering Strait in around 1908 changed the preferred type of sled dogs to smaller and lighter breeds which could reach greater speeds. Huskies are the dog of choice for sled races all over the world. No other breed of dog can match the Husky as far as racing speed is concerned. Huskies often reach speeds of up to 31 km/hour and can race for 2-3 days, covering 32-48 km a day. These qualities make Huskies extremely popular in racing markets everywhere and they can worth up to $15,000. These dogs are usually medium sized, weighing about 46-50 pounds for males and 38-42 pounds in females. Some of these dogs look very like the Siberian Husky, which undoubtedly shares ancestry with the Alaskan breed but is usually taller and more slender in appearance. Because these dogs are primarily used for racing, their color and characteristics do not really matter to drivers. They come in all varieties of colors and coats. They often have light blue eyes, but can also have other colors. Coats are usually of medium length and not as thick as some other pure breeds. This helps
21 | P a g e

them to dissipate heat rapidly while racing at high speeds. However, due to the harsh conditions in which these dogs usually race, they require additional protection (such as dog booties) to protect them from injury. They also need considerable care and tending at resting stops during races. These dogs also need to be protected from large animals like moose, which have known to kill them. Huskies will usually not back down when faced with a moose and this makes them vulnerable to injury or even death. However, sometimes these dogs are also used by moose as protection against wolves and other predators. This, however, makes the dogs vulnerable to attacks from the wolves themselves. Some of the common health concerns in Huskies are hypothyroidism and PRA. Some dogs may suffer from problems of the esophagus and are referred to as wheezers. Dogs suffering from this disorder may not be able to bark and will only be able to produce something like a low pitched howl. This defect is genetic. The average Alaskan Husky will usually live for 10-15 years.

22 | P a g e

ALASKAN KLEE KAI

laskan Klee Kais are spitz type northern dogs. They derive their name from the Athabaskan word for small dog. These

dogs are essentially the companion version of the Alaskan Husky. They are intelligent, energetic dogs that have no problems fitting into an apartment. Their appearance clearly depicts their northern origins. These dogs look like small sized Huskies. Their breed standards are based on Siberian Huskies but there are some marked differences. These dogs weigh between 10-40 pounds and have more than one size and color variety. These dogs are not ideal pets for everyone because they tend to shed a lot, and also often bark without reason. They can also be hyperactive and therefore, difficult to manage. With adequate exercise and proper training, they can calm down and be made to follow commands. This can make them wonderful companions in homes where they are properly handled. These dogs can be aloof towards strangers but they are generally friendly. These dogs make good pets for owners who are ready to assert their dominance over the animal. These dogs can easily live in apartments but access to a small yard is recommended. Being intelligent, curious and generally good natured, these dogs quickly become inseparable from their owners and families. They, however, have a tendency to chase and kill furry or feathered animals and should not be left unsupervised around other pets like cats, rabbits, hamsters and birds. These dogs are also good as pets because they are clean by nature and will often spend hours cleaning and grooming themselves. These dogs dislike wet feet and will never walk into the house with muddy paws that leave imprints everywhere. Their coats do not give off odors, nor do they have bad breath problems. These dogs almost never need to be bathed.
23 | P a g e

They, however, shed their coat twice yearly. The small size of the dog limits the amount of fur to some extent. It is recommended that these dogs be groomed regularly, especially during shedding times. Some of the long haired varieties of this breed can develop matted hair if proper grooming is not provided. Klee Kais will typically make the shedding process easier and faster by rubbing themselves against fences and other objects. Compared to other breeds, Klee Kais suffer from very few genetic health disorders. However, they are not immune to all diseases and problems. Some common health problems include cataracts, liver problems, cardiac problems and some thyroid disorders. Klee Kais originated in Wasilla in Alaska in the 1970s, when a small dog of unknown breed was cross bred with a Siberian Husky. Some other contributors to this breed were Alaskan Huskies, American Eskimo Dogs and Schipperkes. This ancestry allowed the Klee Kais to be compact in size, without the risks of dwarfism. These dogs were bred privately in the beginning and were released to the public only in 1988. The American Rare Breeds Association recognized the breed in 1995 and the United Kennel Club in 1997.

24 | P a g e

ALAUNT

he Alaunt is believed to be the origin of many species of dogs found in present times. The original Alaunt is

thought to have been a Caucasian sheep dog. These dogs were large in size and had short coats. They were bred by a tribe called the Alani, of Indo-European descent. This tribe was well known for their war-like nature and for their efficiency in breeding horses and dogs. They developed the Alaunt breed and created separate strains of the same breed for different purposes. The original Alaunt was a sheep dog belonging to pastoral nomads. These dogs also fought in battles alongside their masters on the grassy plains west and north of the Caucasus. Of the ancient Alaunts, only three varieties exist today, namely the Spanish Alano of northern Spain, the White English Bulldog of south-eastern United States and the White Kazbegi sheep dog. These dogs are not seen in show rings or even in domestic setups in present times. Most Alaunts are found in remote corners of the countries where it is still found, working as sheep dogs and guarding livestock. France and Spain are two countries that have made extensive use of Alaunts in their history. In France, these dogs were split into three broad categories. This categorization was based on the appearance and work assigned to these dogs. The Alaunt Gentil was a lighter dog, resembling a greyhound, and was primarily was used in hunting. The Alaunt de Boucherie was more of a baiting and fighting dog. The third category was generally called Alaunt Veantre and was also used as a hunting dog. In Spains, Alaunts were first bred around the 1500s. These dogs were of extremely high quality and were extensively used by Spanish explorers in their conquest

25 | P a g e

of the New World. Some Alaunts are still found working as guard dogs for livestock in some parts of Spain. The Alaunt typically has a broad and flat head. These dogs should not be confused with the Greek Molossoides as far as the shape of the head is concerned. Molossides usually include different breeds including the Mastiff, Pugs or Mountain Dogs. In this sense, the Alaunt can be said to look like Caucasian humans because they have long broad heads and square jaws. Recent breeding efforts based on the Alaunt bloodline have yielded varied results. Some such breeds include the New Alaunt, the Abraxas Bulldog, the American Alaunt, Dogo Belgrado and the Antebellum Bulldog. Many experts believe that the Alaunt is the ancestor of all breeds of bulldogs, even though the Alaunts originally came from a breed of mountain dogs in the East. From what is known, the Alaunts ancestors also include Sarmatian Mastiffs found in the Caucasus, the Alabai found in Central Asia and European or Persian hounds. It is also thought that the dogs which accompanied the nomadic tribes from the Asian steppes have contributed to the ancestry of the Alaunt. These nomads were the ones to introduce horse-drawn chariots and also the Mastiff or Alaunt breeds into battles.

26 | P a g e

ALOPEKIS

he Alopekis is a well known breed that belongs to the category of working dogs. These dogs are very

easy to maintain as they have no known genetic disorders. Although these dogs are not recognized by the American Kennel Club, they are popular as pets because they can live anywhere, from a small apartment to a farm house. These dogs thrive in urban and rural surroundings. These dogs are often fox-like in their behavior and appearance. Their coats are usually relatively short and very smooth. The ears are usually pricked but can also drop. They have broad, strong muzzles and strong jaws. The nose is broad and nostrils are well flared. The body of this dog is longer than its height, giving it a foxy look. The eyes should both be of the same color and should not be transparent or watery. A dog with yellow eyes will be disqualified from shows. These dogs thrive equally well in cities and rural areas. They make faithful and devoted companions and are of pleasant temperament. These dogs are very easy to train but they can be too playful, requiring some disciplining from the owner. However, they are also eager to please their owner and will usually listen to commands. They dogs make good guard dogs, herding dogs and can also prove useful, loving pets. They will protect people and other animals that form a part of the household. They are good at seeking out and killing rodents, which is one reason why theyre popular around farmhouses. These dogs do best in families where the owner does not hesitate to assert their dominance over the animal. It isnt surprising that the Greek meaning of the name Alopekis is many things in a small package. These dogs can be 8-12 inches (20-30 cm) in height and weigh about 6.5-15.5 pounds (3-7 kg). They have no known genetic problems. These dogs should ideally be
27 | P a g e

taken on long daily walks. This allows them to bond with their owner and also allows them to exhaust their excess energy. With proper training and care, these dogs can live for 14-16 years. The ancestry of the Alopekis is assigned to primitive Greek dogs from the protoHellenic area of the Pelasgoi people. Some findings related to these dogs date as far back as the Paleolithic settlements in Thessaly. Ancient Greece knew these dogs as alopecis which means small and fox like. Evidence of these dogs has also been found on ancient Greek monuments and sculptures. Recently, these dogs have been found among stray dog populations in Greece. This has led to more careful breeding of these dogs. In ancient Greece, a hairless variety of Alopekis was found, that was sometimes confused with the Turkish Naked Dog. These dogs have now become extinct due to two main reasons. First, ancient Greece was much warmer than what it is today. As the climate cooled, the hairless dogs gradually died out. Second, ancient Greeks also considered these dogs ugly and did not intervene to save them.

28 | P a g e

ALPINE DACHSBRACKE

he Alpine Dachsbracke belongs to the category of scent hounds and originated in Austria. These dogs are small in size. This breed was

developed to track wounded game, such as boar, fox and hare. These dogs can easily follow the scent trail of game even after it goes cold. As the name suggests, these dogs resemble Dachschunds and have short, stout legs that are longer than the Dachschunds. They have short, smooth and dense coats. Only on the tail and the neck the hair is somewhat coarser. They have well rounded eyes which have an intelligent, lively expression. The accepted colors for these dogs are brown or a black and tan combination. The most popular color, however, is a rusty red which may or may not have black patches. These dogs are generally known to weigh about 15-18 kg (33-40 pounds) and can grow up to 34-42 cm (13-16 inches). These dogs are primarily hunting dogs and not often kept solely as family pets. They are excellent trackers and they are efficient workers even in harsh and high terrains. These dogs are extremely intelligent, courageous and friendly towards their owners. Most of these dogs have been known to be affectionate towards children and towards other pets in the family. However, they may need some training and supervision before they can be safely left alone with other animals. This is because of their strong hunting instincts which relates to their origins as tracking dogs. These dogs have a strong and muscular body structure. Their chests are deep and broad and fore chests are pronounced. The belly is moderately tucked up. These dogs have straight, bridge noses with definite stops and lightly arched skulls. The nose is typically black in color and lips are close fitting with black pigmentation. The front legs of these dogs are straight and very strong. Hind legs are very muscular, well angulated and incredibly strong.

29 | P a g e

These dogs are able to adapt well to apartment living because they are fairly active indoors and do not need a lot of space for their regular exercise. They do not need access to a yard. However, like all breeds, these dogs should not be confined to very small spaces and should ideally be taken on regular walks or given other forms of light, daily exercise. They are also easy to look after because their coats do not require much maintenance. Brushing with a firm bristle brush and occasional baths with a mild soap will suffice. Their drooping ears should regularly be checked for infections and be kept free of excess oil, wax and bacterial growth. The Crown Prince Rudolf of Habsburg was one of the famous patrons of Alpine Dachsbrackes. In the 1800s, these dogs were a regular feature of the Princes hunting trips. In 1932, this breed was recognized by the top canine organizations in Austria as a pure breed scent hound breed. In 1975, the FCI declared Austria as the country of origin of this breed.

30 | P a g e

ALSATIAN SHEPALUTE

he Alsatian Shepalute is a large breed companion dog. This breed has medium length coats and is found in colors like

gold, silver or black sable and cream. The most popular color is silver sable. White or black sable markings are not commonly found. They have light brown to yellow eyes that are almond shaped. Their eyes are said to have a wolfish expression or stare. They have erect ears and the tails, usually tipped with black, hang down, touching the pasterns. The head is broad and so is the hip. The muzzle is strong and dark. They have splayed toes. The bones of the legs are large and round in shape. They have deep chests and the body is longer than it is tall. Alsatian Shepalutes make great companion dogs for families. They are extremely loyal to their family members and are able to accept children and other pets with ease. They may seem aloof to strangers but they are never fearful towards guests and never aggressive. These dogs also make excellent watch dogs because they learn very quickly and can respond to the softest, most insignificant of sounds. Given proper exercise, these dogs are calm and not destructive at all even if they are left alone for long periods of time. They usually do not initiate play unless they are encouraged by family members or children. These dogs have a low activity level and even lower prey instincts. They do not whine, bark excessively or dig up the garden. They respond well to positive training. Gunshots and thunderstorms do not scare them. These dogs genuinely enjoy being in and around their home and family. However, the owners should take care to assert their dominance over the animal as the leader of the pack. These dogs are built solidly. Adult males can weigh about 79-120 pounds and grow up to a height of about 25-28 inches. Females are typically smaller in size and weigh from 75-100 pounds and grow to about 24-27 inches. Alsatian Shepalutes body
31 | P a g e

structure is more long than tall. Their average life span is about 12-14 years. These dogs do not suffer from eye or ear problems. They also do not seem to be vulnerable to hip dysplasia or limb diseases like panosteitis. However, in 2009 one puppy was reported to have suffered from epileptic seizures immediately after it was administered a dose of rabies vaccine. Also, in 2003, two dogs were reported to have been suffering from arthritis. The origin of the Alsatian Shepalute has been attributed to Lois Denny from California in 1987. Lois thought of developing this breed because many of her clients were not being able to continue with their pets because of the problems associated with working dogs. She felt the need for a family dog that did not need a lot of exercise and could thrive in small or medium places. These dogs were recognized by the North American Shepalute Club in 1988 alongside Alaskan Malamutes and German Shepherd Dogs.

32 | P a g e

AMERICAN AKITA

he American Akita is often known only as the Akita. These dogs come from the

mountainous regions of Japan. These dogs

are a distinct breed, much different from the Akita Inu. However, in the United States and Canada, these dogs are clubbed under the same breed. These dogs can be massive, but have balanced bodies. The skin should not be wrinkled at all when the dog is at ease. The skull is flat between the ears and broad. The jaws are powerful with very little dewlap. The head forms a blunt triangle when seen from above. The ears of these dogs are characteristic to the breed. They are strongly erect and much smaller than the rest of the head. The tip of the ear, when measured, should touch the upper eye rim. The ears are also triangular in shape, slightly rounded at the tip, wide at the base and set wide on the head without being too low. The neck is thick and muscular, comparatively short, widening gradually towards the shoulders. The body is longer than it is high. The chest is wide and deep. The ribs are well sprung and the brisket is well developed. Being a northern breed of dog, the American Akitas appearance is adapted to cold weather. These dogs have thick double layered coats. Their feet are strongly knuckled and somewhat like cats feet. They carry their tails in a graceful upward curl above the hind part of their bodies. Adult males typically grow up to 26-28 inches and weight up to 130 pounds. Adult females can be up to 26 inches in height and between 70-100 pounds in weight. The American Akita began to be separated from its Japanese counterpart during the mid and later 20th century. Unlike the Japanese breeders, who wanted to resurrect the Akita as a symbol of Japanese culture and tradition, the American breeders preferred a heavier, big boned dog. Some of the differences between the two varieties are that the American Akita is acceptable in any color whereas the Japanese Akita has
33 | P a g e

to be fawn, brindle, red, white or sesame. American Akitas are also allowed to have black masks on their muzzles, whereas the same feature can disqualify a Japanese Akita from shows. By temperament, American Akitas demonstrate qualities like courage, affection and dignity. They are also exceptionally alert and are useful in informing family members about the presence of guests and/or intruders. Akitas are known for their catlike grooming habits and they are also very clean around the house. It is not uncommon at all for an Akita to clean itself after eating. However, due to their large size, these dogs can sometimes be challenging to train and may not always listen to its owners commands. The best way to train an Akita is to give it lots of positive reinforcement during training but not letting it become the boss. Since the United States does not distinguish between Japanese and American Akitas, free breeding between the two types is widely accepted.

34 | P a g e

American Black and Tan Coonhound COUNTRY; USA HEIGHT: 23-27 inches COAT: Short and dense COLOR: Black with tan points OTHER NAMES: Black and Tan Coonhound REGISTRY: ARC, UKC, CKC GROUP: Hound

A
men

pproximated size of adults. The approximated size of adults (two years or more) of the men Black

and So Coonhound is 25 to 27 inches to the cross (higher point of the shoulder) and the females go from 23 to 25 inches to the cross. They weigh of 50 to 75 pounds with the are heavier.

The Black and So Coonhound is a friendly dog that was bred in the United States to the trees scent to hunt raccoons and other animal. They prefer to remain outdoors, and can tolerate the heat and the cold. They need much exercise and is better than she has them in a farm or to have much properly fence in the zone so that she executes inches They are good dogs of guard and, generally, to work well with other dogs. They from time to time must be cepillado but that needs ordinary maintenance ear. They have low capacity of formation so that generally they are not trained for other tasks besides the hunting. They are good with children majors, but he cannot tolerate that youngest. Simply a reminder, never to leave to the children of any age without supervision with a puppy of dog or any period of time. It salutes to all the way of return to bloodhounds extinguished in century XI, more Bloodhound, the American Foxhound and the English Foxhound. Mountain town of the United States of Virginia, The Great Smoky Mountains and the developed Ozarks the
35 | P a g e

race to the trees and to hunt raccoons generally game. The American Kennel Club registered for the first time in 1945.

36 | P a g e

AMERICAN BLUE GASCON HOUND

COUNTRY: USA WEIGHT: 75-105 pounds HEIGHT: 25-30 inches COAT: Short, thick and dense COLOR: Basically white body with tan points OTHER NAMES: Big 'n Blue GROUP: Hound

T
location (South

he American Blue Gascon Hound is used for the hunting to the shot, and sometimes for the hunting to force to the race, of the greater hunting, but also of the hare, generally in pack or individually as to limier (dog of tralla for the of the signs of l to greater hunting before the hunting game.

The American Blue Gascon Hound is very old; contemporary of the Dog of San Huberto, composed, in century 14, the packs of Gaston FEBUS. Count of Foix, used that them to hunt the wolf, the bear or the wild boar. Very used in the Mid and Southwest of France, particularly in the Gascony of where he obtains his name, he is in the origin of all the races of called dogs of sign of the Midi region of France).

Dog as an older person race, especially of French type as far as the head, the mantle and the expression. Imposing, giving an impression of calm force and great nobility.

Behavior: Very fine of sense of smell; equipped with a voice of howling in serious tones. Very applied in its form to hunt. It is fused very instinctively in the pack. Character: Calmed, it is put under the orders easily.

37 | P a g e

AMERICAN BULLDOG
COUNTRY: USA WEIGHT; 65-105 pounds HEIGHT: 19-25 inches COAT: Short, smooth COLOR: Red brindle, all other brindles; solid white, red, fawn or fallow; piebald OTHER NAMES: Old Country Bulldog, Old English White GROUP: Mastiff

T
wild

here are some criadores that think that this race is recent and that comes from crossings between Bulldog, Bullmastiff and Pit Bull Terrier, but its extraordinary similarity with the old Bulldog, the father of all the Bulldog, makes think that this

is the contemporary continuation of that one old race that cleared the extinction. The American Bulldog was originated like a working dog (mainly for cattle) and dog of protection, to the south-east of North America. And it was taken very in serious his work, became athletic and strong, where the men of those earth needed to hunt to the pigs.

The Bull American Dog is a very muscular race with a very powerful head. They are powerful, at the same time agile and good to jump. Some get to jump more than 1.8 meters in angers. The head is square and widens. The body is generally white with variations of spots of colors coffee, red or gray. The males are characteristic by their firm appearance, whereas the females more are refined. The American Bulldog must generate an impression of great force, agility, resistance and exhibit a robust and compact frame. Normally one appears in white color completely or with some spots of color that extend on one of the eyes, the ears or the tail.

38 | P a g e

The Bull American Dog brave and is determined, but it is not a hostile dog. It always alerts and very trusting, this race loves the children. It is recognized by his acts of heroism towards his owner. These dogs have fought with wild dogs, bulls and even the fire. Due to its instincts to protect, this race must well be trained to early age. Some can be aggressive with other distrustful dogs and with strange people. They need to be near people, to be completely happy.

39 | P a g e

AMERICAN COCKER SPANIEL

COUNTRY: USA WEIGHT: 24-28 pounds HEIGHT: 15 inches maximum COAT: Long and silky, very abundant, especially the feathering COLOR: Solid black (including black/tan); any solid color other than black (called ASCOB) such as chocolate, red, buff, sable OTHER NAMES: Cocker Spaniel REGISTRY: FCI, AKC, UKC, TKC, CKC GROUP: Gun Dog

t descends, through a well-taken care of selection, of the Cocker English Spaniel. Description: It is an aesthetic dog of very pleasant, especially thanks to his gorgeous mantle covers that it entirely. The maximum raised one for the males is of 39.7 cm;

the one of the females, 36.8 cm; a stature would take it to superior to the disqualification in a exhibition. It has the cleared skull, wide and deep snout, lips superiors that cover the jaw inferior; strong set of teeth in scissors; truffle with developed nasal graves good, of black color in the black dogs and black fire; in the red ones, color chamois; in the dogs color liver, stained and ruanos, it can be black or brown; always at the most dark better it is. Intelligent and kind eyes, with variable tonalities of color, according to the mantle; very long ears, waved, cayentes; neck muscular, free of papada; tail of bearing in line with the back, in continuous movement. The hair of is released average, of silky texture. The color of the mantle can be black total, black and fire, chamois, cream, ruano, splashed of target. It cheers, candy, balance, without neurosis, intelligent, tolerant, inseparable friend of the children, obedient, respectful of the authority of the master.

40 | P a g e

Still owning the dowries of a dog of hunting of the Cocker, its assignment at present is the one of company dog, being very popular anywhere in the world, especially in America.

41 | P a g e

AMERICAN ESKIMO DOG

he American Eskimo Dog is a descendant of the original German Spitz. Pomeranian and other German spitzes are closely

related to the American Eskimo dog. The American Eskimo dog is a medium sized dog known to be a great family pet and companion. The built of the American Eskimo do is that of Nordic dogs who are well equipped to pull sledges on their back in the snow. Their length is usually greater than their height and they have a very compact body. They have a double coat fur, which stands a little off their body. This fur is extremely important for the American Eskimo dog to maintain its body temperature. The silky coat keeps the dog dry in wet weather and the thickness of the coat keeps it warm in cold weather. The coat of this dog should never be trimmed or shorn. The ears of the American Eskimo dog are short and thick and are also well insulated against the cold. The coat of
Figure 1 American Eskimo Miniature

the American Eskimo dog is usually white, and while this is not the only color among its relative, it is the most popular choice of color in the United States. There are three acceptable variations of the American Eskimo dog according to the Kennel Size: Size: Club in both 9 12 the and and and 19 US 12 15 and inches inches inches Canada. (23 (30 (38 and and and They 30 38 48 are: cm) cm) cm)

Standard Miniature Toy

between between 15

Size:

between

42 | P a g e

Dogs above 19 inches or below 9 inches are usually discouraged as an overly large or overly small American Eskimo dog may be fraught with health hazards. The American Eskimo dog comes from the Spitz family, which come from the Northern hemisphere, especially the Arctic region. The larger dogs in this family have been used to pull sledges for centuries. They were first bred as pets and family dogs in Northern Europe, especially Germany, from where all existing varieties of Spitz descend. The first of these dogs came to the United States along with European immigrants in the year 1990. While WW1 was underway, the German Spitz came to be referred as the American Spitz. Patriotic Americans felt it was wrong to call their dog German due to their clash with Germany in WW1. After the WW1, the American Spitz came into the spotlight at a variety of different circuses, where their performances were very popular. The end of WW2 brought the Japanese Spitz into the American foray. It is presumed that some interbreeding between the two breeds is likely to have occurred. The breed American Eskimo Dog was in circulation as early as 1919 and had received recognition from the American United Kennel Club. However, at that time, there were no fixed breed standards and no official clubs. Finally, after the efforts of the American Eskimo Dog Club of America, the breed was recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1985. This breed is only recognized in Canada, outside of the US.

43 | P a g e

AMERICAN FOXHOUND
COUNTRY: USA HEIGHT: 21-25 inches COAT: Close and hard, not too short COLOR: Any color REGISTRY: FCI, AKC, UKC, CKC GROUP: Hound

he origins of this race go back to a pack of Foxhound English that a certain Robret Brooke took to the United States in 1650 to be able to follow in America with its favorite passion, the

hunting of the fox (in this case the American gray fox). The following significant fact in history of these dogs took place in 1770, when the one that soon would be first president of the United States, George Washington, bought another pack of Foxhounds in England. Years later, in 1785, another illustrious name, General Lafayette, sent to its friend General Washington some excellent French dogs of hunting. From the different crossovers between these groups from dogs and their descendants it was born what today we know like American Foxhound. The American Kennel Club recognized the race in 1884. It is an agile and sport dog that is perfectly suitable for its training in the hunting of prey. He is very similar to his British cousin, unless it is thinner of faster type and. It has more feeling of the sense of smell that its cousin. Its coat is short, dense and fine. Most common it is tricolor, a white nose, as well as the neck, chest, belly and legs, the brown head and a long amarronado black patch in the back.

44 | P a g e

AMERICAN HAIRLESS TERRIER

boon to those who suffer from the American Hairless

allergies-

Terrier is one dog that absolutely

lacks in any hair or dander. Allergic reactions in some humans are triggered because of the remnants of hair or scales from dogs. This risk is averted in this Terriers case. Some people are allergic to even hypoallergenic dogs. But they have shown a tolerance to the hairless Terrier. Terrier pups are covered in thin pockets of fuzzy hair which completely denudes by the sixth week. This dog was long considered a direct descendent of the Rat terrier. However, it has been identified as a separate Terrier breed more recently. Like the Rat Terrier, its ears stand up erect when alerted. The hairless terrier has a pinkish skin tone with spots that are gray, black, golden or red. This terrier must not be confused with the hairless Chihuahua, which is an entirely different species. The American Hairless Terrier is a relatively intelligent and playful dog. It is also alert and very lively, making a great pet. These dogs are territorial and are unlikely to stray too far. The lack of fur clearly indicates a lack of sufficiently developed swimming skills. So, care must be taken to keep them away from water. Unlike few other breeds, this terrier does not require an expert trainer- they are rather easy to train. They grow to an average size of 18 to 40 cm and weigh anything between 2.5 and 7 kg. The Hairless Terrier does not pant to regulate temperature- they have sweat glands and can be seen breaking into a sweat when the temperature is hot. The lack of a furry coat also means the Terrier is not very well suited to cold conditions and if it is being bred as a pet, a sweater should be provided when the weather is cold. It can be raised in an apartment, unlike many other breeds. About half an hours exercise a day is recommended and this is the minimum requirement with almost any species of dog. One long walk should do it for the hairless Terrier. These
45 | P a g e

dogs are quite active indoors too. Other care includes bathing the dog about twice a week and preventing sunburn by avoiding direct, prolonged exposure to sunrays. Either a sunscreen may be used or a shirt should be worn by the dog. The lack of a furry coat exposes the Terrier to another unique risk- injury. Cuts and scratches are common from playful frolicking. To avoid infections, larger wounds are best tended to immediately with an antiseptic agent. Unlike other hairless breeds, the American Hairless Terrier do not exhibit breeding problems or an absence of premolars, thus they are quite robust. They do not even suffer from other skin complications that hairless breeds have. There are certain types of skin allergies though, and pimples are observed too at times. But these are temporary recurring problems and dont warrant any specific care unless they become major. The average lifespan of the terrier is between 14 and 16 years.

46 | P a g e

AMERICAN MASTIFF

D
dog.

eveloped by selectively cross-breeding two popular dog breeds- the English Mastiff and the Anatolian Mastiff dog, the American Mastiff was

produced to have the best traits of both the breeds. This breed has been around for about 20 years now. The dog itself has an amazingly large frame and is powerful. It has a large and broad head. Contrary to its intimidating visual appearance, the dog is generally calm, kind and not aggressive. It has amber colored eyes, and the quality of the dog is calibrated against darkness of this color. The dogs coat on the other hand may be of any of the three colors- fawn, brindle or apricot. This breed was developed to be a used as a pet by a family and does not make a great show

Pups are generally dark colored at birth and their color lightens as they age. By around the age of one year, the color attained can be taken to be the final coat complexion. Males can grow up to weigh as much as upto 200 pounds while females weigh anything between 140 and 180 pounds. On the other hand, the average height reached at adulthood is same for both males and females and lies between 28 and 36 inches. Training should be undertaken with relative care in the case of this dog- an ideal trainer must possess the qualities of a pack leader, which means that he must display good leadership qualities. The dog makes a great guard dog under circumstances that are perceived as hostile by it, otherwise its calm temperament is quite constant. Since the dog is so large, indoor life does not suit it very well- at least a small yard is recommended. Still, they do better indoors than other large dog breeds. They tend to get slightly lazy as they age in any case. Regular exercise keeps them emotionally stable and composed. This exercise, given in the form of a daily long walk is the best and safest idea as with almost any breed. The American Mastiff has an average lifespan of 10 to 12 years, slightly towards to lower end of the dog lifespan spectrum.

47 | P a g e

The breed is an ordinary shedder and is not recommended for people with allergies to fur. Its coat consists of smooth and short hair and this makes it easy to groom. An optimal frequency of bathing would be about once a week. Use a brush with a firm bristle to comb the coat dry. The dogs do not have a very active disposition and so maintenance is relatively easy. The coat requires only an occasional brush and cleaning can be undertaken with even lesser frequency. There are two recent varieties of American Mastiffs competing for recognitionone developed by Fredericka Wagner at the Flying W Farm and another one developed in the Panja Kennels. The main reason behind the selective breeding that resulted in this breed was a need to reduce an undesirable trait of the English Mastiff - excessive drooling; and the project was a success.

48 | P a g e

AMERICAN PIT BULL TERRIER, PIT BULLS

COUNTRY: USA HEIGHT: 18-22 inches WEIGHT: 50-80 pounds COAT: Short, smooth OTHER NAMES: Pit Bull, Pit Bull Terrier COLOR: All REGISTRY: UKC GROUP: Mastiff

ulldogs and Terriers were developed in the British islands. Both races increased their popularity at the beginning of century 16 when the greater hunting was an important form of entertainment.

Great and athletic Bulldogs was used to hunt animal like small and tenacious bulls, deer, wild boars, etc. While the Terriers tejones was sent to the madrigueras to hunt rats, wolves and weasels. The combination of the Bull and Terrier was created when the bloody Sports, such as the Bull-baiting and the fights of dogs, were begun to popularize, turning these social activities in synonymous of game and entretencin. The Bull-baiting consisted of facing these dogs moored bulls which were destined to the market. Originally this practice had been thought to soften the meat of the beast. On the other hand, these same units carried out fights in a closed sand call Pit, and from the name came there to finally pit-fighter (peleador of pit) pit-dog (dog of pit) and pitbull. 1835 these bloody Sports they became illegal England. Nevertheless, it is known that to the present time they are realised in circles that border the Mafia and the delinquency.

The head is of length median, of rectangular form; the skull is flat and wide, with prominent cheeks and without wrinkles. The snout is squared, ample and deep. The jaws are prominent and robust. The ears can be cut or no. The eyes are round and dark. Separated to each other and located in a very low position. The back is short and
49 | P a g e

strong, a little bent in the lumbar zone, that must be slightly ascent. The tail is of low insertion that is narrowed towards the end. The legs are great of cleared bones, with cuartillas straight and vertical. The mantle is shining with short and rough hair. Of an ample variety of colors. The weight goes in the females of 13 to 23 kg, and in the males of 16 to 27 kg.

The essential characteristics of American Pit Bull Terrier (APBT) are strength, confidence and determination. This race is always eager to please and rebosante of a great enthusiasm. The APBT is an excellent company for the family and it has been always characterized by his love the children. Since the APBT shows some level of aggression other dogs and due to their physical power, the APBT requires an owner will sociabilizar who it and train in obedience. The natural agility of this race makes very good climbers, reason why high defenses and of good quality are an inevitable requirement. The APBT is not the best election for dog guardian since he is extremely friendly, even with strangers. An aggressive behavior towards humans is totally outside the characteristics of this race and is absolutely nondesirable. This race especially is used for yield events, due to its high level of intelligence and its will for the work.

50 | P a g e

AMERICAN STAFFORDSHIRE TERRIER

COUNTRY: USA HEIGHT: 17-19 inches COAT: Smooth WEIGHT: 40-50 pounds COLOR: Any color REGISTRY: FCI, ARC, UKC, CKC GROUP: Mastiff

T
noxious

he Staffordshire Bull Terrier is an original race of the United Kingdom and with more than 200 years of antiquity it was created from old crossings of the English Bulldog with Terriers of the time to give life to the fights of dogs, tejones

or bears, since the Bulldogs (used to hold the head of cattle while for any necessity in the farms or also for the spectacles) bit and did not loosen and terriers (hunters of animals) had an intrepid temperament the more.

It was in Staffordshire, England where these dogs had their greater representation, since it was common enters the miners of the zone to take them to the work to sometimes realise combats during the rests with distraction aims, and others with the eagerness to make some extra money to bear the extreme poverty of the time. The condition of the prohibition of the time made select a smaller size, although also to practical effects for the life in family, since many of them could not be allowed more of a dog, and had to coexist with them, was of special attention that its relation with the humans was most warm possible. In order to coexist in a floor with all a family this condition that was essential the dogs were great lovers of the absolutely dangerous people and for them.

51 | P a g e

They are dogs of very warm deal with the people (dog denominates itself to him nursemaid). In general, one is a dog of red and white short hair, customary of colors black, atigrado, being able to have any color except the black and fire (to rottweiler) and the color liver. The measurement is between the 38 and 40 cm to the cross, and the weight oscillates between the 15 and 20 kg All this following if he is male or female, and of which the height and the weight are in balance with one another. The racial standard does not say that, the maximum weight of the males is 17.8 kilos

52 | P a g e

AMERICAN WATER SPANIEL

COUNTRY: USA COAT: Thick, close curls COLOR: Solid, dark chocolate REGISTRY: FCI, AKC, UKC, CKC WEIGHT: 25-45 pounds HEIGHT: 15-18 inches GROUP: Gun Dog

his is a race of dog of smaller hunting developed in the United States, mainly in Means the West, and recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1940. Their origins are not very certain. The experts think that he comes from the pull-

western regions of the United States. The color, the type of coat and its morphologic conformation suggest descendants of Irish water spaniel and curly coated to retriever. It is a dog of dimensions medians; robust and muscular, typically spaniel; one is an active dog, of curly coat. Of friendly temperament, its behavior indicates intelligence, force and resistance. Height between 38 and 45 cm, to the cross. Weight Of 13 to 20 kg for the males, of 12 to 18 kg for the females, in both cases approximately.Its head is of a moderate length, with wide and rather full skull, defined, but not too much pronounced. In front it covers with short and smooth hairs, without tuft nor crest. Snout of medium length, squaring, without tendency to the pointed form. Maxilares strong and ample, without enognatismo nor prognatismo; well formed right teeth and. Sufficiently ample nose, with developed graves good, that allow a good perception of the scents. Eyes Hazelnut, chestnut tree of dark tonality conforms to the coat; separated. Alert, attractive, intelligent expression. Lobulares ears, long and wide, of insertion not too high, as soon as over the line of the eyes. The ear can extend until the end of the nose and is covered with numerous

53 | P a g e

curls. The neck is round and long, strong and muscular, moderately free of papada: it little takes to the head with dignity forming an accentuated arc. The body well is developed, solidly constituted, but not excessively compact. Extremities of medium length, with good bone, never as short as to prevent the work of the dog. It has a tail median, slightly curved, taken a little below the level of the back. It is sharpened towards the end and is covered in all parts of hair; he is enduring in the action.

54 | P a g e

ANATOLIAN SHEPHERD

his ancient breed dog is also called Turkish shepherd, originated from the powerful hunting dogs in the

areas that today are Iraq and Iran. It was used as a combat animal and large game hunter; it is currently a guard and company dog. It its evolution, weather and surrounding towns environment have been determinant. In its lands, which range from Turkey to Afghanistan, shepherds place a collar spiked with iron nails to defend it from herd prowling wolf bites.

This breeds male is a lot larger than the female; it can be up to 81 cm tall to the cross and weigh 65 kg. The fur is short, rough and very thick, sandy colored, intense, tabby or liver red colored. The male as well as the female have an impressive well proportioned head, black nose and small, brown colored eyes, except in liver colored animals; its ears are triangular, round tipped, usually drooped while the dog is resting and erect when it is alert. Neapolitan mastiff breeding is expensive and hard to achieve.

It is intelligent, lively and learns easily, but its education must be constant but not harsh. Tame and affectionate to the family, who it feels it must protect, this makes it very aggressive towards strangers, to the point of attacking if it notices a threatening attitude. Although it likes children and its patient and protective toward them, it must not intervene in their games. It has a permanent vigilant attitude, alert to the slightest, suspicious sounding noise. It is not recommendable that it lives in a flat; country houses are more appropriate or if it lives in the city, there should be a park nearby.

It is not convenient to let it loose outside of the house, due to its unexpected reactions
55 | P a g e

toward strangers. It doesnt need special hygiene care, only the occasional brush. It must be provided with space so it can get the daily exercise it needs. This animal has huge instincts: it protects all the puppies, even other breeds. Females have been known to breastfeed orphan lambs.

56 | P a g e

ANGLO-FRANAIS DE PETITE VNERIE

f the three known Anglo-Franais breeds, the Anglo-Franais de Petite Vnerie is the smallest. Despite this,

they have a well defined musculature and are athletic. One feature of the dog that one might immediately notice is the size of its headwhich is rather small with regard to the body. It has a short and smooth coat and the exterior color is either light brown or black or white; or a combination of two of these three colors. Tricolored coats are relatively rare. The word petite in the name is in relation to the kind of game the dog is used to hunt- typically small game. Chasse--Tir is a form of hunting in which a dog or pack of dogs encircle the quarry animal and chase it towards the hunter. This is specifically the form of hunting that this particular breed was used for. the dog itself is medium sized. It has an excellent stamina and its speed is a huge asset when it comes to game hunting. The breed was created by crossing the older hounds of Anglo-French origin with the Harrier (Beagle) and Poitevin. The breed is actually not great for urban lifestyle but do very well if a large yard is provided. They are rarely used as pets- their use even to this day is largely limited to the purpose they were originally developed to serve- game hunting, as a scent hound. At least, in France, the country of its origin, this is the caseIt does not have a pet dog or show dog status. However, if all you want is a great home pet, this breed makes the best pet of all the three Anglo- Franais breeds. They also have no health problems, and are generally regarded as a healthy breed. But this is the case when they are provided with an environment suitable to their lifestyle. One check that must be undertaken is beneath the drooping ears, the zone offers the perfect conditions for fungal and bacterial colonies to thrive when the weather conditions are regularly moist. For people with a penchant to own a rare breed, this species is a good choice.
57 | P a g e

The dogs are intelligent and responsive to training. They need to be bathed only when necessary; care is relatively simple compared to other breeds. This breed has been recognized by the United Kennel Club in North America. A full grown dog should ideally weigh between 35 and 44 pounds and should stand at anything between 16 and 22 inches of height. Among other features that are generally evaluated is the general outline of appearance- it must resemble that of the other French hounds- It has a long tail which is only slightly held up, with a slight curve towards the end. The nose is very well developed. Its eyes are dark colored. Hind legs must be strong prepared for heavy thrusting action, while forelegs must be straight. The breed was formerly known as Petit Anglo-Franais, a name that was later changed in 1978.

58 | P a g e

APPENZELL MOUNTAIN DOG

APPENZELL MOUNTAIN DOG

This shepherd Swiss dog, native to Appenzell and probably a descendant of the Tibetan molosser and Nordic dogs, it was first described in an 1852 treatise titled Life of the Alpine World. But it was known a long time before that for its excellent presentations as a guide and cattle guard. Towards the end of the XIX it was defined as an individual breed and the first standard was set.

59 | P a g e

PHYSICAL

TRAITS

of

the

APPENZELL

MOUNTAIN

DOG

It is a medium sized dog, almost square, good musculature and solid appearance. The eyes are small, almond shaped and dark brown. The short, dense and attached fur is black or dark brown with white and reddish spots, with a long, dense and woolly inner coat. Its height is between 50 and 58 cm at the cross, in the males, and 48 and 56 cm in females. Both have a medium weight of 23 kg. TEMPERAMENT AND ADAPTATION of the APPENZELL MOUNTAIN DOG

It is a breed with a marked temperament and outstanding self confidence. Brave, bold, cheerful and vivacious, prominently shows its affection towards the family and likes to be useful by protecting it and defending it with a natural instinct that has made it famous. It doesnt trust strangers. It is not difficult to educate and train, but it is not recommended for an apartment, since it needs open space for its correct development. The name Appenezell mountain dog defines this breed of still very limited breeding that sets it apart from other mountain dogs and Swiss sheepdogs. EXERCISE AND CARE required for a APPENZELL MOUNTAIN DOG

This dog doesnt need special care, regular brushing is enough as well as providing it prolonged and frequent exercise Appenzeller Dog

Appenzeller Sennenhund

60 | P a g e

GOLDEN RETRIEVER

COUNTRY: Great Britain WEIGHT: 60-75 pounds HEIGHT: 21.5 -24 inches COAT: Dense, coat is also water repellent,

COLOR: Gold REGISTRY: FCI, ARC, UKC, TKC, CKC GROUP: Gun Dog The Golden Delicious Retriever is a race of relatively modern and popular dog, mainly in the United States and Europe. One thinks that it was developed more concretely in the
61 | P a g e

United Kingdom and in Scotland around year 1850, but the produced mixtures to obtain this race not yet are known. With his characteristics of dogs collectors like, bloodhounds, bloodhound and spaniel of water, it is a capable dog of hunting with abilities for tracking. One thinks that the Golden Delicious Retriever was developed in the United Kingdom by Lord Tweedmouth by the year of 1850 in order to recover birds on earth and in water, but the crossing mixtures that were used are not known. It is possible to be seen that it has some characteristics of dogs collectors like, bloodhounds, bloodhound and spaniel of water, this makes a capable dog of hunting and with abilities for tracking. LABRADOR RETRIEVER

COUNTRY: Great Britain WEIGHT: 55-75 pounds HEIGHT: 21.5 -24.5 inches COAT: Moderately short, dense COLOR: Black, chocolate, or yellow REGISTRY: FCI, AKC, UKC, TKC, CKC GROUP: Gun Dog

62 | P a g e

Retriever Farmer, call traditionally farmer, although also known like Collector farmer or Pointer of farmer, is an original canine race of Newfoundland, in present Canada. It is the most popular race of the world by amount of registered units. Their exceptional affability, gentility, intelligence, energy and kindness, cause that the farmers generally are considered like good companions of people of all the ages, as well as trustworthy working dogs, commonly comprising of operative, explosion-proof the canine brigades of the antidrug police in, search and rescues, among others. With training, the farmer is one of the canine races more employees, obedient and talentosas that they exist

In century XIX the fishermen of the island of Newfoundland used a type of dog that helped them in its workings. With time, some of these units would travel until the United Kingdom. Those dogs of Newfoundland owned two different sizes good, were known like Newfoundland and the other, of smaller stature and short coat, as dog of St. John. It is to this variety to which it is considered like ancestor of present Retriever Farmer. There is another theory that points the possibility that the race of Farmer comes from a type of Portuguese dog, the Dog of I castrate Laboreiro, which would explain, partly, the present name of the race. This thesis leans in the fact that the Galician and Portuguese crews they saturated in Newfoundland, of where would have obtained dogs of these characteristics. Also, they insist on the fact that in bordering Spanish earth with Portugal a type of dog of very similar shepherd to the contemporary Farmer exists. Once it was settled down in the United Kingdom, their qualities soon were appreciated by the hunters, who verified the facility with which he received the ducks when they fell in the water. The first authority on the race was vizconde Knutsford, that initiated its workings of young in 1884. One of the most famous units was one servant by him, was called Munden Sentry, that was raised with several titles in 1905. Another very important unit within the first decade of century XX was Flapper; been born in 1902, it demonstrated to be extraordinary a stallion one. Retriever Farmer was recognized by the Kennel British Club in 1904. Its popularity was increasing so much in the exhibitions as in cinegetic atmospheres; in fact, a little while
63 | P a g e

summit for the race was when the dog Bramshaw Bob, property of lady Lorna Howe, obtained TWICE of Crufts of 1932 and 1933. This criadora also would secure this appreciated award in 1937, this time with Cheverella Horseradish tree of Banchory. The Farm Club of England was founded on 1916, time at which the majority of unit was black, although the yellows began to be valued. The first unit of this color was registered in 1899, been born from two black parents. At present she is one of the races more known by the great public, with a great demand in multitude of countries and that is used very in variable workings, given its special ability to work. LABRADOR RETRIEVER

It is an English breed, related to the golden retriever although there are different theories about its origin. One of them is that this dog descends from the St. John, one of the ones that went along the fishermen in the long campaigns across Greenland. Another one is that its ancestor was a Portuguese dog, the Castro laboreiro, since the Portuguese fishing boats spent long months fishing in the Nordic areas and their crews could have taken this breed when they came back. In the border areas between
64 | P a g e

Portugal and Galicia the Castro laboreiro is abundant, which is very similar to the Labrador retriever. Currently, this breed is one of the most famous in the world and one of the most demanded. PHYSICAL TRAITS of the LABRADOR RETRIEVER

This breed has a solid and strong structure, whose males weigh between 20 and 30 kg and the females are between 22 and 38 kg; in average they stand between 59 and 56 cm respectively. The fur is straight, very short and hard to the touch; it is black, yellow or reddish without spots, white hairs in the chest at the most. The skull is wide, the stop is pronounced, the medium sized eyes are brown or hazelnut and the ears are droopy and medium in their thickness and length. The chest is wide and deep, the arched ribs form a barrel and the back is straight. TEMPERAMENT AND ADAPTATION of the LABRADOR RETRIEVER

The Labrador retriever is a charming and active partner, kind by nature and extremely affectionate to its direct master, who it obeys pleasurably since it loves to feel useful and necessary. Its intelligence makes its training as well as its adaptation to any environment easy and stimulating tasks. It can live in a flat, however, it feels happier where it can enjoy outdoors space. EXERCISE AND CARE required for a LABRADOR RETRIEVER

Contrary to the golden, this retriever doesnt need too much brushing since its short hair repels filth. Being it a collection breed, it loves water, reason why it should be watched in fieldtrips because, if there is an opportunity, it will make a run for the nearest river.

65 | P a g e