TABLE OF CONTENTS

D A YI : in Spanish Expressions and with Started Greetings Basic Getting D A Y2 :

Alphabet in and l-etters Sounds thc Spanish Recognizing D A Y3 : NominalWordsandPhrases Spanish Forming stic c Characteri Gender-Specifi c N umber-SpecifiCharacteristic Articles Dcllniteand Indefinite Nouns LearnMore Spanish DAY4: Pronourts with Spanish Irarniliar Getting Pronouns Sub.iect Pronouns Ob.iect Pronouns Posscssive Demonstratives D A Y5 : Adjcctives with Spanish to Learn Dcscribe DAY 6: with Phrascs Prepositions andCompletc Makingl,onger DAY7: Verbs to lntroduction Spanish AII Verbs trR Verbs IR Verbs DAY 8: Tense Verbsto Present Conjugating Regular Forms Forms lrregular Ser vs. Estar Form Progressive Present DAY9: jugating Tense Verbsto Past Con I{egular Forms
l6

lz

25

29
34

36

+J

5l

Forms Irregular DAY IO: Tense Verbsto Future Conjugating Forms Regular Forms Irregular Form Be-Going-To DAY I I: Sentences BasicSpanish Forming Sentences Declarative Sentences Interrogative Sentences Irnperative DAY I2: Phrases i FamliarizingSituational Askingfor Directions G i v i n gD i r e c t i o n s At the Airpoft in Checking at Hotels a Bus Riding t R i d i n g h eT r a i n Hiringa Taxi Hiringa Boat DrivingCars for Shopping Clothes for Shopping Food Food DiningOut andOrdering the Visiting Beach DoingSports and Problerns Complaints with Emergencies Dealing 56

59

66

DAY I: in and BasicExpressions Spanish GettingStartedwith Greetings

The first step to learning a new languageis being f-amiliarwith its grcetingsand in most basic phrases.Listed below are everyday expressions Spanish words, with them properly. Pleasebe remindedthat when guides,to help you enunciate pronunciation written, the Spanish language use both the inverted question mark (i) and inverted exclamationmark (;) at the beginning of every interrogativeand exclamatory sentence, respectively. lHola! [oh-lah] 'Hi, Hello' otherpeople.It means'hi' in expression greeting lHola!is the most basicSpanish or'hello'. It can be usedboth for pcopleyou know. and fbr thoseyou don't know to get them to notice you. This is also the phraseused when answeringcalls liorn the phone, followedby a good morningor good eveningin Spanish. Note: Spanish people do not pronouncethe letter /h/, making it a silent letter, shouldnot be read [hohexceptwhen usedin the /ch/ sound.Thus,the aboveexpression lahl but [oh-lah]. To Remember Easily: Change the common hello Io hallo. Interchangethe position of the vowels lol and lal to rnake it holla, then eventually hola, without pronouncing the letter/h/. lBuenos dias! [bwe-nosdi-yahs] 'Good morning/day' iBuenas tardes! [bwe-nastar-des] 'Cood afternoon' lBuenus noche.s! [bwe-nasnoh-ches] 'Good evening/night'

greetings Spanish. These thedailyor tirnely in are Similar English, are to they
composedof two words, namely bien which means 'good' and the Spanishwords for morning,afternoon, and night. To Remember Easily: Dias is'day(s)' in Spanish(Note the changeof lyl to lil and the rearrangement letters). of Sincedaytimeis usuallyassociated with mornings, you should not forget that iBuenos Dias!is to be greetedto a personduring the rnorning. with'afternoon,' simply imaginethe time of the To associate Spanish the tarde.s day when you feel the laziest or, say, tardiest - during the afternoon! Now you know why you always feel like taking a short nap after lunch. Using alliteration,a literary style where words beginningwith the sameconsonant are placed together in a phraseor sentence, can easily relatenoches with its English we translationrneaning'night' sincethey both startwith the letterlnl. 2,Crimole llamos? [ko-mo te lya-mas] 'What isyourname?' i,C6mo se llama'? [ko-mo se lya-mah] 'What is your name?'(Formal)

Literally, mean'How do you call yourself?' thesephrases The formeris being used duringinformal casual or conversations, whenasking lostkid whathis name like a is, whenmeeting new acquaintances school organizations, whengetting know in or or to a personyoungeror the sameage as you are. The latteris being usedduring formal instances, like when talking to an elder or anybodywith high societaland political positions professors, like mayor,or your fiiend'smother. The literaltranslation "What of i s y o u rn a m e n S p a n i s h ?s . . . i i" lQud esti nombre? fke estu nom-bre] 'Whatis yourname?'

you asksfor your nameusingany of the abovequestions, may also lf someone answers: with various resoond Yosoy [name]. [ y o s o y. . . ] 'lam...'
Me llamo [nane] [ m e l y a - m o. . . ] 'l a m c a l l e d. . . ' Mi nombre es [name]. e [mi nom-bre s ... ] ' M y n a m ei s . . . '

all whentellingyour namein Spanish, are accepted Thoughthereare variations that the first be However, reminded yourselfto otherpeople. and are usedto introduce to is introduction usuallya response the directquestion i,Quiin erestil'?or'Who are and amongSpanish, the is you?';the second introduction the rnostcommonresponse is to is third introduction usedwhengivingemphasis whatyour nameis (i.e.My narne not [namel], [name2]). i,Qu,!tal'/ [ke tal] 'What's p?' u i,Comoestus? Iko-moes-tas] 'How areyou?'

above are used for asking how anotherperson is today, what he Both expressions hasbeendoing lately,how he is feeling,and the likes. Note: When talking fbrmally, use cslrr insteadof estas in the latter exprcssion. The topic on fbrmality in the Spanish Languagc,especiallyon pronouns, will be discussed Day 4. on

(Muy) Bien [(muy)byen] '(Very)Good'

(Muy) Mal [(muy)mal] '(Very) Bad'

'how you are doing' can be answered on depending how on Questions knowing you are actuallyfeeling during the momentyou are asked.Hence,from the options you above, canreplywith a good,a very good,a bad,or a very bad.

Easily:Knowthalmuyis 'much'in English, literally. Hence, if To Remember

'very' should be used to emphasize In this it. somethingis much, extremewords like case,'very' is translated muy. as As we have alreadymentioned earlier,bienis 'good;' while nal is'bad.' If you using creativethoughts,try can't relate the English word to its Spanishcounterpart the associating number of lettersfrom one to another- both bien and'good' has 4 letters, while both bad and'mal' has3 letters. Por.favor Ipor l-a-vorl Please' Por Javor is the Spanishway of showing respectwhen asking a favor. lt can be ofyour sentence at the end. or usedeitherat the beginning To Remember Easily: Don't you usually say please when you ask por (for) a favor? O

Gracias Igra-thyas] 'Thankyou'

De nada [de na-dha] oYou'rewelcome' or 'Don't mention it'

To Remember Easily: Gracia, without /s/, is 'grace' or 'blessing' in English. Don't you say thank you for all the gracia(s)you receive? nada literallymeans'it's De nothing.'When it's nothing,you don't haveto mentionit. ;Adi6s! Ia-dhyos] 'Goodbye' 'goodbye' is used when you bid farewell to somebody you know iAdios! or whetherpersonallyor through the telephone.It's like wishing that God be with the other personas he continueshis journey as a di6s literally means'to God.'

DAY 2: Alphabet in Lettersand Sounds the Spanish Recognizing

As you are now familiar with the everyday greetings in Spanish,you can start You must know how each letteris called,and the soundit alphabet. the Spanish learning produces. The Spanish alphabet is composedof 30 letters.However, Spanish sounds are that a letter is pronouncedin more than the total number of letters,as there are instances to variousways according its positionin a word. from the ABC's of English.The table In addition,each letterhasa namediff'erent below will show you how each lctter in Spanishis called, how each one of thern is pronounced, and someexamplesfor practice. Alphabet A a Name [ah] PronounceIt! lahlas in Englishother,shut,son Examples alto'tall' Ial-to'l B b [beh] lbl as in Englishboy, about,crib bian'good' Ibyen] C c [theh] /k/ as in Englishgup, roqb/, milk when followed by the vowels a, o, u malh Ithl as in Englishthin, Catherine, when followed by the vowels e, I Ch ch [cheh] lchl as in Englishchild, Richard,beaqh cuatro'foLtr' [kwat-ro] cinco'tive' [thing-ko] chicu'girl' [chi-ka] D d [deh] donde'where' ldl as is Englishdoll, idea,glad when usedin the startol-a word or syllable [don-de] Ithl as is then, mother, breathe when placedin betweenvowels in a word E e [eh] /eh/ as in Englishenter,let, said nada 'nothing'

[na-dha] estudo'state' Ies-ta-dho]

[eh-feh]

lfl as in English fan, raffle,wife

Jalso'false' Ifal-so] gordo'fat' Igor-do] gente'person' Ikhen-te] hasla'until' Ias-ta] idolo'idol' Ii-do-lo]

Ikeh]

gift, beagle, lgl asin English dog whenfollowedby thevowelsa, o, u gargled as in German /k/ Bashwhen followed thevowels I by e,

Iah-cheh]

theletter is notpronounced Spanish h in wordsrnaking a silent it letter income, plty lil as in trnglish hit,

til
Ihoh-tah]

gargled as in Gennan /k/ Bach

jab(tn'soap' Ikha-bon]

Ikah]

/V as in English kite,waqky, silk

kilo'kilo' [ki-lo]

[eh-leh] LI ll

lll asin English ball light,blame,

lapiz'pencil' Ia-piz]

Ieh-lyeh]

galleon llyl as in English

llover'rain' Iyo-ver]

[eh-meh]

lnl as in English money, summit, tame

mal

'bad'

Imal]

[eh-neh]

net, lnl asin English ti4y, green

norle'north' Inor-te]

Ieh-nyeh]

lnyl as in English canyon, onion

fiaque'junk' Inya-ke]

lohl

lol as in English Auckland, saw, decor

obra'work' Iob-ra]

lpehl

lpl as in Englishpafty, happ5r, leap

pato'duck' Ipa-to]

Ikuh]

/k/ as in English kite,wag$r,silk

quema'fire' Ike-ma]

[eh-reh]

lyle lrl asin English 1oll,ma1k,

robo'robbery' [ro-bo] c\rrer'to run' Ikor-rer] sa/sa'sauce' Isal-sa] luzu 'cup' Ita-zal
ilnico'single'

Rr

rr

[ehr-reh]

hardlrl lrlwith a roll of thetongue;

[eh-seh]

office son,daisy, /s/ as in English

[teh]

Itl asin English !ime,laler,bel!

[uh]

put, book, push /u/ as in E,nglish

Iu-ni-ko]
V v [uh-veh]
vuca'cow' /v/ as in Englishvase,lava,have o1'aword or syllable [va-ka] when usedin the start vowels sofi /b/ when placedin between ave'bird' Ia-be] [uh-veh do-blel lwl as in Englishwhale,lower,show watar'toilct' [wa-ter] gargled/k/ as in German Bach when used in the starl o1'aword /ks/ as in English taxi, box, llx when placedinsidea word Xavier (name) Ikhav-yer] sexlo 'sixth'

[eh-kis]

Iseks-to] yutc'yaclh' [ya-te]

[i-gri-yeh-gah]lylas in Englishyoyo, boy, Sunday

lil as in English receive,cre4m,ski when y 'and' usedas the conjunction Z z lzeh-tahf lzl as in English zebra,laz,y,buzz zona 'zone' [zo-na] To summarize, soundsnot presentor arc very minimal in the English language but are common in Spanishincludeslchl,lthl, gargledlW of German,llyl,lnyl,lrrl. and but is of the soft /b/. Meanwhile,the letterh is common in the written language Spanish, to verballyunlessit belongs the /chl sound. not pronounced

you the of nowbe ableto recite 30 letters theSpanish As thisdayends, should

alphabetusing the namesthey are called (ah, beh, theh, etc.), distinguishthe different to and soundsmade by some letterslike c, d, g, v, x, and y according certainconditions, can be observed. whereall letters and sounds cite someexamples

DAY 3: NominalWords and Phrases FormingSpanish

With enough knowledge on Spanish letters and sounds,you are now ready to begin fbrming words and phrases.On this 3'u day of training, the focus will be on Theseare what we usually call nouns. Thesewords forming nominal words and phrases. entities. name people,places,animals,events,and even abstract This meansthat its words, language. Spanishis a gender-and number-specific whetherthey are containwithin them the categorization parlicularlynounsand adjectives, feminine,or neuter; and whetherthey are pluralor singular. masculine,

Gender-SpecificCharacteristic feminine,or according gender- masculine. to may be classified Nouns in Spanish neuter.How do we know which genderfits which noun? To help you resolvethis problem,I'd like you to meet two good fiiends of mine: Lawrence, a clever guy from California, and Dazcion, a pretty maiden frorn Mexico. he Lawrencecan help you rernindwhich nouns in Spanishare masculinebecause is a Readon. guy, while Dazcioncan do the samelbr lbminincnouns.How is that possible? Spanishnouns ending in L, O, R, E, N, and S are masculine. Here are some

examples: Arbol Barrio Cintur6n Examen Garaje Im6n Libro Nombre Pais Queso [ar-bol] [bar-ryo] [sin-tu-ron] [ek-sa-men] [ga-ra-he] [i-man] [ib-roh] [nom-bre] [pa-is] [ke-so] 'tree' 'town' 'belt' 'exam' 'garage' 'magnet' 'book' 'name' 'country' 'cheese' Azucar Bebd Disco Freno Hombre Jam6n Miedo Oido Pupitre Regalo [ah-zu-kar] [be-be] [dis-ko] [fre-no] [om-bre] [ha-mon] [mye-do] [oy-do] [pu-pit-re] [reh-ga-lo] 'sugar' 'baby' 'disk' 'brake' 'man' 'ham' 'fear' 'ear' 'desk' 'gift'

Sello Traje

[sel-yo] [tra-he]

'stamp' 'dress'

Tac6n Zono

[ta-kon] [zor-ro]

'heel' 'fox'

On the other handonouns ending in D, A, Z, and Cion are feminine. Some examplesare shown below: Agua Blusa Circulaci6n Direcci6n Fruta Hora Iglesia Luz Naci6n Prof-esi6n Red Salud Ufra Vida 'water' [ah-gwa] 'blouse' [blu-sa] 'traffic' [sir-ku-lathyon] 'address' [di-rekthyon] 'fruit' [fru-ta] 'hour' [oh-ra] 'church' [ig-le-sya] 'light' [uz] 'nation' [na-syon] 'profession, job' [pro-fe-syon] 'net' [red] 'health' [sa-lud] 'nail' [uh-nya] 'life' [vi-da] Barba Cama Cosa Estrella Guerra Hierba Juventud Mancha P6gina Querida Suela Tinta Yoz Zona [bar-ba] [ka-ma] [ko-sa] [es-tre-lya] [ger-ra] [yer-ba] Ihu-ven-tud] [man-cha] [pa-hi-na] [ke-ri-da] [swe-la] [tin-ta] [voz] [zo-na] 'beard' 'bed' 'thing' 'star' 'war' 'grass' 'youth' 'stain' 'page' 'dear' 'sole' 'ink' 'voice' 'zone'

Hence,when you encountera Spanishnoun, all you have to do is look at its endingand see if it belongsto Lawrencc(L-O-R-E-N-S)or Dazcionto know its gender. to However,thereare some exceptions theserules.You would notice that most of them like English.Observethe table below: are borrowedwords from other languages Masculine Nouns Not Endins in L-O-R-E-N-S Feminine Nouns Not Endins in Dazcion Calle Cancer Carcel Carne Flor Ley Lente Mujer Noche Orden Raz6n Suerte

Arroz Bistec Charnpu Dia Esqui Fax Mapa Menf Pez Programma Reloj Rey

lar-roz] [bistek] [cham-pu] [di-ya] [es-ki] [faks] [ma-pa] [me-nu] [pez] Ipro-gra-ma] [re-loh] [rey]

'street I ka-lye | 'cancer' fkan-ser] 'prison' [kar-sel] 'meat' [kar-ne] 'flower' [flor] 'law' [ey] 'lens' [en-te] 'wife' [mu-her] 'night' [noh-cheh] 'command' [or-den] 'reason' [ra-zon] 'luck' [swer-te]

by entitywhich is beingrefbrred the You shouldalsonotethat not because actual (i.e.,pantsfor men,skirtsfor women);the with a ceftaingender the word is associated for nounscanbe.iust thing.Look how ironic Spanish the of word takes gender the actual characteristic: thesake followingits gender-specific of Masculine Nouns Camison Pantys Paraguas Salvaslips Sujetador Pendiante 'nightdress' [ka-mi-son] 'thights' [pan-tis] 'umbrella' [pa-ra-gwas] 'pantyliner' [sal-vas-lips] 'bra' [su-he-ta-dor] 'earrings' Ipen-dyan-te]
Feminine Nouns Cantera Corbata Ginebra Gorra Guardia Guitarra [kan-te-ra] [kor-ba-ta] [khi-ne-bra] [gor-rah] [gwar-dya] [gi-tar-ra] 'case' 'tie' 'gin' 'cap' 'guard' 'guitar'

on and animalsare inflecteddepending the genderof Nouns ref'erring persons to the noun being referredto: Masculine Nouns Arquitekto Cajero Chico Director Duefio Esposo Granjero Hermano Huesped Hrjo Ladron Medico Nieto Perro [ar-ki+ek-to] [ka-he-ro] [chi-ko] [di-rek-tor] [dwe-nyo] [es-poh-so] [gran-he-ro] [er-ma-no] [wes-ped] [i-ho] [ad-ron] [me-di-ko] [nye-to] [per-ro] F e m i n i n cN o u n s Arquitekta Ca.jera Chica Direktora Ducfla Esposa Granhera Hermana Huespeda Hrja Ladrona Medica Nieta Perra Meaning 'architect' 'cashier' 'boy/girl' 'd irector' 'owner' ospouse' 'lbrmer' 'sibling' 'guest' 'son/daughter' 'thief 'doctor' 'grandchild' 'dog'

Iar-ki-tek-ta] Ika-he-ra] Ichi-ka] Idi-rek-to-ra] Idwe-nya] Ies-poh-sa] Igran-he-ra] Ier-ma-na] Iwes-pe-da] Ii-ha] Iad-ro-na] Ime-di-ka] Inye-ta] Iper-ra]

above and nounsref'erring persons animals to Noticethat mostof the masculine nouns form (withoutany suffix)of the word,while the feminine endin -o or usethe base endin -a.

belonging is called neuter. Words noun in Thethirdgender Spanish classification

to this categorycan be both male and female,dependingon the actual genderof the noun being referred to. They do not need to be inflected with any suffix. Look at some below: examples Agente Adolescente Artista Canguro Ciclista Cliente Especialista Estud iante Gerente Periodista Policia Rcpresentante

[ah-hken-tel Iah-doh-le-sen-te] Iar-tis-ta] Ikan-gu-ro] Isi-klis-ta] Ikli-yen-te] is{a] [es-pe-sya-l Ies-tu-dyan-tcl Ihe-ren-te] Iper-yo-dis-ta] Ipo-li-thyah] Ire-pre-sen-tan-te]

'agent' 'adolescent' 'artist' 'babysitter' 'cyclist' 'client, customer' 'specialist' 'student' 'manager' 'journalist' 'policeman, icewoman' pol 'representative'

Num ber-Specific Characteristic Sirnilarto English,Spanishcan be inflectedfor number- an affix is placed wordsto show plurality.Below are the rulesin formingplural nounsin Spanish: l. Add -^s nounsendinsin vowels. to

Vaca Gato Plaza Calle Tfa

) ) ) ) )

Vacas Gatos Plazas Calles Tfas

Iva-kas] Iga.tos] Ipla-zas] Ika-lyes] Iti-yas]

'cows' 'cats' 'towns' 'streets' 'aunts'

endingin consonants except /s/. 2. Add -esto nouns Papel ) Color ) ) Ciudad Hotel ) Flor ) Papeles Colores Ciudades Hoteles Flores 'papers' [pa-pe-les] 'colors' [ko-lo-res] 'cities' [thyu-da-des] 'hotels' [ote-les] 'flowers' [f1o-res]

in 3. Mostnouns ending /s/ remain themselves whenpluralized.

) Jueves

Jueves

Ikhwe-ves]

'Thursdays'

4. Add -esto someothernounsendingin /s/.

Mes ) Pais )

Meses Paises

[me-ses] [pay-ses]

'months' 'countries'

-es. adding lzlto lclbefore flrst endingin lzl, change the letter 5. For nouns Pez Luz Yez Yoz Lapiz ) ) ) ) ) Peces Luces Veces Voces Lapices Ipe-thes] [u-thes] [ve-thes] [vo-thes] [la-pi-thes] 'fishes' 'lights' 'number times' of 'voices' 'pencils'

in can be observed Spanish Apart from addingthe suffixes-s and -e.r,numbers They shouldagreewith one with the nouns. themsclves nounsby usingthe numerals in be another-if thenounis morethanone,a pluralsuffixshould present thc word.Here numerals: fbr is thetable Spanish 0 I 2 3 4 5 cero uno dos tres cuatro cinco Ise-ro] Iu-no] Idos] Itres] Ikwat-ro] [thing-ko] Iseys] Ishe-te] [oh-cho] Inwe-veh] Idyez] Ion-the] 16 17 l8 19 20 21 22 30 40 50 60 70 diezy seis diezy siete diezy ocho [dyezi seys] ldyezi she-tel [dyezi ocho]

diezy nueve [dyezi nwe-ve] veinte [veyn-te]

i y veinte uno [veyn-te u-no] y veinte dos treinta cuarenta cincuenta sesenta setenta i [veyn-te dos] [treyn-ta] [kwa-ren-ta] [thing-kwen-ta] [se-sen-ta] [se-ten-ta]

6 s e f s 7 8 9 l0 II siete ocho nueve diez once

12 13 14 15

doce trece catorce quince

[doh-the] [tre{he] [ka{or{he] [kin-the]

80 90 I 00

ochenta noventa cien

[oh-chen-ta] [no-ven-ta] [shen] [mil]

1000 mil

Here are examplesof nouns and numbersforming nominal phrases: Una dia Ocho vasosde agua Doce mesescadaaiio Treinta y dos afros Cien pesos [u-nadi-ya] [oh-chova-sosde a-gwa] [do-theme-seska-da a-nyol [treyn-tai dos a-nyos] [shcnpe-sos] 'one daY' '8 glasses water' of ' l2 monthsa year' '32 years' '100 pesos'

Definite and Indefinite Articles As we have already startedforming nominal phraseswith the use of numbers,let this time. by us continue usingarticlesin Spanisli of A nominal phraseis usually composed an articleand a noun, Articles can be either definite or indefinite.In English,we use the article "the" to show definiteness, o'd" to refer to indefinitenouns.As a review of definiteness, the consider while we Llse below: following Englishsentences [The child] is playing. [A child] is playing. the In the former sentence, one playing is the child whom perhapswe already know or have been talking about earlier;unlike in the latterwhere the one playing is a child who we don't really know. Since it is againa In Spanish,articlesare also usedto show a noun's definiteness. gender- and number-specificlanguage,these articles are also inflected for gender and thesearticles: plurality. Study the table below that introduces

DEFINITE Plural Singular /os [os] el lell Masculine el libro [el lib-roh] 'thebook' la llal Feminine la plaza |apla-zal 'thetown' lasplazas las pla-zasl 'thetowns' los libros floslib-rohs] 'thebooks' /a.s [as]

TNDEFINITE
Sinsular

un funf
un chico [un chi-ko] 'a boy'

Plural rros [unos] chicos unos chi-kos] Iu-nos 'boys' ana^s [unas] chicas unas chi-kas] [u-nas 'girls'

una luna] u n ac h i c a chi-ka] Iu-na 'a girl'

hereare the stepsin fbrmingnominalphrases: To summarize, l. the Identifythe genderof the noun.Check its endingbut remember exceptions.

2. How rnany are being talked about?If it's rnorethan one, observethe ending so you would know what sufflx to add. what articleto use. 3. ls the noun definiteor not?This would determine in Answerthe questions Spanish. Examples: Q: A: What did you have for breakfast? 2 bananas and a slassof rnilk l. 2. 3. P l a t a n o ' b a n a n ai 's a m a l e . Vaxs 'glass' is also a malc. Hence,add -s Io platano ) 2 platanos. 2 bananas. rctnains. I glass.Hence.vcrso - definite,with numeral) dosplalanos 2 bananas I glass- indefinite,useun ) un vaso Dos platanos y un vaso de leche

) Q: A:

Who calledwhile I was gone? (boy) (girls)and a student The neighbors l. 7. 3. The neighborsare girls. Use vecina (insteadof vecino). Estudianteis neuter.No needfor inflection. Neighbors.Hence,add -s to vecina ) vecinas. remains. Student.Hence,estudiante The neighbors- definiteouse las ) las vecinas

use ) A student indefinite. u/? un estudiante y Las vecinas un estudiante

Learn More Nouns that are Spanish! It is also important to learn the fbllowing Spanishnouns that are used in daily Take time to get yourself familiar with these nouns and memorize each conversations. one of them. en l. Months in a Year (los meses un afro) Enero Febrero Marzo Abril Mayo .lunio .lulio Agosto Septiembre Octubre Noviembre Diciernbre

[e-ne-ro] Ifeb-re-ro] Imar-zo] Iab-ril] Irna-yo] Ihu-nyo] Ihu-lyo] Ia-gos-to] Isep-tyem-bre] Iok-tu-bre] Ino-vyem-bre] Idi-thyern-bre]

'January' 'February' 'March' 'April' 'May'

'J

'July' 'August' 'September' 'October' 'November' 'December'

Llne'

2. Days of the Week (las diasen una semana) Lunes Martes Miercoles Jueves Viernes Sabado Domingo

Iu-nes] Imar-tes] Imyer-ko-les] Ikhweh-ves] Ivyer-nes] Isa-ba-dho] [do-ming-go]

'Monday' 'Tuesday' 'Wednesday' 'Thursday' 'Friday' 'Saturday' 'Sunday'

3. Time of the Day (hora en la diya)

De la maffana De la tarde Hora Mediahora Cuarto hora de

'am' [de la rna-nya-na] 'pmt [de la tar-de] Io-ra] ora] [me-dya [kwar-too-ra] 'time,hour' ' h a l fh o u r ' 'quafter ofan hour'

4. What is The Date Today? (6Quefechaes hoy?) Dates,in Spanish,are formed by statingthe date (number) first before the month. de'of- is usedto by The number is introduced an article,while the preposition link that date to the month. Let's try it!

i,QueJbcha e.shoy? [ke fe-chaes oy] ' W h a t ' st h e d a t et o d a y ? ' i,Que dia es? [ke di-ya es] 'What day is it? Note:

El cinco da marzo. [el thing-kode mar-zo] 'lt's thc5th f May.' o Es domingtt [es do-ming-go] 'lt's Sunday'

El seis da Julio. [el seysde hu-lyo] 'lt's the6"'of July.' Es miercolcs. [es myer-ko-les] 'lt's Wednesday'

- The monthsand days in Spanishdo not begin with capital letterswhen written. 5. What Time Is It? (6Quehoraes?) i,Que hora es? [ke o-ra es] ' W h a t t i r n ei s i t ? ' Es la una clela larde [es la u-na de la tar-de] 'lt's l:00 p.m.' Son las do'sy media [son las dos i me-dya] 'lt's 2:30'

DAY 4:
Getting Familiar with SpanishPronouns
Pronouns are noun substitutes.Even though you can already form nominal phrases,it isn't enough that you proceedin studying verbs and then forming sentences right away. You would not want el gato to be present.iust at each of your sentences, would you? Trust me; it will only soundbad. ofpronouns in Spanish. and Hence,you shouldunderstand know the properusage 'l-his and day's lesson is divided into learning subjective,objective, possessive,

pronouns. demonstrative

Subject Pronouns In Spanish,subject pronounsare usually used only once in a context and are Spanish verbsalreadycontainin them both the person generally ornitted. This is because furlher in later and nurnberof the subjectbeing talked about.(Verbs will be discussed about it can days to corne.)Hence,once the subjcctpronoun is stated,the next sentences becomegrammaticaleven without the said pronoun,or even noun for that rnatter. like this: The subjectpronounchartappears Person l" Person Familiar Formal 3'd Person Male

Sinsular
Io [yo]'l

Plural

NosolrosIno-sot-ros]
'wg'

2ndPerson

7u [tu] 'you'
Usled [us-ted]'you'

Vosostro s Ivo-sot-ros] 'you all'

Female

Ellell'helit' Ella I eh-lv a]'she/it'

Ustedes Ius-te-des] ' v o ua l l ' Ellos |eh-lvosl'thev' Ellas leh-lvasl'thev'

Pronouns the first person, in both in singular pluralforms,shouldbe familiar and just the same in English. to you astheyfunction as

person, pronouns hereareof two forms,the familiarandthe fbrmal. As fbr the2nd greatlyfor the elderlyandauthority. people valuerespect You shouldknow that Spanish have pronouns person refersto. Ustedandustedes This is what the formal form of the 2no you regard they shouldbe usedwhentalkingto people in inherent them.Hence, respect highly. have also 2 forms Finally,you shouldnoticethat the 3'u personpronouns to or to of according gender the person thing beingtalkedabout.I{ere,it is irnportant be it substitutingwith a pronoun. the of ableto identily gender thenounbefore bcing pronouns be fLrthcrshownwhenthey arealready will The useof subject fbmiliarwith eachone of that you become As usedin sentences. for now, it is enough them.

ObjectPronouns for Object pronounsare generallysubstituted direct and indirect objects in verbs. sentences transitive with chartbelow: Studytheobjectpronoun Person l" Person Familiar
Formal Malc Female

2ndPerson

Me lrnehl'me' Ze [tehl 'you

Le ilehl'you' Io [oh] 'he/it'(DO) Le llehl'he/it' (lO)

Sineular

3'd Person

Nos lnohs]'us Os lohsl 'you all Ies ilehsl'you all' Ia.r [ohs] 'they' (DO) Zesilehsl'they'(lO)
'they' (DO) la,s [ahs] 'they' (lO) Zes ilehs.l

Plural

La llahl'she/it' (DO) Le llehl'she/it' (lO)

For the I't and 2nopersons,you would notice that the direct and indirect objects have the sameform; while the direct object differs from its indirect counterpartin the 3'd

(More of in sentence. person. is to avoidconfusion when theybothappear a single This

furtheron Day I l) this to be discussed

Pronouns Possessive pronouns,those that show ownership,also depend on the genderand Possessive Take note that a pronoun'sgender* particularly, numberof the nounsthey accompany. l't and 2''dpersonplural ('our' and 'your') - do not to correspond what the genderof the

owner is, but to the genderof the noun.

SinsularNouns
'My' Feminine Masculine Mi rni.l

'Your'

Familiar

Sa SU Nuestra Nuestro 'C)ur' lnu-wes-trol Inu-wes-tra] Vueslra Vueslro 'Your Farniliar Ivu-wes-tro] Ivu-wes-tral Pl. Formal Sr.r s u l 'Their Sa s u l

Formal ' H i s ,h e r ,i t s '

Tu ltul Sr sul

Plural Nouns Feminine Masculine Mis m i s l Tus tusl Sas us'l Sas usl
Nue.stros lnu-wes-tros l Vueslro,s Ivu-wes-trosl Nueslra.s lnu-wes-tras l Vuestras Ivu-wes-trasl

Szs susl Szs sus'l

possessive pronouns as follows: are of we Examples phrases canmakeusing 'my mother' Mi rnadre [rnimad-re] 'your car' Tu coche [tu ko-che] 'herblouses' Susblusas [susblu-sas] 'our world' mun-do] mundo Nuestro [nu-wes-tro pan-ta-lo-nes]'your (pl.) pants' pantalones[vu-wes-tros Vuestros 'theirbrothers' Sushermanos [suser-ma-nos] 'your name, por por please' (formal) Su nombre, favor [sunom-bre fa-vor]

Demonstratives referto certainnounsin termsof their positions relativeto the Demonstratives positions nounsin which demonstratives In therearethreespecific of speaker. Spanish, are used:nearthe speaker, nearthe listener, and far away from both the speaker and

being of and to also demonstratives confbrm the gender number the nouns These listener. to. referred Sinsular Feminine Masculine 'These' Esle les-tel Eslc les-tal 'Those' Esa le-sal Ese [e-sel 'Those over Aquclla Aquel there' la-ke-lval la-kell Plural
Masculine Eslos [es-tosl

'This' 'That' 'Thatover there'

Esosle-sosl
Aquello,s la-ke-lyosl

Feminine Eslasles-tasl 6sas[e-sasl

Aquealla:; la-ke-lyasl

For clearexamples: Esla manzana An apple near the speaker: An apple near the listener:Esa manzana An apple far away: Aquella munzana 'This aPPle' [es-taman-za-na] "l'hat aPPle' [e-saman-za-na] 'That aPPle' man-za-naf [a-ke-lya (over there)

Estasmanzanas [ e s - t a s m a n - z a - n a s ] ' T h e s e a p p l e s ' l2 applesnearthe speaker: l2 applesnearthe listener:Esas manzunas [e-sasman-za-nas] "l'hoseapples' Those apples manzanos l2 applesfar away: Aquella.s [a-ke-lyasman-za-nas] (over therc)

DAY 5:
Learn to Describewith SpanishAdjectives
The principal function of adjectivesis to modify or describenouns.Therefore,the shouldconform to the noun involved (i.e. if the numberand the genderof an ad.iective it describing shouldbe the same).However,unlike in the noun is male singular, adjective the English language that the adjective comes before the noun it modifies, Spanish adjectivesusually follow the noun they give descriptionto, although there are instances language follows the Adj-N order.Comparethe following examples: that the Spanish

Eng. A prettygirl Art-Adj-N boys The naughty Art-Ad.i-N

Span. Unachica bonita Art-N-Ad.i malos Loschicos Art-N-Adj

chi-ka bo-ni-ta] [u-na

ma-los] fioschi-kos

more,you can easilyget but At first, it may be a bit confusing; as you practice phrases. remember, nounfirst before ad.iective. the Just used formingad.iectival to into two types according form to in can be categorized Ad.iectives Spanish regular neuter: & havemasculine and feminine, l. Regular Forms: -o, -o, -os, -as. Most adjectives is singular and pluralforms:the suffixto showmasculinity -o, while the suffixto to showfemininityis -a. An -s is added the vowel at the end of the word to form t h ep l u r a l . Ex. Un bolsolargo nueva Unamesa Dosbolsos largos Dosmesas nuevas lar-go] [unbol-so me-sa nwe-va] [u-na lar-gos] [dosbol-sos me-sas new-vas] [dos 'a newbag' 'a newtable' 'two new bags' 'two newtables'

havingthis fbrm usuallyend in an -e, in -ista,or in a 2. Neuter Forms. Adjectives and form. They usethe sameform for both masculine in consonant the singular forms.To form the plural,addan -5'or-es. feminine Ex. 'an interesting book' Un libro interesante Iun lib-roin-te-re-san-te] 'a difficultwork' di-fi-sil] ob-ra Unaobradificil [u-na
'the interesting books' lib-ros in-te-re-san-tes] Los libros interesantes[os 'the difficult works' Los obrasdificiles [los ob-rasdi-fi-si-les] The classifrcationsbelow, on the other hand, are according to the common in they provide.Studythem well and learnto describe Spanish: descriptions as aside from pluralizers, l. Cardinal Numbers. Thesemay be usedas adjectives, they describethe quantity of certainnouns. (Refer back to page20, Day 3 for the charl of Spanishcardinalnumbers) Notes: as Numbers such as 1999 must be expressed mil novecienlosnovenlay nueve as (not 'nineteen hundredninety-nine' somepeopleoften say). Numbersending in uno'one' have fbrnininesingularforms when used with y Ibmininenouns:veinley una mujeres'21 wives', cincuenta una piedras'51 stones'. mill6n'million' and a noun beingcounted: de The preposition is usedbetween un mill6n de d6lares'l millions inhabitants'. In writing out Spanish numerals,commas are used in place of periods, and to periodsare usedin placeof commas:L240,5 (is equivalent I ,240.5). million dollars', cien millones de habitanles'100

occurs in indicate order whichsomething the These adjectives OrdinalNumbers.

(first, second,etc). Rememberthat they also agreewith the nouns being modified in terms of genderand number,and that they occur before the nouns,not after. Name l't 2'u 3'o 4't' 5'n 6th 7".' 8u 9'h f Oth Ex. primero segundo tercero cuarto quinto sexto sdptimo octavo noveno ddcimo PronounceIt! [pri-rnc-ro] [se-gun-do] [ter{he-rol [kwar-to] [kin-to] [seks-to] [sep-ti-mo] [ok-ta-vo] [no-ve-no] [de-thi-rno] To Easily Remember From the word primary meaningfirst Close to English word second Use alliteration: third and tercero Cualro is 4, while cuarlo is 4'n 'fivefolds' From Latin quintus * Sx becomessex lrt From Latin septem'seven' 'eighth' From Latin octavus 'nine' From Latin novem 'ten' From Greek deka'my first class'

Mi primeraclase

kla-se] [mi pri-me-ra

El tercerp6rrafo Notes: -

par-ra-fo] [el ter-ther

'the third paragraph'

use the suffix -a. They are Feminineforms of the abovecardinalnumbers -s word. pluralized adding at theendof each by

The forms primer 'first' and lercer 'third' can be used beforemasculine n s i n g u l a ro u n s .

suchas FelipeII (readas'Felipethe second'), Whenusedas partof names, in hence, FelipeSegundo. the word the is nottranslated Spanish;

the or 3. Nationality. Thesewordsstate nationality placeof origin.Keep in mind while the -a form is thatthe baseform (withoutsufllx) and-o form is masculine, Theirpluralformsarecreated adding-r'or -er. by thefeminine counterpart. Espaflol Aleman
Mexicano Argentino

[es-pa-nyol] Espafrola [a-le-man] Alemana

[me-hi-ka-no]Mexicana [ar-khenti-no]Argetina

[es-pa-nyo-la] [a-le-ma-na]
[me-hi-ka-na] [ar-khen-ti-na]

'Spanish' 'German'
'Mexican' 'Argentinian'

Italiano Brasilefio Egipcio Suizo Inglds Franc6s Japonds Holand6s Portuguds Indon6s Filipino

Ii-tal-ya-na] [i-tal-ya-no] Italiana [bra-si-le-nyo]Brasilefla [bra-si-le-nya] [e-hip-thia] [e-hip-thio] Egipcia Suiza [swi-za] [swi-zo] fing-gle-sa] [ing-gles] Inglesa Francesa [1'ran-the-sa] [fran-thes] Japonesa [ha-po-ne-sa] [ha-po-nes] fo-lan-desl Holandesa [o-lan-de-sa] Iportu-ges] Portuguesa Ipor-tu-ge-sa] [in-do-ne-sa] [in-do-nes] Indonesa [fi-li-pi-na] [fi-li-pi-no] Filipina

However, there are Spanish adjectivesof nationality that do not have unique fbrms. Thesearc the words that end in -ensesuch as: f-eminine

idense Estadosun Canadiense Ex.

i-den-se] Ies-ta-dos-u-n [ka-na-dyen-se]

'American' 'Canadian'

'a Spanish book' un libroEspafrol [un lib-roes-pa-nyol] 'a Spanish work' es-pa-nyo-la] ob-ra unaobraespafrola [u-na books' es-pa-nyo-les] 'two Spanish espafroles doslibros [doslib-ros 'two Spanish works' es-pa-nyo-las] espafrolasIdosob-ras dosobras

nouns,cspecially to 4. DcscriptiveAdjectives.Theseare wordsyou r.lsr: describe Theyagree to whenyou wantyour listeners picturcout whatyou'retalkingabout. afterthe and appear and gender, with the nounsthey modify in termsof number nouns.
Alto Largo Grande Gordo Esbelto Bonito Rico Bi6n R6pido Caro Viejo [al-to] [ar-go] [gran-de] [gor-do] [es-bel+o] [bo-ni-to] [ri-ko] [byen] [ra-pi-do] [ka-ro] [vye-ho] 'high, tall' 'long' 'large' 'fbt' 'slender' 'beautif ul' 'rich' 'good' 'fast' 'expensive' 'old' Bajo Corto Pequefio Delgado Sexy F-eo Pobre Mal Lento Barato Joven

[ba-hol [kor-to] [pe-ke-nyo] [del-ga-do] [se-hi] [fe-yo] [pob-re] [mal] [en-to] [ba-ra-to] [ho-ven]

'low, 'short' 'small' 'thin' 'sexy' 'ugly' 'poor' 'bad' 'slow' 'cheap' 'young'

to Adjectivesthat ref-er color are listed below:

Negro Azul Amarillo Naranja Morado Moreno

[neg-ro]

'black' ' b lu e ' Ia-zul] 'yellow' [a-ma-ri-lyo] 'orange' [na-ran-ha] 'purple' [mo-ra-do] 'dark' [mo-re-no]

Blanco Rojo Verde Rosa Marr6n Claro

[blan-ko] [ro-ho] [ver-de] [ro-sa] [mar-ron] [kla-ro]

'white' 'red' 'green' 'pink' 'brown' 'light'

andfbodarelistedbelow: that Adjectives referto taste Dulce Amargo Delicioso Caliente Insipido 'sweet' [dul-the] 'bitter' [a-mar-go] 'delicious' [de-li-thyo-so] 'hot' [kal-yen-te] 'tasteless' [in-si-pi-do] Agrio Salado Picante Frio [ag-ri-yo] [sa-la-do] [pi-kan{e] [fri-yo] 'sour' 'salty' 'spicy' 'cold'

and Adjectives.The possessive demonstrative and Demonstrative 5. Possessive when adjectives can earlicr thiscourse be considered in pronouns havestudied we of as theyfunction modifiers nouns. pronouns) (Refer pages to 28, Day 4 for thechartof Spanish 27 to theymodify,similarto the way theyare before nouns the These corne adjectives house,' a.sos coche :;'those cars' mi in used English: co,sct'my

DAY 6: with Prepositions Phrases Making Longerand Complete

Generally, of usage prepositions. the neglect proper never learners should Spanish questions "Wheredo you live?"or "Whenwill you comeover?" like whenyou answer themwith "l live at ..." or "l will come starting sentences, you don'treplywith complete tO are overafter..." Normally,"atSta.RosaSt.,"or "afterI flnisheating"replies enough questions. such answer to is of correctusage prepositions necessary learnin orderto be ableto Hence, sentences. accurate or and instructions, simply create give directions properly, respond function as words that connect other words or phrascs,and crcate Prepositions prepositions. a has Spanish perhaps f'ewdozen them.Like English, between relationships examples: basic alongwith some ones the tist Thefollowing shows mostcommon Prepositions
u

Meaning
ttot tatt

Examples u la ciudud u las lra,sy meclia a pie antes de dormirme

Translations 'to thecity' ' a t3 : 3 0 ' 'by foot'

'beforegoing to sleep'

Iah]
anles de [an-tesde] ba.jo Iba-ho] cerca de [ther-kade]
c0n

'by meansof'before'

'under'
'ngar'

bajo la mesa

' u n d e t h et a b l e ' r
'nearthe table'

cerca de la mesa.

'with' 'against' 'of

con il
contra la huelga de papel

' w i t hh i m ' 'asainst strike' the ofpaper' from New York' c a ro f J o h n ' o r car' John's

Ikon]
contra Ikon{ra] de

ldel

'from' possessionde Nueva York

coche de Juan

delante de de] [de-lan-te dentro de [den-trode] de,sde Ides-de] de de,spue,s de] [des-pwes cletrris de [de-trasde]
duranle

'in frontofl 'inside'

'since' 'from' 'after'

delunte de la casa dentro de la jaula.

'in frontof thehouse'

'insidethe case' 'sinceyesterday' 'from the car'

desde ayer desde el carro despuds de la clase

'afterclass' 'behind table' the

'during the class'

'behind'
'during'

dctrds de la me:;a

durante la clase

Idurante]
en
t in'

lenl
encimo de de] [en-thi-ma enfrenle de de] [en-fren-te cnlre Ien-tre]

tont

en Nueva York en lu mesa encima de la casa

'in New York' 'on thetable' 'on top of thehouse'

'on top of
'in front of 'between'

'in front of the table' enfrente de lo me.ga 'betweenthe table and the sofa' 'outsideof the house' 'towards the school'

entre la mesuy el sofa fuera de la casa haciu la escuela

fuera de [few-rade]
hacia Ia-thi-ya] hasla Ias-ta] para Ipa-ra] p0r

'outside of
'towards

'until 'for' 'in order to'

'for' 'by' 'according to'

hasta las seis

' u n t i l6 : 0 0 ' 'for you (formal)' 'in order berich' to 'for themeal' 'by Juan'
'according to the newspapers'

pora usted puru ser rico por la comida por Juan

Ipor]
.tegun Ise-gun] sin [sin] sobre

segrtnel peri\dico sin il

sobre la.silla. sobre el presidente.

'without'
'over' 'about'

'withouthim'
'over the chair' 'about the president'

Isob-re]

DAY 7: Verbs Introductionto Spanish

topicsin Spanish. complicated the are verbs among most,if notthemost, Spanish program, next4 dayswill the of halfthe session thistraining Thatis why afterfinishing verbs.This is the frrst of our 4-daytraining session be allottedin studyingSpanish verbs. regarding Spanish are language divided into 3 First,you needto know that verbsin the Spanish Let's call themthe AR verbs,theER verbs,andthe IR verbs.The two-letter categories. of or sounds syllables theverbsin Spanish. groups actually ending the are names these of for Aside from that, these verbs are coniugated number,person,and tense. (original)fbrrnof the on sr.rfflxes the base of is Conjugation the process addingpatterned to on verb to show differences certaincriteria.Verbs belonging the samegroup are way to make Hence, thereis no better afflxes. way - theyusethe same inflected same the these "patterns." fun conjugations andeasyto learnthanto simplyrnemorize of We will discussthe conjugations these verbs on the next days aheadon tensetomorrow. pasttensethe day aftertomorrow, of conjugation verbson present you the andon futuretense day afterthat.For now, let me introduce to the threegroups about. verbs thatI'm talking of Spanish

AR Verbs you The verbs writtenbelowend in -ar.ln conjugating, will takeoff this ending try suffixes.Meanwhile, to familiarizeyourselffirst with the and add the appropriate differentverbsbelow. Creativethoughts(note that they ore not the actual meaningof

purposes only) areprovided you can easily so the wordsand arefor memorization
them with their English counterparts. associate Verb Aceptar Acompafiar Say It! Meaning To Easily Remember Acaptar is to accept arrest.

[ak-sep-tar] to accept [a-kom-panyarl

to accompanyAcompafiar is to accompany a rebel.

Aconsejar

to [a-kon-se-har] advise

Aconsejrtris to advise a convicted,sedated harasser. Arreglar is to arrange an array of irregular shapes and otherthings. Ayudar is to help a youthful darling. Bailar is a dancing bailar-ina. Ba.jaris bad harry going down. Borrar is to erasethe board arrogantly. Caminar is a walking camel in a road. Cantar is to sing a country and R&B song.

Arreglar

[ar-reg-lar]

to arrange

Ayudar Bailar Bajar Borrar Caminar Cantar Celebrar Cenar

[a-yu-dar] [bay-lar] [ba-har] [bor-rar] [ka-mi-nar] [kantar]

to hclp to dance to go down to erase to walk to sing

[the-leb-rar] to celebrate Celebrar is to celebrate and rave. [the-nar] to eat dinner Cenar is to eat celery, nans,and raisin for dinner. to cook to buy Cocinar is to cook cocoa in a red pot. Comprar is to buy a computer and radio with recorder. Contestaris the answer of contestantsin a rivalry. Cortar is a cut corsageshapedlike a star. Dejar is a leaving deaf jargonist.

Cocinar Comprar

fkothi-nar] [kom-prar]

Contestar

[kon-tes-tar] to answer

Cortar Dejar

[kor-tar] [de-har]

to cut to leave

Desear

[de-se-yar] to wish [em-pu-khar]to push [en-trar] to enter

is Desear to wish upona dazzling, star. seasonal enchanted, Empuiaris to push an emptypucejar. Enlrar is to enter a rocky road. is Escuchur to listenfiom an escalated your say on cubicle whatpeople about character. in Esludiaris a (e)student a room studying. Firmar is to sign firmly usinga red ink.

Empujar Entrar Escuchar

[es-ku-char] to listen

Estudiar Firmar Ganar

[es-tu-dyar] to study [fir-mar] [ga-nar] to sign

but to win, earn Gonaris winning anything a gallonof narcotics. to spend Gaslaris whenyou gaspt(e)arfullybecause too you you realized havespent tnuch. Gritar. when you greeta rock band of memberin a conceft,you shout becaue theloudenvironment. llablur is to speakaboutlarge andsrnall under sun. the topics Invituris to invite a rock bandto a party. Llamaris to call a closefriendandsay, I'll "Comeoverbecause makea yam with for margarine you.' wearingvarbie(barbie) Llevuris a lyepard clothes. crying to you, Llorar. Whena friendcomes by yor "l'll punish (your)enemy say, a r r e s t i nh i m ! " g Mandaris to senda mandatoryrule. at is to look at yourself the mirrar lliyr (mrrror).

Gastar

[gas-tar]

Gritar

[gri+ar]

to shout

Hablar

[ab-lar]

to speak

Invitar Llamar

[in-vi-tar] !ya-mar]

to invite to call

Llevar

[ye-var]

to wear

Llorar

[yo-rar]

to cry

Mandar Mirar

[man-dar] [mi-rar]

to send to look at

Nadar
Necesitar

[na-dar]

to swim

Nadar to swimnaked thedark. is in

Necesitar.When it's a necessityand requirement, a need. it's Parar is to stop and park along the road.

need [ne-the-thi-tar]to

Parar Pasar

[pa-rar] [pa-sar]

to stop

by to spendtitne Pasar is to spend time before it passes a w h o l ey e a rr o u n d . to skate Patinar is a skating parrot with tiny little arms. Pintar is to paint usinga pint of aerosol. Preguntar is to ask a pregnantwoman how she understands tarantism. Preparar is to prepare a rice bowl. Presenlaris to present a ribbon for the best students. Quitar is to quit bumming around and take off. Regresaris to return because you regret saying farewell to a friend. Saludar is to greet and salute da (the) referee. Terminar is terminating a bad routine. Tirar is to throw the left-over tiramisu that's rotten. Tocar is playing the triangle,oboe,cello, and guitar. Tomar is to take in a tomato and radish juice at the sametime. Trabajar is to work using a truck, bus, car. Usar is to use the USA Robotics.

Patinar

[pa-ti-nar]

Pintar Preguntar

[pin-tar]

to paint

[pre-gun{ar] to ask

Preparar Presentar

[pre-pa-rar]

to prepare

[pre-sen-tar] to present

Quitar

[ki-tar]

to take off

Regresar

[re-gre-sar]

to return

Saludar

[sa-lu-dar]

to greet

Terminar Tirar

[ter-mi-nar] [ti-rar]

to end to throw

Tocar

[to-kar]

to play

Tomar

[to-mar]

to take in

Trabajar Usar

[tra-ba-khar] to work [u-sar] to use

ER Verbs Verbs belonging to this category have -er endingsthat are to be taken off when Here are some of the ER verbsthat you will soon be able to conjugate.Make conjugated. useof the creativethoughtsin order to farniliarizethem well Verb Aprender Say It! Meaning To Easily Remember Aprcnder is to learn how the l2 apostles to rendered services manYPeoPle. Barrer is to sweep dust off the barrel and container. l]ebar is to drink any kind of beberage (beverage).

[a-pren-der] to learn

Barrer

[bar-rer]

to sweep

Beber

[be-ber]

to drink

Comer

[ko-mer]

to eat

Comer is to ask someoneto come here and eat.

is C'omprender a computer that renders Comprender [kom-pren-der]to understand I usefir i n forrnation.understand? Correr [kor-rer] to run Correr is a running corpse with a rcd ribbon on the head. Deber is to have to deliver beret for the cadcts. Leer is Bruce Lee with a newspaper' reading.

Deber

[de-ber]

to have to

Leer

|e-er]

to read

Meter Prender

[me-ter] [pren-der]

to put, insert Malcr is to put a metal inside its container. to catch Prender is a police rendering a rnissionby catchingthievesand criminals. you Romper.Ever broken a vase because romped around? Temeris to fear ten mermaids.

Romper

[rom-per]

to break

Temer

[te-mer]

to f'ear

Toser

[to-ser]

to cough

Toseris a coughingtoddlerdueto serious i Il n e s s . Vender.lt's vendorwith an e! a

Vender

[ven-der]

to sell

lR Verbs -ir) are much fewer than the The IR verbsbelow (as they end in the segment previous you othergroups. However, theyshould givenequalattention, be because will be using themasyou go alongwith thelesson. Verb Abrir Afradir SayIt! [ab-rir] [a-nya-dir] Meaning to open to add To EasilyRemember Abrir is to opena briefcase the room. in Afiadir is to add shame an honorable to man yacking about (deer) dir hunting. Asisliris theattendant who assists the in reception.

Asistir

[a-sistir]

to attend

Describir Discutir Escribir

clearly. [des-kri-bir] to describe Desuibir is to describe [dis-kutir] [es-kri-bir] to discuss to write Discutiris to discuss tiring measures. Escribiris to write an essay about crib in a theroom.

Interrumpir [in-ter-rum-pir] interrupt Interuumpir to interrupt a mantalking to is pir (peer) about pressures. Ocurrir Partir [o-kur-rir] [par-tir] to occur to leave Occuriris an event occurringin Rome. Partir is to leave parti (party)by walking a out of the room. Recibiris to recib (receive) international reward. Subiris to go up from the subwayandinto themainroad.

Recibir

[re-thi-bir]

to receive

Subir

[su-bir]

to go up

Sufrir Vivir

Isuf-rir] [vi-vir]

to suffer to live

Sufrir is to suffbrfrom ridiculeandrant' Vivir is to live vividly in the rural andurban of areas the world.

DAY 8:
Conjugating Verbs to Present Tense It's the 8'nday! Were you able to familiarizeyourselfwith the differentverbsin Spanish?The three endings of the verbs that you have learned in Day 7 are important you because they will becomethe basisof the conjugations are going to learnforthe next few days. It was mentionedearlier that conjugationis actually the processof inflecting (adding sufflxes to show differencesin certain criteria such as number, gender,and/or tense)verbs in a set of patterns.In Spanish,when you conjugateverbs, you remove the endings(-or.-er. and -ir) of the verbsand then replacethem with the patterncd afflxes. For this day, you will learnhow to coniugate verbsto show current,general, and habitualactions.Hence,the lesson today will includeconjugation prcsent on and present progressive tenses.

Regular Forms When verbsare in the regularform, it can be coniugated by: a. Removingthe endings(-ar, -cr. -ir). b. Attachingthe following suffixes(writtenin bold letters): In the table below, take note that even without the subject pronouns, the verbs can standalone sincethe personand number are already inheritedin the conjugated suffixes they use. For example, you can say hablo Espafiol (without the pronoun yo) and still mean'l speakSpanish.'

Yo

-AR Verbs Ex. Hablar (to sneak) Hablo la-blol

-ER Verbs Ex. Comer(to eat) Como lko-mol

-IR Verbs Ex.Vivir (to live) Vivo lvi-vol

Tu

I speak' Hablas Ia-blas] 'You speak'

'l eat'

live

Comes Iko-mes] 'You eat' Come Iko-me] 'You eat' (formal) 'He / She/ It eats' Comemos Iko-me-mos] 'We eat' Com6is Iko-rne-is] 'You (all)eat'
Comen Iko-rnen]

Vives Ivi-ves] 'Youlive' Vive Ivi-vel 'Youlive'(formal) ' H e/ S h e I t L i v e s ' / Vivimos [vi-vi-mos] ' W el i v e ' Viv6is [vi-vc-is] ' Y o u ( a l l )l i v e ' Viven Ivi-ven] 'You all live' (lbrmal) ' T h e vl i v e '

El i Ella / Usted

Habla Ia-bla] 'You speak'(formal) 'He / She/ lt speaks' Hablamos [a-bla-mos] 'We speak'
Habl6is

Nosotros

Vosotros

[a-bla-is] 'You (all) speak'

Ellos/ Ellas/ Usteded

Hablan Ia-blan]

'You (all)speak' (fbrmal) ' Y o u a l l c a t ' ( f o r m a l ) 'Thev eat' 'Thevspeak'

betweenthe ER and IR verbs To Easily Remember: Note that the only diff-erence fbrrn. in forming the presenttenseis the no,volro.r work for all regularverbs in Spanish.So how do you know if a Thesepatterns Readon. verb is regularor irregular?

Irregular Forms Verbs under this categorydo not exactly fbllow the above pattern;or if they do, in thereare still changes the spellingof their stem(the part of the verb without the suflix) as they form the presenttense. Irregular fonns, or the exceptionsto the rules, usually cannot be distinguished perfectly.Therefore,you have to exerl extra effbrt to memorizeand get familiar with the way they fbrm their presenttense.This is no different from having to memorize that the

plural mouse miceandnot mou:ise, thatthe pasttense singis sangandnot of is or of

singed,likeany otherregularverbsin English. I . Irregular Stems. These verbs use the same endings as the regular verbs. What rnade them irregular are the changestheir stems undergo. [{ence, rememberto still identify their endingsand use the regular conjugationpatterns, but don't

forget change to theirspellings by: -e a. Replacing by -ie Ex. l Q u e r e r ' t oi k e ' Yo quiero Tu quleres quiere El/Ella/Usted queremos Nosotros quer6is Vosotros las/Uds uicron q Ellos/El Otherverbsof this fbrm:
Defender'to def-end' Empezar'to start' Perderotolose' 'to Pensar think' 'to feel' Sentir 'to Divertir(se) havea good time' Notes: Notice that these verbs have changesin all personsexcept nosotros (we) and vosolros (you all). With verb stems having two or more syllables with both -e, the 2nd syllablewith the -e undergoes change. the 'to Despertar(se) wake up' 'to understand' Entender 'to Sentar(se) sit, settle' 'to Recomender recommend' 'to prefer' Preferir Mentir'to lie'

Cerrar'toclose' Yo cierro Tu cierras EllElla/Usted cierra Nosotros cerramos Vosotros cerriiis Ellos/El las/Uds cierron

-o b. Replacing by -ue Ex. V o l v e r ' t ot u r n '

A l m o r z a r ' t oe a tl u n c h '

Yo vzelvo Tu vaelves d El/Ella/Ustevuelve volvemos Nosotros volvdis Vosotros vzelvon Ellos/Ellas/Uds of Otherverbs thisfbrm: 'to Acostar(se) lie down' cost' Costar'to 'to Encontrar encounter' D o n n i r ' t os l e e p '

Yo almuerzo Tu almuerzas almuerza E,l/Ella/Usted almorzamos Nosotros almorzdis Vosotros almzsrzon Ellos/Ellas/Uds

Contar'tocount' 'to Demonstrar demonstrate' 'to Recordar record' M o r i r ' t od i e '

- Nosolros vosolros fbrmsarestill unchanged' and -e c. Replacing by -i Ex. Pedir'toaskfbr,request' Yo pido To pides pide El/Ella/Usted pedimos Nosotros ped6is Vosotros piden los/Uds ElIlos/El
Other verbs of this form: Repetir'to repeat' 'to Vestir(se) get dressed'

Servir'toserve' Yo sirvo Tu sirves sirve El/Ella/Usted servimos Nosotros serv6is Vosotros sirven las/Uds los/El El

Nosotrosand vosolrostbrms are still unchanged.

Z. l't Person lrregularity. Verbs having this irregularity use the pattern of the endings of the regular forms but the I't person singular (yo) undergoessome Theseinclude: changes. a. The -go form. Ex. Caer'to fall' Yo caigo'l fall' Salir'to go out' Salgo'lgo out' H a c e r ' t od o ' Yo hago'ldo' Traer'to bring' T r a i g o ' l b r i n g. . ' ' P o n e r ' t op u t ' Yo pongo'l put' Valer'to be worth' Valgo'lworth "''

Notes: Some verbs do not.just use the suffix -go to form the presenttenseof the l" personsingular,but also add other letterslike lllor /i/ so as not to make the words soundbad. All other persons(2nd, and plural persons) 3'd, use the regularpattern.

b. The -oy form. Ex. Ir'to go' Voy'l go' Dar'to give' Doy'l give'

c. The -guir verbs. In the l" personsingular form, -guo becomes-go only Ex. Dinstinguir'todistinguish' ' Y o d i s t i n g o l d i s t i n g u i s h. . ' .

d. The -ger / -gir verbs. Theseverbschangethe ger or -gir to a -jo. Ex. E,scoger'to choose' Coger'to get' 'l choose' Yo cojo 'l get' Yo escojo Exigir 'to demand' Yo exijo 'l demand'

'to Recoger'topick up' Proteger protect' Yo recojo'l pickup' Yo protejo'l protect...'

Ser vs. Estar The verbs ser and eslar are the be-verbs of Spanish.They are conjugatedas follows:

Yo Tu El/Ella/Usted Nosotros Vosotros Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes

SER (to be) Sov[sovl

Eres [e-resl

ESTAR (to be)

Eslov les-tov.l

Estri^s les-tasl Estd les-tal Estamos Ies-ta-mosl Estais[es-ta-isl Estdn[es-tan]

Es [es]
Somo.s [so-mosl

'you are' (formal) 'he/ she/it is'

'we

'l am' 'vou are'

,Sols [so-isl Sor [son]

'you (all)are' 'you (all) are' (formal) 'theyare'

are'

Why does beena topicof confusion. verbshasalways of This subtopic Spanish To have2formsof theverb'to be'?Whendo we useseror cslar? language the Spanish of the we clarifythis issue, havelisted uses eachverbbelow' of Uses ser: prof-ession, nationality. and one'sself in termsof name, To introduce SoyMaria. 6EsAlemana? estudiantes. Somos
To show possession. Esde Miguel Son de las vecinas ' M i g u e l ' s 'o r ' o f M i g u e l ' [ e sd e m i - g e l ] or neighbors' [son de las vc-thi-nas]'the 'of the neishbors'

'l am Maria.' Isoyma-ri-ya] 'Are you German?' (forrnal) [esa-le-rnan] 'We arestudents.' es-tu-dyan-tes] Iso-mos

To show what materiala cerlainthing is made of-. 'The skirt is (madeof) silk.' La faldaes de seda [la fal-daes de se-da] 'Their houses arc son de mar-mol] son de marmol.[suska-sas Suscasas (madeot) marble.' that changesgradually or doesn't To describea noun accordingto a characteristic size,length,religion,color,etc.). at change all (i.e. personality,

Es inteligente
Madrid es grande.

'He is intelligent.' [esin-re-li-khente] 'Madrid

es [rnad-rid gran-de]

;Soiscat6licos? Rosas rojos. son El esmuy serio

-

'Are you [so-iska-to-li-kos] 'Roses (all) Catholic? arered.' son [ro-sas ro-khos] 'He is veryserious.' [el esmuy ser-yo]

is big.'

To expresstime, dates,and days of thc week. Son las nueve. Es el cuarto de mayo. 'lt's 9 o'clock" [son las nwe-ve] 'lt's the 4thof May" [es el kwar-to de ma-yo]

E,s viernes. of Uses eslar: -

[esvyer-nes]

'lt's Friday.'

or it (notorigin),whether is temporary permanent. or location position To state

Yo estoy en un mercado. [yo es-toyen un mer-ka-do] 'l am in a market.' -

Manila estd en la Filipinas. [ma-ni-laes-taen la fi-li-pi-nas] 'Manila is in the Philippines.'

To describea noun accordingto a condition or feeling that is temporary or can changeimmediately.

'l'm tired.' Estoy kan-sa-do] cansado. [es-toy 'The dooris closed.' La puerta estiicerrada. fla pwer-ta es-ta ther-ra-dho] Progressive Present Form
Another use of the verb esturis to fbrm the presentprogressive form of the verbs in Spanish. the Englishlanguage, present In progressive recognized the useof a the is by be-verband the -ing form of anotherverb. Examplesinclude: is cooking, are eating. am playing, etc. This verb form falls under the presentcondition of the verb sincethe action is beingdoneon the samemomentthe thoughtis beingexpressed. So how do we form the present progressivein Spanish? Like what we have mentioned above,wewill be usingeslarasthe be-verb. Englishhas its -ingform of the If verb, Spanish has -ando and -iendo as its counterparts. Hence, present progressivein Spanish fonnedaccording the following: is to l. The subjectshouldagreewith the conjugated form of the verb estar. Ex. Maria is eating. Subject:Maria, 3'o personsingular) Estd I am waiting. Subject:l. l't personsingular)

Estoy

2. Remove the endings of the infinitive action verbs, and replace them with -ando for -ar verbs and -iendo for both -er and -rr verbs. Comer 'to eat' ) Comiendo'eating'

'waiting' wait' ) Esperando Esperar'to verb is: estar* -ando/-iendo' form of Spanish progressive present 3. Therefore, Maria estdcomiendo. ko-myen-do] es-ta [ma-ri-ya 'Mariais eating.' Yo estoyesperando' es-pe-ran-do] [yo es-toy 'l am waiting''

DAY 9:
Conjugating Verbs to PastTenseand Past Participle
After learningcon-iugation Spanishverbs to presenttense,we now move on to of coniugating them in the past tense.In doing everydayconversations, cannot avoid we talking about somethingthat has already happened some time ago - may it be last week, yesterday, evenjust a few seconds or ago. Hence,included in learningthis courseis how to express eventsin the past. Preterite (read as [pre-te-rit]) is the term used in Spanishthat speaksabout the past.To form this tense,there is again a needfor conjugation.

Regular Forms Regularverbsform their pastby, again,havingto omit their infinitiveendings and replacing them with the following suffixes:

-AR Verbs Ex. Hablar(to speak) Yo Tu El/Ella/Usted Nosotros Vosotros Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes

Habl6[a-ble]

Hablaste Ia-blas-te] Habl6[a-blo] Hablamos [a-bla-mos] Hablasteis Ia-blaste-is]

Hablaron [ab-la-ron]

-ER and -IR Verbs Ex. Comer(to eat) (to Escribir write) Comf[ko-mi] Escribi [es-kri-bil Comiste[ko-mis-te] Escribiste Ies-kri-bis-tel Comi6[kom-yoI Escribi6 [es-krib-vol Comimos [ko-mi-mos] Escribimos Ies-kri-bi-mosl Comisteis is-te-is [ko-m -bi Escribisteis les-kri s-te-sl
Comieron [ko-mye-ron] Escribieron [es-kri-bve-ron l

Notice that from the above table, the conjugation of -er and -ir verbs for the preterite is the same. Also, rememberthat the vowels with the accent mark on top of

by You shouldbe able to interpret now the on them signify an emphasis the syllable. 'l 'l so for'l spoke,' ate,' wrote,'and on. givenabove. Theystand examples

IrregularForms verbsthat don't complyexactly thereare alsoSpanish In formingthe pasttense, verbshavetheirown form in oneor moreof the pattern endings. These of with the above forms. to persons, whichis why theybelong theirregular L lrregular AR Verbs. Verbs endingin -cor, -gar, and -zar has a different I't as form, but carrythe sameendings the regularverbsfor the rest person singular of theirforms. -quein the lst person form. singular a. -car.Uses Ex. 'to Sacar takeout' 'l Saqu6 [sa-ke] tookout' Tocar'to play' Toqu6[to-ke]'l played' 'to Explicar explain' 'l Expliqu6 [eks-pli-ke] explained' 'to Buscar look for' 'l fbr' Busqu6 [bus-ke] lookcd

practice' Practicar'to Indicar'toindicate' 'l 'l indicated' Practiqu6 Indique [prak-ti-ke] practiced' [in-di-ke] -guein the l" person fbrm. singr.rlar b. -gar. Uses Ex. 'to Pagar paY' Llegar'to arrive' 'l Llegu6[ye-ge]'l arrived' Pagu6 [pa-ge] paid' 'to Pegar glue' 'l Pegu6 [pe-ge] glued' p Jugar'to lay' 'l Jugu6 [hu-ge] played' fbrm. singular c. -zar.Uses-ce in the l" person Ex. Lanzar'tothrow' Cruzar'tocross' 'l crossed' Lanc6 threw... Cruc6 [lan-the]'l [kru-the] Apagar'to Putout' 'l Apagu6 [a-pa-ge] putout'

eat Almorzar'to breakfast'

'l Almorc6[al-rnor-the] atebreakfast' endingsof the regular 2. Irregular IR Verbs. Theseverbsfollow the patterned particularly the 3'operson form changes the stem, in on spelling verbsbut undergo - bothsingular plural.These changes doneby: are and
a. Replacing -e by -i Ex. Servir'to serve' Pedir'to ask for'

Yo servf Tu serviste EllElla/Usted sirvi6 Nosotros servimos Vosotros servisteis sirvieron Ellos/Ellas/Uds Otherverbsof this fbrm: Repetir'to repeat' b. Replacing by -u <t Ex. D o r m i r ' t os l e e p ' Yo dormi Tu dormiste EllElla/Usted durmi6 Nosotros dormimos Vosotros dormisteis Ellos/Ellas/Uds durmieron

Yo pedi Tu pediste pidi6 EllElla/Usted pedimos Nosotros pedisteis Vosotros pidieron Ellos/Ellas/Uds

'to Preferir pref'er'

M o r i r' t o d i e ' Yo morf Tu moriste El/Ella/Usted muri6 Nosotros morimos Vosotros moristeis Ellos/Ellas/Uds murieron

3. Vcrbs with Double Vowels.Usually,when theseverbsare conjugated past to tense, they form segments can be readin two differentways,particularly that in the 3'" person form.To avoidconfusion pronunciation, in these verbschange the i6 Io -yo and-ieronto -yeronin the singular and plural forms of the 3'dperson, resoectivelv. Ex. Leer'toread' Construir'to construct'
, ^rd

Yo lei Tu leiste ley6 EllElla/Usted leimos Nosotros leisteis Vosotros leyeron las/Uds Ellos/El thisform: having Otherverbs Oir'to hear' b Creer'to elieve' c Concluir'to onclude' I n c l u i r ' t oi n c l u d e '

Yo construe Tu construiste construY6 EllEllalUsted construimos Nosotros leyeron Vosotros construyeron Ellos/Ellas/Uds

C a e r ' t of a l l ' possess' Poseer'to Huir'to run awayfiom' contribltte' Contribuir'to

theirspellings change this 4. Other lrregular Forms.Verbsdisplaying irregularity to those farther fiom the original,befbrc adding a different set of patterned In fbr as endings not the same the pattern thercgularverbs. otherwords,thereis are: verbs These endings. and bothin thestems in thc pattcrned a change
virzVenir'to come' bccotnes Poner'to put' becomespzl.s'to know' becomes sapSaber 'to be' becomes esluvE,star /avTener'to have' becomes 'to be able to' becomes pudPoder fticHacer'to make' becomes )

thenadd the following endings: -imos -e -iste -isteis -ieron -o

3'u pcrsonsingular forrn is hizo

'to say' becomes dllDecir prodttiProducir'to produce' becornes condu.iConducir'to lead' becomes lraduiTraducir'to translate'becomes

3'upersonplural lbrm, add: -eron

the 5. Ser'to be' and1r 'to go' are conjugated samein the pasttense.

Yo fui Tu fuiste fue El/Ella/Usted

fuimos Nosotros fuisteis Vosotros fueron las/Uds Ellos/El

'vouwas' or 'vou went.' either

wsnt,' Tu.fuiste mean can mean sitherolwas'0r'l can Forexample,yofui

DAY IO: Verbsto FutureTense Conjugating

you now know how to conjugateSpanishverbs to their past and presenttenses. It,s now time to learn how to conjugatethem to the future tense.That's why let's take this day to study the easiestand least complicatedtense in Spanishverbs to conjugate the future tense. We use the future tense or el tiempo .futuro to state actions not yet started, but not not characteristics yet attained,and/orachievements yet accomplished, to be done after some time from the present.In llnglish, the future can be expressedin two ways be by using the words will or shull andby the presentprogressive going /o. For example, "What are you going to do tomorrow morning?"your answercan be, "l will when asked, go to the market," or"l um going /o the market." Hence,we will be studying thcse ftlrrns with Spanishverbs.

Rcgular Forms liorn conjugatingto the past and thc Conjugatingverbs to tuture tenseis dill-erent you don't need to omit the infrnitive endingsof the verbs (-ar, -er, and present, because ir). You will immediately aflix the patternedendings that representthe future tense. endings are the SAME for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs. Hence, you only have These patterned to know and be familiar with one set of endings.Study the table below:

Yo Tu
El/Ella/Usted

-AR, -ER, -IR Verbs (to speak) Comer(to eat) Escribir(to write) Ex. Hablar Escribir6 Comer6 Hablar6 lab-la-rel lko-me-rel les-ktttltg] Escribiris Comerrls Hablarris lab-la-rasl [ko-me-ras] [es-!!tftq{
Hablar6 lab-la-ral Comerri [ko-me-ra] Escribirri [es-kri-bi-ra]

Nosotros
Vosotros
Bllos/Ellas/Usetdes

Hablaremos Comeremos Escribiremos lab-la-re-mosllko-me-re-mosl [es-kri-bi-re-mosl

Hablardis lab-la-re-isl Flablarrln lab-la-ranl

Escribir6is Comerdis lko-me-re-isl [es-kri-bi-re-isl

Comeriin [ko-me-ranl Escribirdn [es-kri-bi-ranl

'she will eat,' just take the infinitive verb comer then So, when you want to say add the suffix for 3'd person(-ri). You can use the pronounella to know that the one who will perfbrrnthe action is a girl: Ella comcrd. on Notice that accentsare present all forms exceptthe nosotros.

Irregular Forms Spanishverbs having this fbrm undergochangesin spelling,before having the patternedendings above attachedto thern when fonning the future tense. These verbs include: ponclr- beforeadding the endings(pondr6,pondris, Poner'to put, place' becomes pond16, pondremos,pondr6is,pondrrln) Tener Valer Poder Saber Hacer Salir Venir 'to have' 'to be worth' 'to be able to' 'to know' 'to make' 'to come out' 'to come' becornes tendrvaldrbecomes podrbecomes sabrbecomes ftarbecomes becomes saldrbecomes ndrve becomes cabrquerrbecomes dirbecomes

Endings Future for Tense -e -as

-a

-emos -eis
-an

Caber 'to fit'

Querer'to like' Decir 'to say'

Be-Going-To Form As mentionedearlier, anotherway of expressing tiempofuturo is by using the el 'be going to'form in English. Examples include "I em going to sing at the ceremony;

they are going to visit their relatives; and aren'l you going to buy theseflowers? "

progressive form of the verb go, these aboveuse the present Althoughthe statements in are yet actions to be done.Theseactions thosethat are expressed the infinitive state forms- to sing,to visit,andto buy. of language, worksthe sameway. The conjugation the verb this In the Spanish 'go'is usedin the present form of the otherverbthat is to be plusthe infinitive tense, usingthis form canstill created The is again, optional. sentence The subject, donelater. this fbrm can be scenas Hence,in Spanish, standcorrectlyeven without the subject. 'to go' anda is the of conjugation ir * a * infinitive form of anothcrverb, whereir is 'to' preposition in Spanish. vais, van, wherethe order voy,vus)va) vamo,s) as Ir 'to go' is conjugated fbllows'. to plural. Some examples guideyou arelisted 3'd singularto person is fromthe I't person below: Voy a nadaren la playa
'You are going to read a book.' Vas a leer un libro 'He is going to eat a cake.' El va a comer una tarta Vamos a dormir en un hotel.'Weare going to sleep in a hotel.' 'Are they going to arrest the boy?' iVan a arrestar el chico?

'l am goingto swim in thebeach.'

Keep in mind that when using this forr-nto expressthe future, what you need to about is the correct conjugationof the verb ir in really rememberand be knowledgeable with the infinitive verb as you won't the present tense.You shouldn'thaveany problems to do any changes it.

DAY11:
Forming Basic SpanishSentences
After being able to form words from the soundsyou have studied in the first few days of the course,you are now ready to arrangethesewords to creategrammaticaland sentences. Spanish sensible in Today, you will learn how to structurethe different kinds of basic sentences Spanish including declarative, interrogative (questions), imperative (requests and and negativesentences. commands),

Declarative Sentences that narrate,tell stories, and provide facts. are sentences Declarative sentences but you When usingthesetypesof sentences, don't ask or give commands, say something you know for a fact. in As you are alreadyfamiliar with the basic word categories Spanish nouns, and prepositions all that mattersnow is.iust the proper pronounsverbs, adjectives, Considerthe following sentence. of rearrangement thesewords to form a comprehensive in sentences Spanish: on discussion forming declarative l. It Sub.jectis optional in Spanish sentences. can always be omitted - especially when what is being talked about was already named - since the verb already of containsthe characteristics the subjectivenoun (gender,number,and person). Ex. Maria es una Espafiola.ftta Tiene 24 afios.

'Mariais a Spanish. is 24 years old.' She

can the a (doesn't require directobject), sentence be as Z. Whena verb is intransitive can The subject complete. shortas havinga nounanda verb;andyet it is already sentence. be so evenbe omitted, a verbalonecanalready a complete Ex. i(Nosotros)vivimos! ' W el i v e ! '

andcanbe omitted. are a inside parenthesis optional Note: Wordsor phrases fbllowsthe form (Subject)the 3. Whenthe verb to be usedis transitive, sentence noun. wheretheobjectis a Verb-Object, Ex. en las (Juany Maria) comieron munzanas la mesa. DirectOb.iect PreP V Subj 'Juan in andMariaatetheapples thetable.' (Yo)amoa li. Subj V DO ' l l o v ey o u . ' pronoun, orderof the sentence the an Whenthe directobjectbecomes objective (Subj ect-Verb. ect)-Obj becomes eliardin. (Ellos)los recogieron desde PrePosition V Sub.iDOP 'They (Juan fiorn the garden' and Maria)got them(theapples) (Yo)te amo. SubjDOP V ' I l o v ey o u ' They bothoccurafter objects. alwayscomebeforeindirect 4. Nominaldirectobjects the verb:Subject-Verb-DO-lO Ex. Juan da lasflores a mi. lO Subj V DO 'Juangivesthe f'lowers me.' to

the pronouns, they occurbetween become Whenboth directand indirectobjects pronounnow follows the subjectand the verb. In this form, the direct object Pronoun-Verb. Pronoun-DO Subject-lO indirect objectpronoun: ,Juanme las da. SubjIOP DOP V

'Juan gave them me.' to

5. Use prepositional phrases and adjectives to make your sentencesclear and precise. Ex. Nueslra casa grande est(ten la provincia. ' O u r b i g h o u s e s i n t h ep r o v i n c e . ' i Ellos van a la playa para nadando. 'They are going to the beachto swim.' Estoy leyendo un lihro sobre la democracia de nuestro pais. 'l am readinga book aboutthe democracy our country.' of La mujer viejo cruz6 el calle sin una compafiia. 'The old woman crossed street the withouta company.'

Interrogative Sentences So far, how did you find this course?Is it too complicated for you? ls it just a pieceof cake?Will you let me know if you're havingany trouble? The questions above are exarnplcsof interrogativesentences. These types of aim to ask, inquire, and seek informationfrom other people by the use of sentences questions.'lnterrogative'comes from the verb interrogatewhich means'to question thoroughly.' somebody

Now how do you form interrogative sentences Spanish? in First,recallthatthere we aretwo typesof questions dealwith everyday theyes-no andthe wh-questions. The former seeksfor only a yes or a no response, while the latter expects little more a infbrmation. wh-questions the wordswho,what,when,where, The uses how, andwhy Lo form questions. are luckythat interrogative We sentences Spanish almost in are similarto thatof English. Hence, withjust a few reminders, you'll be all setto askquestions using language. theSpanish

l.

Spanish's written language requires both an inverted (6) and normal question respectively. and endingof eachquestion, mark (?) at the beginning

2. The easiestway to form yes-no questionsis by increasingthe intonation of any sentence. declarative Ex. Vas a Madrid. 'You are going to Madrid.' iVas a Madrid? 'Are you going to Madrid?'

3. The Spanishlanguagedoesn'trequire auxiliary verbs the way that the English languagedoes to form yes-no questions.The same verb fbrms that are used in are declarativestatements the same fbrms used in questions.The only dilference prccedethe nouns. sentences is that the verbs in interrogative Ex. Maria visitara mafiana. ' M a r i a w i l l v i s i tt o m o r r o w . ' Roberto tiene que ir al banco. 'Roberto hasto go to the bank.' i.Visitara Maria mafiana'/ ' W i l l M a r i av i s i tt o m o r r o w ? ' i,Tiene que ir Roberto al bunco'/ i,Tieneque ir al banco Roberkt'? 'Does Robertohave to go to thc bank?' 'what,' por

in 4. Questionwords in English have counterparts Spanish,namely qut

'how,' cual 'which.' quiin qut 'why,' curintlo'when,' d(tnde'where,' c6mo 'who,' curinloor cucinla'how much,' and cudnlosor cuanlas'how many.' They sentence. usually appearat the beginningof each interrogative words. a 5. Generally, verb fbllows the question Ex. iQuidn escribira la carla'? W H V D O 'Who will write the letter?' i.Por qui.fue a la ciudad? WH V Preposition 'Why did he go to the city?'

estd 2Ddnde mi coche? WH V Subj

'Where is my car?'

Imperative Sentences lrnperative sentencesare actually verb moods used to give commands, either in or aff-irmative negative.Examplesof imperativestatements English include: say your name,go to bed early,don't run, turn-offthe lights,etc. lmperativesin Spanishcan be used fbr flve different grammatical people: for a farniliar listener(tu), a formal listener(usted),a group of people including your self (ustedes). (vosotros). (nosotros), and fbrmal listeners Ibmiliar listeners they have to undergo Since verbs are those that build imperativestatements, ugation.Hereare the rulesin forming imperatives: conf l. Forming the affirmative and negative imperative commands for usted, ustedes, and nosotros,and the negativeimperativecommandsfor tri and vosotrosdepends on the type of verbsto be used. a. Regular AR Verbs: Take the presenttenseof the verb and changethe -a

of the suffix to -e. Ex. Estudiar'to study' Tense Present Tu estudias estudia Usted estudiamos Nosotros Vosotros estudiais estudian Usdtedes Affirmative Negative no estudies no estudie no estudiemos no estudieis no estudien

estudie estudiemos estudien

the b. RegularER Verbs: Change -e of the suffixto -a. Ex. Beber'todrink'

Tense Present Tu bebes Ustedbebe bebemos Nosotros bebeis Vosotros beben Ustedes RegularIR Verbs: -

Affirmative

Negative no bebas no beba no bebatnos no bebais no beban

beba bebamos beban

the change -e ofthe sufflxto -a. and For tu, usted, ustedes, the change -i ofthe suffixto -a. For nosotros, the change -i ofthe suffixto -ui. For vosotros,

Ex.

A b r i r ' t oo p e n ' Tense Present Tu abres abre Usted abrimos Nosotros abris Vosotros abren Ustedes
Affirmative

Negative no abras no abra no abramos no abrais no abran

abra abramos abran

Note: endingsfbr ER and IR verbsare identical. Notice that the imperative

2. Afflrmative commands with tu and vosotrosare coniugateda bit difl'erentlybut the samefor AR, ER, and IR verbs: a. To form the affirmative imperativecommandof tu, take the presenttenseand drop the final -s.

Tu estudias Tu bebes Tu abres

estudia bebe abre

no estudies no bebas no abras

take the infinitive of command vosotros, imperative b. To form the affirmative as the andrepface final -r with a -rl. Let's takeesludiar an example. estudiais Vosotros
estudiad

no estudieis

bebeis Vosotros abris Vosotros

bebed abrid

nobebais noabrais

DAY 12: Phrases Situational Familiarizing

Congratulations!You have made it to the last day of our training. You have already learned the fundamentalsof basic Spanish from knowing its alphabet and to to Sounds, forming words and phrases, structuringdifferent sentences. this report and beganyour daily training meansthat The fact that you purchased peopleand their cultureat one yourselfto deal with Spanish-speaking you are preparing point in your life. ls that right? you can study further under Hence, below are tists of phrasesand sentences circumstances. d iff-erent

Asking for Directions lOiga porfavor! [oy-gapor fa-vor] 'Excuse e.' m '? i.Drinde estd ... [don-dees-ta...] ' W h e r ei s . . . ? ( t.Estd lejos? [es-tale-khos] ' ls it far?'

'? '? i,Puedoir andando'? i,Sava por uqui rt ... i,Cdmose va a ... va por a-ki a '..] [pwe-doir an-dan-do] [Se [ko-mo se va a ...] ' H o w t oI g e t t o . . ? ' ' l s t h i s t h e ? ' ' C a nI w a l k t h e r e ? ' r i g h w a yt o . . . t . lD6nde eslti el/lu ... mds pr(tximo(a)'/ [Don-dees-tael/la ... mas prok-si-mo(a)] 'Where is the nearest ?' ... 1Puede indicarme en el mapa'? en [pwe-dein-di-kar-me el ma-pa] 'Can you show me on the map?' Nos hemosperdido [nos e-mosper-di-do]

Eslamos buscando .'. bus-kan-do ] "' [es-ta-mos 'We're looking for . . .'

Giving Directions Tiene que dar la vuelta Sigatodo reclo rekto] [tye-ne ke dar la vwe[-ta] [si-gato-do 'Keep going straightahead' 'You have to turn round' Siga [si-ga] 'Keep going straighton'

Tuerza ... Itwer-za]

oTLrrn . . .'

A la derecha [a la de-re-cha] 'Right'

Sigu las sefialesde ... de [si-galas se-nya-les ... ] ' F o l l w t h es i s n s o r . . . ' f

a la izquierda [a la iz-kyer-da] 'Left'

Coja . . [ko-ha ... ] 'Take ...'

Reclo

Irek-to] 'Straight on'

La primeru calla a la derecha [a pri-me-raka-lye a la de-re-cha] 'The first streeton the risht'

La ,segundacalle a la izquirda ka-lye a la iz-kyer-da] [a se-gun-da 'The secondstreeton the left'

At the Airport por se Al ueropuerlo, favor 2,Como va al centro? por ay-ro-pwer-to fa-vor] [ko-moseva al then-tro] [al 'How do I getintotown?' 'To thc airport please'
7'D6nde.se .f'aclurapara ... ? se lak-tu-rapa-ra... ] [don-de ' W h e r ed o I c h e c ki n f o r . . . ? '

lCurinto es? es] [kwan-to 'How muchis it?'

T.Curile,sla puerla del vuelo para ... ? fkwal es la pwer-tadel vwe-lo pa-ra... 'Which gateis it for the flight to ... ?'

i,Ddnde se coje el autobuspara el centroi [don-dese ko-he el aw-to-buspa-rael then-tro] 'Where do I set the bus to the town center?

Know These Signs!

Llegadas Salidas

'Arrivals' Iye-ga-das] 'Depaftures' Isa-li-das] 'Baggage Recogida Equipaje de Reclaim' de [re-ko-hi-da e-kwi-pa-he] 'Flight' Vuelo Ivwe-lo] 'Delay' Retraso Ire-tra-so]

Checking in at Hotels 2Tiene una habitacion para esta noche'? ftye-neu-na a-bi-ta-thyones-tano-che] 'Do you have a room fbr tonight?' Querict vcr la habitacion [ke-ri-ya ver la a-bi-ta-thyon] por noche?' 2Cudnlo cuesta kwes-tapor no-che] [kwan-to 'How much is it per night?' iTiene algo mas barato? [tye-neal-go mas ba-rato]

'l'd like to seethe room'

'Do you have anything cheaper?'

i,Puededarme la llave, por favor'? Quiero una habitacion con tres camas [kye-ro u-na a-bi-ta-thyonkon tres ka-mas] [pwe-dedar-me la lya-ve por fa-vor] 'Can I have my key please?' 'l want a room with three beds' 2,Hayalgun mensajepara mi? [ay al-gun men-sa-jepa-ra mi] 'Are thereany messages me? for iMe lrae, porfctvor ... ? [me tra-epor fa-vor ... ] ' P l e a s e r i n gm e a . . . ' b Nos vamos mafiana [nos va-mos ma-nya-na] 'We're leavingtomorrow' Por favor, vuelva mas tarde fa-vor vwel-va mas tar-de] fpor 'Pleasecome back later' i,Pucdalinpiar ... ? l [ p w e - d ei m - p y a r . . .] ' C o u l dy o u c l e a nt h e . . . ? ' 2Me hace laJaclura, porJ'avor'? [me a-the la fak-tu-ra por fa-vor] 'Please prepare bill' the

Riding a Bus iD6nde esta lu eslacion de aulobus'? de [don-dees-tala es-ta-thyon aw-to-bus] 'Where is the bus station?' '/ 2Qut aulobusse cogepura ir a ... ... se [ke aw-to-bus co-he pa-rair a'/' ] 'Which bus do I take to go to . .. i,Cudndosale elultimo autobus'? [kwan-do sa-leel ul-ti-mo aw-to-bus] 'When is the lastbus?' '? i,Huy un aulobus que vaya ... ke [ay un aw-to-bus va-ya ... ] ' l s t h c r ea b u sg o i n gt o . . . ? ' '? 2 D(tnde se clge el autobuspara ... [don-dcse co-heel aw-to-buspa-ra... ] 'Where do I get busto . .. ?' 2,Medice cuando lengo que baiurme'? [me di-the kwan-do teng-go ke ba-har-me] 'Can you tell me when to get off?'

Know This Sign!

Parada Bus

bus] [pa-ra-da

'Bus Stop'

Riding the Train iD6nde esta la estacion? [don-dees-tala es-ta-thyon] 'Where is the station?'

porJavor A la estacion, por [a la es-ta-thyon fa-vor] 'To thestation, please'

Uno a ... [u-noa] 'A single o ...' t De primera klase [de pri-me-rakla-se] ' Ittclass' Quiero reservor ... ... fkye-rore-ser-var ] ' l w a n tt o b o o k . . . ' i,De qud unden sale? [de ke an-densa-le] 'Which platformdoesit leavefrom?

Dosa ...
[dos a] '2 singleto ...' s Fumador Ifu-ma-dor] 'Smoking' (Jn asienlo [un a-si-yen-to] oA seat' i,Es esteel lren para ... ? e f e s e s - t e l t r e np a - r a . . . ] 'ls t h e t r a i nf o r . . . ? ' this

a Unodeiday vuelta ,,.

[u-no de i-da ee vwel-taa] 'A return o ...' t No.fumador [no fu-mador] 'No smoking' Una litera Iu-na li-te-ra] 'A couchette' 7'Drindeesta la consigna? [don-dees-tala ko-sig-na] 'Where is the left luggage?

i,El tranparu ... salede esteandan? de an-den] ... [el trenpa-ra sa-le es-te 'Does trainto ... leave fromthisplatfbrm? the Know These Signs!
Talgo Despacho billetes de Informacion Salidas Llegadas Anden/Via Cercanias

i,Esta ocupado'? [es-tao-ku-pa-do] 'ls this seattaken?'

[tal-go] de [des-pa-cho bi-lye-tes] Iin-for-ma-thyon] Isa-li-das] Iye-ga-das] [anden] [vi-yal [ther-kan-yas]

'lntercity Express' 'Tickets' 'lnformation' 'Departures' 'Arrivals' 'Platform' 'LocalRailNetwork'

Hiring a Taxi A la ..., porfavor i,D6nclese cogen los tcnis? Porfavor, me pide un laxi pi-de un tak-si] [a la ... por fa-vor] [don-dese ko-hen los tak-sis][por fa-vor me 'To 'Please 'Where can I get a taxi?' orderme a txi' the ..., please' iCudnto peude costar? [kwan-to pwe-de kos-tar] 'How much will it cost' Es demctsiado [es de-ma-sya-do] 'lt's too much' i,Puede darme un recibo? [pwe-dedar-meun re-thi-bo] 'Can you give me a receipt?

Llevemea esta direccion, por favor i, Cudnto cuestahasta el centro? a es-tadi-rekthyon por fa-vor] [kwan-to kwes-taas-tael then-tro] [ye-ve-me 'Take me to 'How please' this address, much is it to the center?'

desecon la vuelta No tengocambio Que kon cam-byo] Ike-de-se la vwel-ta] [noteng-go 'Keepthechange' 'l have no / nothing smaller I have change'

Hiring a Boat Un billete [un bi-lye-te] 'I ticket' Dos billetes [dosbi-lye-tes] '2 tickets'
De ida [de i-da] 'Single'

De ida de vuelta [de i-daeevwel-ta] 'Round trip'

iHay algun billete de turista? [ay al-gun bi-lye-te de tu-ris-ta] 'ls therea touristticket?' lCudnlo dura el viaie? [kwan-to du-ra el vya-he] 'How longsis the trip?' iCuando sale el primer barco? Ikwan-do sa-leel pri-mer bar-ko] 'When is the first boat?'

7,Hayexcursionesen barco'? en [ay eks-kur-syo-nes bar-ko] 'Are thereany boat trips?' i,Cutindo sale el proximo barco'? Ikwan-do sa-leel prok-si-mo bar-ko] 'When is the next boat?' sule el ultimo barco? 2,Cuuntlo [kwan-dosa-leel ul-ti-mo bar-ko] 'When is the lastboat?'

Driving Cars iSepuede aparcar uqui? [se pwe-dea-par-kara-ki] 'Can I park here?' iD|ncle pueth upurcar'/ [don-depwc-do a-par-kar] 'Where can I park?' illay parking'? fay par-king] 'ls therea car park?'

i,Hacefalta tique de aparcamientoT [a-sefal-ta ti-ke de a-par-ka-myen-to] 'Do I needa parkingdisc?' Vamosa ... a [va-mos ... ] ' W e ' r eg o i n gt o . . . '

i,Donde puedo comprar un tique? [don-depwe-do kom-prar ti-ke] 'Where can I get a parkingdisc?'

es 2,Curil la major ruta? ru-ta] [kwal es la rne-hor 'Whatis the bestroute?' Know ThcseSigns!

Todas direcciones Salida Autopista Peaje Apacar Prohibido Ciudad Centro

r^,,:t^- r^ ^^^L^-

di-rek-thyo-nes] [to-das [sa-li-da] Iaw-to-pis-ta] Ipe-a-je] a-pa-kar] [pro-hi-bi-do thyu-dad] [then-tro

t-l L: l^..1o L^-^hol

'All Routes' 'Exit' 'Motorway' 'Toll' 'No Parking' 'City Center'

'Ccr l-Iire'

Shopping for Clothes i,Vende... ? [ven-de... ] ' D o y o u s e l l. . . ? ' i,Donde venden... ? [don-deven-den... ] ' W h e r ec a n I b u y . . . ?' i,Hay mercado? [ay mer-ka-do] ' l s t h e r ea m a r k e t ? '

Esloy bu,scctndo regalo un Envuelvamelopor.favor i,Tiene algo mas baroto? por favor] fes-toybus-kan-doun re-ga-lo] [tye-neal-go mas ba-ra-to] [en-vwel-va-me-lo 'l'm lookingfor a present' 'ls thereanything cheaper?' 'Please wrap it up' i,Puedoprobarme esto? [pwe-do pro-bar-mees-ro] 'Can I try this on?' Es demasiado caro ka-ro] [es de-ma-sya-do 'lt's tooexpensive' E,sdemasiadogrande gran-de] [es de-rna-sya-do 'lt's too big' Solo esloy mirando [so-lo es-toyrni-ran-do] 'l'm just looking' i,Tiene una talla menor? [tye-neu-na ta-lya me-nor] 'Do you havea smallersize?' Me llevo esto [me lye-vo es-to] ' l ' l l t a k et h i s one'

Know These Signs! Abierto Cerrado Caja Rebaias Ia-byer-to] Ither-ra-do] Ika-ha] Ire-ba-.iasl 'Open' 'Closed' 'CashDesk' 'Sale'

Shoppingfor Food '? i,Vancle... [ven-de... ] 'Do you sell... ?' Un litro de ... [ u n l i - t r od e . . . ] 'Aliterof...' iD1ntle puedo comprar ... ? 2Ddnde esta el mercado'? [don-depwe-dokom-prar... ] [don-dees-tael mer-ka-do] ' W h e r ec a n I b u y 'Where ... ?' isthemarket?' Una botella de... Una lata de ... b o - t e - l y a e . . . ] [ u - n al a t a d e . . . ] d [u-na 'Abottleof...' 'Acanof...' Una caja de ... d [ u - n ac a - h a e . . . ] 'Acartonof...' Ocho lonchas de ... s [ o - c h ol o n - c h a d e . . . ] '8 slices of ...'

Cien gramos de ... Un cuarlo kilo de ... Un kilo de ... g r a - m o s e . . . 1[ u n k w a r - t ok i - l o d e . . . ] [ U n k i - l o d e . . . ] d Ithyen ' 1 0 0g r a m s f . . . ' '114kilo f ...' 'l kilo o o of ...' Una barra de pan [u-na bar-rade pan] 'A loaf of bread' Tres yogures [tres yo-gu-res] '3 yogurls'

Media docena de huevos [med-ya do-the-nade we-vos] 'Half dozen of eggs'

de Unpaquete ... pa-ke-te ... ] de [un 'Apacketof...'

tJnalata de ... de [u-nala-ta ... ] 'Atinof...'

Un taruode ... de [untar-ro '.. ] 'Ajarof...'

Signs! Know These Panaderia Carniceria Fruteria Supermercado Ipa-na-de-ri-ya] Ikar-ni-ce-ri-ya] Ifiu-te-ri-ya] Isu-per-mer-ka-dol 'Bakeshop' 'Meatshop' 'Fruit Stand' 'Supermarket'

Dining Out and Ordering Food Un cafi solo [un ka-fe co-lo] 'A black coffee' [Jn le Un cafi con leche ka-fe kon le-che] [un te] [un 'A 'A tea' coffeewith milk' Una cerveza [u-na ther-ve-za] 'A lager'

(Jn chocolule utn churros por Jhvor [un cho-ko-la-tekon chur-rospor fa-vor] 'A hot chocolate with churro,please' La carta de vincts,por fuvor [a kar-ta de vi-nos por fa-vor] 'The wine list, please' Otra botella, porJ'avor [o-tra bo-te-lyapor fa-vor] 'Anotherbottle,please La carta, por.favor [a kar-ta por f-a-vor] 'The menu,please' pan Ma,s [mas pan] 'More bread'

LJnuhotcllu de agua mineral [u-na bo-te-lyade a-gwa mi-ne-rall 'A bottleof mineralwater'

Una bolella de vino Un vuso dc linlo [u-na bo-te-lyade vi-no] [un va-sode tin-to] 'A glassof rcd wine' 'A bottleof wine' 2,Quirelttmur ulgo'? 2Que quiere lomar'/ [kye-re to-mar al-go] [ke kye-re to-mar] 'Do you like a drink?' 'What will you have'/' Yo voy a lomar eso 2,Querecomienda? [yo voy a to-mar e-so]fke re-ko-myenda] 'What do you recommend?' 'l'll havethis' Mas agua [mas a-gwa] 'More water' La cuenta,por.favor tla kwen-ta por fa-vorl 'The bill, please'

Visiting the Beach iHay alguna playa tranquila'? [ay al-gu-napla-ya trang-ki-la] 'ls therea quiet beach? i,Como se va hasta alli? fko-mo se va as-taa-lyi] 'How do I get there?

i,Haypiscina'/ [aypi-si-na] 'ls there pool?' a iEstafriu elugua? fri-yael a-gwa] [es-ta 'ls thewater cold?

limpiael agua i,Esta

[es-tslirn-pyael a-gwa] 'ls the waterclean?' i,Es peligroso? [es pe-li-gro-so] 'ls it dangerous?'

muy 2Es profundo?

[esmuy pro-fun-do] 'ls it deep?'

corrientes? 7,Hay Iay kor-ryentes] 'Are there currents?'

Doing Sports puecle ... ? iD6ntle .se se [don-Ae pwe-de... ] l w h " r " c a nw e . . . ? ' i,Lludnb cuesta ... ? [kwan-to kwes-ta ... ] ' H o w m u c hi s i t . . . ? ' jugar al tennis [hu-garal te-nis] ' P l a yt e n n i s ' Por hora [Por o-ra] ' P e rh o u r ' jugar al golJ' [hu-garal golfl ' P l a yg o l f nadar [na-dar] 'Swim'

Por dia [por di-ya] 'Perday'

i.Puedo alquilar raquetas? [pwe-do al-ki-lar ra-ke-tas] 'Can I hire rackets?'

Por semana Ipor se-ma-na] 'Perweek'

i,C6no sc re,\erva una Pisla? [ko-rno se re-ser-vau-na Pis-ta] 'How do I book a couft?' i,IIay algun partido de.futbol? [ay al-gun par-ti-dode futbol] 'ls there a football match?'

7,D(tndehay una tienda de dePorted? [don-deay u-na tyen-dade de-por-tes] 'Where is there a sportsshoP?'

Problcms and ComPlaints i,Puede ayudarme,por .favor? Ipwe-dea-yu-dar-mepor fa-vor] 'Can you help me, please?'

l,{ohablo Espafiol fnoa-bloes-pa-nyoll 'l don'tspeak Spanish'

i,Habla Ingles? [a-blaing-gles] 'You speakEnglish?

Me he perdido [me e per-di-do] 'l'm lost' No ha llegctdo mi equipaie mi [no a lye-ga-do e-kwi-Pa-he] 'My luggagehas not yet arrived' lDejeme en paz! en fde-he-me paz] 'Leaveme alone'

Llego tarde !ye-go tar-del 'l'm late'

Tengo que ir a ... ke fteng-go ie a ... ] ' l n e e dt o g o t o . . . '

Me he deiadola bolsaen el autocar en fme e de-ha-do el aw-to-kar] 'l've left my bagon the coach' ! lVayase Iva-ya-se] 'Go away!' Hay un enor [ay un er-ror] 'Thereis a mistake'

Esto no es lo que he perdido [es-tono es lo ke e per-di-do] 'This isn't what I ordered'

Quiero hacer una reclamacion tkye-ro a-cer u-na re-kla-ma-thyon] 'l want to rnakea complaint' Llevamos mucho tiempo esperando [lye-va-mosmu-cho tyem-po es-pe-ran-do] 'We've beenwaiting for a very long time'

Quiero que me devuelvan el dinero [kye-ro ke me de-vwel-vanel di-ne-ro] 'l want my money back'

Dealingwith Emergencies

! ISocorro Iso-kor-ro] 'Help!'

2Me puede ayudar? [me pwe-de a-yu-dar] 'Can you help me?'

Ha habido un accidente [a a-bi-do un ak-thi-den-te] 'There's beenan accident' Me had robado [me an ro-ba-do] ol've beenrobbed' Me han robado el coche [me an ro-ba-doel ko-che] 'My car has beenstolen'

Hay un herido i,Donde esla la comidaria'? [don-dees-ta la ko-rne-da-ri-ya] [ay un e-ri-do] 'someoneis injured' 'Where's the policestation?' Me han agredido [me an a-gre-di-do] 'l've beenattacked' es 2,Cudnto la mulla? Ikwan-toes Ia mul-ta] 'lJow much is the fine?' Me han violado tme an vyo-la-dol 'l've beenraped'

No tengo dinero No tengo .su/iciente tcng-gosu-fi-thyen-te] [no teng-godi-ner-do] [no 'l have no money' 'l don't haveenough'

Know TheseSigns! Policia Bomberos Urgencias Ipo-li-si-ya] Iborn-be-ros] Iur-hen-syas] 'Police' 'FireBrigade' 'Casualty Dept'